stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
150 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
1 play
A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
Flashcards
150 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
150
Answers
1
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
abstract operations
systematic hypothesis testing
logical reasoning
physical interaction
2
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
alcohol
narcotics
cannabis
sedatives
3
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
schizophrenia
marital problems
bipolar disorder
anxiety disorders
4
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
halo effect in aggression
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
basis for performing pro-social behavior
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
5
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
decibels
timbre
pitch
loudness
6
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
stereotaxic inversion
ESB
tumor ligation
lesioning
7
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Broca's area
Sperry's area
Wernicke's area
Cannon's area
8
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
standard deviation
means
percentiles
correlation coefficients
9
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
step-wise conditioning
shaping
stimulus discrimination
selection
10
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
mentalism
cognition
introspection
intelligence
11
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete retrieval failure
partial storage
partial retrieval
complete storage failure
12
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use a holistic decision model
are using the representativeness heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the availability heuristic
13
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
medulla
prefrontal cortex
hypothalamus
occipital cortex
14
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
cookie
give cookie
i wanted a cookie
I eated a cookie
15
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
unrealistic demands from family/friends
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
16
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 1
REM
stage 2
stage 4
17
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mean
median
mode
midpoint
18
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the brain
the unconscious
conscious experience
behavior
19
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
computerized tomography
positron emission tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
electrographic tomography
20
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
collectivism
attributionism
functionalism
individualism
21
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
neodynamism
behaviorism
functionalism
psychoanalysis
22
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
opiates
pathogens
prenatals
teratogens
23
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
musical
spatial
mechanical
logical-mathemathical
24
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological instability
physiological stability
psychological instability
psychological stability
25
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
pseudoforgetting
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia
26
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the absolute refractory period
transduction capacity
transduction incapacity
the relative threshold period
27
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
long-term
sensory
short-term
intermediate-term
28
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
happiness
sadness
fear
surprise
29
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
an amphetamine
a sedative
a hallucinogen
a narcotic
30
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
display rules
investment differentiations
social scripts
parental investments
31
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
cocaine
heroin
mescaline
marijuana
32
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
a variety of environmental factors
group differences in basic intelligence
changes in testing procedures
genetic influences on IQ
33
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
34
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
attitude is to action
thought is to perception
behavior is to motive
feeling is to thinking
35
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
a personality test
an aptitude test
an intelligence test
an achievement test
36
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
censoring dissent from group members
37
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-interval schedule
38
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the cephalopedal trend
the proximodistal trend
encephalitis
the cephalocaudal trend
39
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
been dreaming
a headache
not been dreaming
not really been asleep
40
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
mental age
a percentile score
a potential score
IQ
41
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a self-report inventory
a behavior rating
a deceptive test
a projective test
42
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the correlational group
the experimental group
the control group
the observational group
43
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender roles
gender behaviors
gender stereotypes
gender differences
44
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
similiarity
constancy
closure
symmetry
45
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in agreeableness
high in neuroticism
low in openness
low in extraversion
46
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
morphemes
syntax
linguistic heuristics
phonemes
47
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
sympathetic nerves
afferent nerves
autonomic nerves
efferent nerves
48
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
offense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
id mechanisms
defense mechanisms
49
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
feeding
the endocrine system
memory
the autonomic nervous system
50
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
vitreous humor
iris
lens
cornea
51
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he's just like his father
he always gets in fights
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
52
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
sensory memory
subliminal threshold
absolute threshold
just noticeable difference
53
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
incentive theory
drive theory
instinct theory
evolutionary theory
54
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
fast-mapping
semantic slanting
metalinguistic awareness
overextension
55
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
psychotherapy
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
avoidance therapy
56
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recall
reiteration
recognition
relearning
57
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
secure-avoidant
strange situation
attachment probing
shared inhibition
58
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
dopamine
acetylcholine
serotonin
endorphin
59
According to the medical model...
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
60
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
avoidance learning
positive reinforcement
an unconditioned response
escape learning
61
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
sensory memories
non-declarative memories
episodic memories
flashbulb memories
62
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
the unconscious
irrational thoughts
the conscious
maladaptive behaviors
63
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; standardized
intelligence; personality
personality; standardized
standardized; intelligence
64
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
endocrine system
limbic system
leftbrain/right brain communication
reticular formation
65
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
delusions
illusions
obsessions
hallucinations
66
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
smelling an odor
hearing a sound
moving a part of his body
seeing a flash of light
67
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
light
food/meat powder
salivation
tone
68
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
sequential
time of testing
longitundinal
cross-sectional
69
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
action potentials
agonists
antagonists
neurotransmitters
70
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
light purity
color
saturation
brightness
71
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a false alarm
subliminal perception
a just noticeable difference
a superimposed stimulus
72
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
representativeness
consistency
predictability
accuracy of inference
73
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
displacement
regression
compensation
fixation
74
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
semantic network
schema
chunk
script
75
A perceptual set implies that...
