The Incan and Aztec Empires were similar in all of the following ways EXCEPT

extensive trade within their empires

Which of the following is NOT true about the role of women in the Islamic Abbasid era?

A woman could become a qadi or member of the ulama

ambition and activism lead to chaos

One of the long-term effects of Mongol conquest was

to isolate Russia from the rest of Europe

When the Portuguese arrived in India and Southeast Asia, they

established control mostly over port cities and islands

In the period 1200-1450 C.E., West African and Mongol women

had more power and influence than European women

The greatest number of deaths during the Spanish conquest of the Aztec and Inca can be attributed to

diseases which coincided with Spanish arrival

Why did Europe's popes launch crusades during the medieval era?

to fight Muslims and convert non-Catholics

The writings of Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta primarily

stimulated interest in travel and trade

Which of the following was NOT a cause of the Great Schism in 1054 C.E.?

arguments over the site of Jesus' crucifixion

Which of the following is an accurate list of the Gunpowder Empires?

Mughal India, Ottoman Turkey, Safavid Persia

The Vikings and Mongols were similar in that both

were very mobile groups who excelled at quick attacks

Under the Delhi Sultanate, Hindus in India

were taxed and faced a certain measure of persecution

How did rugged terrain affect the formation of societies in the Andes Mountains?

People had to work out an effective division of labor.

A cultural impact of Indian Ocean trade in East Africa was

the emergence of the Swahili language

Which of the following did the MOST to encourage European exploration in the 1400s?

the desire to find maritime routes to China and the East Indies

The Columbian Exchange brought

European diseases to America and American crops to Europe

Why did the Tokugawa shogunate close Japan's borders from 1603 to 1853?

to keep European influence out of everyday life

The Ming Dynasty adopted which of the following belief systems for which of the following reasons?

Neoconfucianism, to build a competent bureaucracy

Which of the following characterized Middle Eastern trade practices in the period 1200-1450 C.E.?

Trade with China, India, and the Swahili coast was regular.

Which of the following statements about the Songhai in the 16th century is accurate?

This Islamic kingdom was part of the trans-Saharan trade.

The Delhi Sultanate, Muslim Iberia, and the Abbasid Caliphate are all examples of

Islamic states that developed concurrently

What made Mali such a powerful state in the 1300s?

It was a center of Islamic learning and had large gold deposits.

Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade in order to

restore Christian occupation of the Holy Land

How did slavery and indentured servitude in the Americas differ?

Indentured servants paid off debt through labor; the enslaved did not.

From 1600 to 1700, sugar was

the leading product in Atlantic trade

What significant impact did the Mongol conquests have on the Islamic heartland?

The Abbasid political capital at Baghdad was destroyed.

What was the primary reason the West began to explore new trade routes around 1400?

Technological innovations helped overcome previous limitations.

Which of the following is NOT true of the Ottoman Empire between 1400 and 1600 C.E.?

They assigned Christians and Jews high social status.

From the early 13th century onward, the English king shared power with the people as a result of

a nobles' rebellion that challenged absolute rule

The spread of Islam influenced medieval Europe in which of the following ways?

new interest in Greek and Arab writings and technology

The Hebrews' most important contribution was their creation of

the first monotheistic tradition

After the death of Genghis Khan, all of the following were true EXCEPT

internal dissention caused the empire's immediate collapse

Which of the following is true about the Islamic and Hindu cultures?

Islam emphasized equality of believers; Hinduism did not

During the first century of Ming rule in China,

Zheng He made a series of voyages

Which of the following was NOT one of Peter the Great's efforts to modernize?

embracing the ideas of the Enlightenment

Which of the following is true about the religious makeup of Africa in the postclassical period?

Christianity and Islam both found converts.

The political and social effect of Neo-Confucianism in China was

to reinforce preexisting hierarchies

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AP World History: Modern First Semester Review

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Answers

1
The Incan and Aztec Empires were similar in all of the following ways EXCEPT
the practice of ritualized human sacrifice
an upper class of priests and royalty
extensive trade within their empires
innovative use of agricultural techniques
2
Which of the following is NOT true about the role of women in the Islamic Abbasid era?
Women were kept secluded from civil life.
Men were permitted to have more than one wife.
Abbasid caliphs instituted harems in the court.
A woman could become a qadi or member of the ulama
3
Lao-Tzu argued that
all life is suffering
obligations of filial piety included extended family
order is achievable through strong, centralized government
ambition and activism lead to chaos
4
From 1200-1450 C.E., the most contact with the rest of the world for sub-Saharan Africa was provided by
the Chinese
the Mongols
Christians
Muslims
5
One of the long-term effects of Mongol conquest was
to disrupt Silk Road commerce in Central Asia
to eliminate Buddhism in China
to overthrow the Ottoman state
to isolate Russia from the rest of Europe
6
Which of the following is NOT considered a land-based empire?
the Russian Empire
the Qing Empire
the Dutch Empire
the Ottoman Empire
7
When the Portuguese arrived in India and Southeast Asia, they
found that voyaging so far made trade in these regions unprofitable
agreed not to let Catholic priests conduct missionary work
established control mostly over port cities and islands
quickly conquered India and China
8
In the period 1200-1450 C.E., West African and Mongol women
were not allowed to own property
could not appear in public without a man to accompany them
were the undisputed leaders of their societies
had more power and influence than European women
9
The greatest number of deaths during the Spanish conquest of the Aztec and Inca can be attributed to
firearms used by conquistadors
diseases which coincided with Spanish arrival
human sacrifices performed to appease conquistadors
the overwhelming numerical superiority of Spanish forces
10
Why did Europe's popes launch crusades during the medieval era?
to conquer territory in sub-Saharan Africa
to fight Muslims and convert non-Catholics
to grasp control of Silk Road trade
to spread Christianity to Ireland
11
The writings of Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta primarily
assisted the spread of Christianity and Islam
stimulated interest in travel and trade
compelled the Chinese to revive Silk Road trade
increased literacy levels across Eurasia
12
Which of the following was NOT a cause of the Great Schism in 1054 C.E.?
debate over whether priests should remain celibate
Eastern rulers resisting papal interference to church matters
disagreements over the type of bread to use in communion
arguments over the site of Jesus' crucifixion
13
Which of the following is an accurate list of the Gunpowder Empires?
Safavid Persia, Ottoman Turkey, Tokugawa Japan
Ottoman Turkey, Mughal India, Tokugawa Japan
Mughal India, Tokugawa Japan, Seljuk Turks
Mughal India, Ottoman Turkey, Safavid Persia
14
The Vikings and Mongols were similar in that both
practiced religious tolerance
were very mobile groups who excelled at quick attacks
used local governments to help rule their conquered lands
converted to Christianity en masse upon their assimilation
15
Which of the following trade routes is most closely associated with Mali?
the trans-Saharan
the Indian Ocean
the Mediterranean
the Silk Roads
16
Under the Delhi Sultanate, Hindus in India
were taxed and faced a certain measure of persecution
were no longer subjected to the strict caste system
could not own property or participate in public life
experienced a renaissance and built many grand temples
17
How did rugged terrain affect the formation of societies in the Andes Mountains?
Very few buildings or roads were constructed.
The level of cultural sophistication remained quite low.
Individual clans remained in isolation.
People had to work out an effective division of labor.
18
A cultural impact of Indian Ocean trade in East Africa was
the development of technologies that made travel easier
the emergence of the Swahili language
the establishment of Sikhism
the decline of artistic output from Great Zimbabwe
19
Which of the following did the MOST to encourage European exploration in the 1400s?
the chance to search for gold, ivory, and other riches
scientific curiosity
the desire to find maritime routes to China and the East Indies
the opportunity to gain new converts to Catholicism
20
Buddhism rejected which of the following tenets of Hinduism?
belief in reincarnation
belief in karma
belief in castes
belief in not harming living creatures
21
The Columbian Exchange brought
European diseases to America and American crops to Europe
Enslaved Amerindians to Africa and African guns to Europe
American horses to Europe and European turkeys to America
Spanish gold to America and American diseases to Spain
22
Why did the Tokugawa shogunate close Japan's borders from 1603 to 1853?
to prepare Japanese peasants for modernization
to keep European influence out of everyday life
to institute sweeping government reforms
to keep Japanese culture from spreading beyond Japan
23
The Ming Dynasty adopted which of the following belief systems for which of the following reasons?
Catholicism, due to the arrival of Jesuit missionaries
Taoism, in line with a more isolationist foreign policy
Islam, the religion the Mongols practiced when they invaded
Neoconfucianism, to build a competent bureaucracy
24
Which of the following characterized Middle Eastern trade practices in the period 1200-1450 C.E.?
A unified Islamic state imposed tariffs to stimulate trade.
Trade with Europe ceased but began with sub-Saharan Africa.
The Ottomans imposed high taxes on non-Muslim merchants.
Trade with China, India, and the Swahili coast was regular.
25
After the expansion of Islam into Africa, a vibrant Christian community remained
in Egypt and Ethiopia
on the Swahili coast
in Mali
along the Silk Road
26
The geometric patterns found in the Alhambra in Andalusia show the influence of
Christianity
Buddhism
Judaism
Islam
27
Between the 16th and mid-18th centuries, the Americas had established economic links with all EXCEPT
West Africa
Western Europe
South Asia
Southeast Asia
28
Which of the following statements about the Songhai in the 16th century is accurate?
This dynasty formed the present-day boundaries of China.
This African kingdom joined in the Portuguese slave trade.
This Islamic kingdom was part of the trans-Saharan trade.
This dynasty's founder completed the Great Wall of China.
29
All of the following faiths are polytheistic EXCEPT
Shinto
Zoroastrianism
Hinduism
Sikhism
30
The Delhi Sultanate, Muslim Iberia, and the Abbasid Caliphate are all examples of
city-states that developed concurrently
feudalistic governments that developed concurrently
Islamic states that developed concurrently
military alliances that developed concurrently
31
What made Mali such a powerful state in the 1300s?
It controlled the Indian Ocean spice trade.
It mobilized large armies and armed them with guns.
It was a center of Islamic learning and had large gold deposits.
It profited by cooperating with European slave traders.
32
Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade in order to
restore Christian occupation of the Holy Land
destroy Jewish populations in Europe
open European access to African trade routes
gain political power during the Great Schism
33
How did slavery and indentured servitude in the Americas differ?
Indenture was practiced in the Caribbean; slavery in New England.
Slavery was used for agriculture only; indenture only for household tasks.
There was no practical difference.
Indentured servants paid off debt through labor; the enslaved did not.
34
Circulation of what resource from the Americas spurred commerce and the creation of a global economy?
sugar
silver
gold
potatoes
35
From 1600 to 1700, sugar was
the leading product in Atlantic trade
less profitable than tobacco in the Caribbean
considered the easiest crop to produce
produced largely without slave labor
36
What significant impact did the Mongol conquests have on the Islamic heartland?
Shi'ism was eliminated as a major sub-sect within Islam.
The Mongol nomads embraced Islam and most converted.
Much of the population converted to Mongol animist beliefs.
The Abbasid political capital at Baghdad was destroyed.
37
What was the primary reason the West began to explore new trade routes around 1400?
Technological innovations helped overcome previous limitations.
Constant warfare with the Mongols made trade difficult.
African pirates made it hard to utilize previous routes.
Islamic armies closed off all trade routes to the east.
38
Which of the following is NOT true of the Ottoman Empire between 1400 and 1600 C.E.?
They taxed non-Muslims who refused to convert.
They held control of the eastern Mediterranean.
They were technologically advanced in terms of weaponry.
They assigned Christians and Jews high social status.
39
From the early 13th century onward, the English king shared power with the people as a result of
the devastating impacts of the Black Death
a compromise ending a century-long war of succession
a nobles' rebellion that challenged absolute rule
a break between the Catholic church and Church of England
40
The spread of Islam influenced medieval Europe in which of the following ways?
proclamation of religious tolerance in England
widespread use of Arabic in French and Italian port cities
religious reforms within the Catholic church
new interest in Greek and Arab writings and technology
41
The Hebrews' most important contribution was their creation of
relative equality of social classes
the first large, centralized state
the first monotheistic tradition
strong military tradition
42
After the death of Genghis Khan, all of the following were true EXCEPT
internal dissention caused the empire's immediate collapse
his empire was divided among his sons and grandsons
trade continued to flourish along the Silk Road
the Mongols expanded their control over Eurasian territory
43
Which of the following is true about the Islamic and Hindu cultures?
Hinduism restricted sexual freedoms; Islam did not
Islam emphasized equality of believers; Hinduism did not
Islam was more open to and tolerant of a variety of faiths
Hindus were more evangelical than Muslims
44
During the first century of Ming rule in China,
Manchu armies invaded from the north
the religion of Daoism was founded
Zheng He made a series of voyages
the government hosted Marco Polo at court
45
Which of the following was NOT one of Peter the Great's efforts to modernize?
forcing nobles to shave their beards or pay a beard tax
establishing a navy with Dutch and English influences
embracing the ideas of the Enlightenment
mandating the adoption of a more European-style wardrobe
46
The Taj Mahal was constructed by which of the following empires?
the Delhi Sultanate
the Mughals
the Ottomans
the Safavids
47
The correct order of the following belief systems, from earliest to most recent, is
Islam, Christianity, Judaism
Judaism, Islam, Christianity
Christianity, Judaism, Islam
Judaism, Christianity, Islam
48
The movable-type printing press
helped spread Renaissance ideals to northern Europe
appeared first in East Asia
was outlawed by the Catholic church
made it difficult for the poor to become more literate
49
Which of the following is true about the religious makeup of Africa in the postclassical period?
Invading Crusaders took complete control of civil life.
Christianity and Islam both found converts.
Indigenous animist religions made conversions difficult.
Islam created a universal cultural foundation.
50
The political and social effect of Neo-Confucianism in China was
to reinforce preexisting hierarchies
to diminish public respect for the emperor
to elevate the status of women
to improve intergenerational relations within the family
51
All of the following contributed to the impact of the Black Death in the 14th century EXCEPT
crowded conditions in European cities
a lack of sanitation
trade with East Asia
the Columbian Exchange
52
Which of the following is the correct order of Chinese dynasties, from earliest to most recent?
Yuan, Song, Qing, Ming
Ming, Qing, Song, Yuan
Qing, Song, Yuan, Ming
Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing
53
The agricultural technique in the image would be found in which of the following pairs of societies?
the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates
the Ottomans and Mali
the Mongols and Mexica
the Inca and Song
54
Between 1000-1450 C.E., Western European and West African leaders were similar in that
neither engaged in warfare to gain power and resources
both used new maritime techniques to sail to Asia
both adopted scholarship from Muslim civilizations
neither allowed forced labor in their realms
55
Which of the following accurately describes patterns of trade in the Indian Ocean between 1200 and 1400 C.E.?
cotton from China; ivory from India; tea from Africa
gold from Africa; cotton from India; silk from China
salt from China; slaves from India; silver from Africa
spices from Africa; silk from India; gold from China
56
Which of the following best encapsulates Confucian thought?
Society functions best when people can exercise individuality.
The young should treat their elders with respect.
Husbands and wives have equal responsibility in the family.
Power is given to rulers by the gods.
57
Portugal's development of the carrack in the 15th century was significant because
it became Europe's main vehicle of Atlantic exploration
its design was exported to China and adapted as the junk
it enabled them to finally reach the Mediterranean
it improved upon older Viking longboat designs
58
Introduction of new crops from the Americas to China in the 17th and 18th centuries caused
widespread adoption of the three-field system
large-scale migrations from regions where food was scarce
a rapid increase in population due to better nutrition
the Chinese to abandon traditional foods
59
Which of the following trade routes is most closely associated with the cities of Kilwa and Mombasa?
the trans-Saharan
the Indian Ocean
the Mediterranean
the Silk Roads
60
The Islamic ummah was the
the writings which explained Muhammad's dreams
idea of community of believers transcending clan divisions
the name given to the central place of worship in Mecca
name given to the group of clergy of the new faith
61
After 1450, international trade was increasingly controlled by
Western Europe
China
the Mongols
the Ottoman Empire
62
Which of the following statements accurately depicts the development of Buddhism and Christianity?
Both relied heavily on texts written by their founders.
Neither founder presented himself as divine.
Neither's followers faced persecution for their beliefs.
Both grew from other religions, developing monastic orders.
63
English maritime exploration was made possible largely through the formation of
the Triangular Trade
urban guilds
the Church of England
joint-stock companies
64
In 13th century Japan, the daimyo were
large landowners similar to lords in feudal Europe
leaders of Buddhist monasteries
warrior-peasants serving in the shogun's army
the shogun's inner circle of military advisers
65
The European maritime activity at the end of the 15th century led to all of the following EXCEPT
destruction of Indian and Chinese maritime trade
opening of some parts of the world to European colonization
formation of a far-reaching world economy
creation of an exchange network of goods and disease
66
The world's leading producer of cotton around 1700 was
the American South
India
China
the Arabian peninsula
67
The expansion of global trade contributed to China's becoming a major holder of silver because
China's South American colonies were rich silver producers
China's exports outstripped its imports
Britain paid for the rights to use the port of Hong Kong
Britain paid large quantities of silver for Chinese opium
68
Which of the following best matches the Ottoman Empire's treatment of non-Muslims?
They were openly persecuted by the imperial government.
They had some religious freedom but also paid higher taxes.
They tolerated Jews but not Christians.
They were forced to convert to Islam.
69
The Little Ice Age contributed to
a decrease in agricultural production and population losses
the rise of commerce in urban areas
a decline in warfare and a subsequent population increase
technological innovations that benefited the Islamic world
70
Byzantine rulers operated under which of the following political systems?
feudalism, where lords promise loyalty in exchange for land
caesaropapism, where leaders rule both church and state
caliphate, where leaders hold political and religious power
democracy, where anyone can vote regardless of status
71
Babur led his Mughal army to conquer India chiefly in order to
lay siege to holy sites such as the Taj Mahal
unify India under Hinduism
extend religious tolerance to the region
build a powerful military empire
72
Which of the following empires did NOT establish a maritime empire in the Americas?
Spain
Russia
The Netherlands
Portugal
73
What led to the growing cultural distance between Russia and Western Europe in the Middle Ages?
The Byzantine Empire collapsed.
Novgorod was forced to leave the Hanseatic League.
The Mongol invasion created a rift between east and west.
Russian princes abandoned Christianity in favor of Islam.
74
Which of the following accurately describes religious life in India during the 1300s?
Buddhism enjoyed a major revival and became second to Hinduism.
Hinduism remained unchallenged as India's dominant faith.
Islam had been forcibly introduced as the state-sponsored religion.
Jainism was eradicated in favor of Sikhism.
75
The Protestant Reformation was most heavily influenced by which of the following innovations?
gunpowder
the spinning jenny
the printing press
paper
76
Orthodox Christianity split from Roman Catholicism in 1054 C.E. in part due to the former's
more "law-centric" interpretation of scripture
belief in the Virgin Mary
belief in papal infallibility
tradition of allowing priests to marry
77
Which of the following was NOT a major effect of movement along the Silk Road?
the transmission of artistic influences among cultures
the spread of diseases throughout Eurasia
the use of a common language along the routes
the exchange of religious ideas between East and West
78
Which of the following is true about the transatlantic slave trade?
Mortality rates were low along the Middle Passage.
African kingdoms enslaved their own people.
The primary destination for ships were sugar plantations.
Men and women were forcibly transported in equal numbers.
79
Which of these best describes how West and Central African states responded to European encroachment?
Roughly half fell victim to smallpox and malaria.
Most migrated east, displacing those on the Swahili coast.
Some stayed strong enslaving neighbors and exchanging for guns.
They managed to deny Europeans access to trade opportunities.
80
The Zhou Dynasty developed the concept of the Mandate of Heaven which
justified the overthrow of incompetent or unwise rulers
established feudalism
rationalized the demands for tribute
provided justification for patriarchal society in China
81
The Holy Inquisition was created to
canonize followers of Christ, or make them saints
fight Muslims in the Middle East
build cathedrals in capital cities across Europe
track down and punish heretics and religious nonconformists
82
Which of the following is the correct order of when these religions were founded, from oldest to newest?
Islam, Christianity, Judaism
Christianity, Judaism, Islam
Judaism, Islam, Christianity
Judaism, Christianity, Islam
83
The economies of the Tang and Song dynasties relied on
the Indian Ocean and monsoon patterns
the trans-Saharan trade and activities of Berber nomads
the Silk Road and canal system
the activities of the Hanseatic League
84
All of the following are part of the Five Pillars of Islam EXCEPT
charitable giving
pilgrimage to Mecca
confession of sins
fasting
85
Buddhism spread from China to Japan and Korea by which of the following means?
imperial campaigns against Shinto believers
missionary efforts and tribute relations
military conquest followed by missionary efforts
trade on the Silk Road
86
The mercantilism that arose in 16th-century Europe
did not affect empires and populations outside Europe
sparked further rivalries among European powers
slowed European colonial pursuits
encouraged importation of foreign goods
87
In the post-classical era, sub-Saharan Africa's economy was driven primarily by
the export of gold to the Middle East and Europe
the transatlantic trade enslaving people for American labor
the import of cowrie shells from other coastal regions
the wealth of Muslim traders on the Swahili coast
88
In the medieval period, Islam and Eastern Orthodox Christianity shared which of the following?
a policy of religious tolerance
rejection of the practice of slavery
a ban on icons of holy people
beliefs in more than one god
89
Which of the following characterizes the new global trade system that arose in 1450?
The entire globe became linked by numerous trade routes.
The work of Polynesian weavers found new markets.
China came to control economic exchange worldwide.
European wealth and commercial dominance increased.
90
What social trauma did China, the Middle East, and Europe experience during the 14th century C.E.?
peasant revolts caused by rising taxes
the bubonic plague in pandemic form
migration away from frontier zones caused by invasions
mass hysteria caused by fears of witchcraft
91
What effects did the Crusades have on Western Europe?
Crusaders converted to Islam, bringing the faith to Europe.
Disgusted by eastern society, Europe became more insular.
Europeans began migrating east in large numbers.
Europeans were exposed to ancient Greek philosophy.
92
Which of the following compares of political systems in China and Western Europe between 1000 and 1300?
China instituted civil rights, while Europe protected feudalism.
Both regions were undergoing democratization.
China was unraveling, while Western Europe was unifying.
China was unified, while Europe was governed by many monarchies.
93
Martin Luther's 95 Theses, posted in 1517, were arguments pertaining to
why Rome should break from the Eastern Orthodox church
the heliocentric model of the solar system
his frustrations with church institutions and practices
issues of taxation plaguing non-Christian communities
94
Between 1450 and 1750, Russia
abandoned the system of serfdom
was at the forefront of the Renaissance
threw off Mongol rule and centralized rule under the tsars
remained Catholic despite the Protestant Reformation
95
Temples constructed in Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam are most likely to reflect the influence of
Hinduism and Buddhism
Christianity and Taoism
Islam and