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
people often see what they expect to see
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
76
Anhedonia is when a person...
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
experiences mild manic states
has trouble getting along with people
has two different psychological disorders
77
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
tree-bird
boat-goat
car-nose
fill-feed
78
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
put information into long-term memory
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold information for a lifetime
79
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
dissociative
bipolar
unipolar
cyclical
80
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
industry vs. inferiority
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
initiative vs. guilt
trust vs. mistrust
81
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
direct observation
questionnaires
physiological recordings
psychological tests
82
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
83
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become aggressive
remain in continuous sleep
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous wakefulness
84
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
sebaceous gland
pancreas
85
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the triarchic level of encoding
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
dyadic encoding
86
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
conventional
preconventional
concrete
postconventional
87
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
change
frustration
pressure
conflict
88
The superego is Freud's term for...
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the moral component of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the conscious aspect of personality
89
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
parietal lobe
thalamus
corpus callosum
pineal gland
90
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
suppression
repression
neurogenic amnesia
avoidance
91
An antagonist...
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
extends the absolute refractory period
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
92
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
stereotypes
self-serving bias
attributions
prejudices
93
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
personality
attachment
temperament
behavioral quality
94
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
loud noise
rabbit
rat
fear reaction
95
What is cognitive dissonance?
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
96
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the reciprocity norm
display rules
the principle of collectivism
the law of cognitive dissonance
97
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
standardized validity
criterion-related validity
content validity
predictive validity
98
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
state-dependent learning
observational learning
99
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
group polarization
deindividuation
conformity
social loafing
100
Framing refers to...
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting irrelevant information
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting only part of the information required
101
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
cognitive structuring
schematizing
cultural direction
stereotypes
102
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
cultural practices
amount of time awake
amount of time alseep
exposure to light
103
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a phobia
an obsession
a compulsion
a delusion
104
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
an internal attribution
a distinctive attribution
a situational attribution
an external attribution
105
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
punishment
observational learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
106
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a self-serving attribution
a contravened stereotype
a heuristic observation
107
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
anxiety
schizophrenic
mood
personality
108
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
manipulative behavior
excessive guilt
aggressiveness
social charm
109
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
G. Stanley Hall
William James
Rene Decartes
Wilhelm Wundt
110
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
conditioned forgetting
unconditioning
extinction
spontaneous remission
111
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
medulla
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
corpus callosum
112
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
anal
oral
genital
latency
113
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
the internal state causes the facial expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
114
What is somnambulism?
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-walking
sleep-talking
difficulty breathing when asleep
115
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
cortex
spinal cord
thalamus
location of injury
116
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
reinforcement
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
117
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
latent learning
operant conditioning
insight learning
classical conditioning
118
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
conservation
egocentrism
reversibility
centration
119
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
construct
criterion-related
absolute
content
120
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
None of the Above
wish fulfillment theory
problem-solving theory
activation-synthesis theory
121
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
observational learning
superstitious behavior
positive reinforcement
classical conditioning
122
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
development of secondary sex characteristics
formal operations
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
post-conventional moral reasoning
123
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
124
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
print letters
fear the dark
tie shoe laces
125
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
beta
alpha
delta
gamma
126
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
perception
hypnosis
sensation
consciousness
127
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
phonemic
platonic
morphemic
mnemonic
128
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
the personal qualities of the residents
job discrimination experienced by the residents
poor police protection
crowded living conditions
129
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
reduction of inhibitions
hallucinations
total loss of personal control
resistance to pain
130
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a forensic psychologist
a developmental psychologist
a clinical psychologist
a social psychologist
131
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
pituitary
gonads
thyroid
thalamus
132
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
crystallized
fluid
procedural
episodic
133
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
olfactory cilia
sciatic receptors
gustatory bulbs
smell buds
134
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
135
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
has been standardized but not normed
is consistent
is reliable
136
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
were put into a simulated prison
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
137
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
reasoning
intelligence
creativity
insight
138
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
availability heuristic
representativeness heuristic
conjunction heuristic
law of small numbers
139
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
modeled
ablated
encoded
retrieved
140
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
sensation
processing
perception
attention
141
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
temporal lobe
cochlea
oval window
stirrup
142
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
bottom-up processing
lateral processing
top-down processing
bottom-to-top processing
143
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
pseudoinsomnia
insomnia
narcolepsy
sleep apnea
144
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test scores
test levels
test scales
test norms
145
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
conformity
cognitive dissonance
obedience
groupthink
146
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
conditioned emotional reactions
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
147
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
cognitive
behavioral
psychoanalytic
humanistic
148
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
fugue
conversion disorder
149
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the gambler's fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the conjunction fallacy
the confirmation bias
150
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
brainstem
limbic system
reticular formation
cerebellum
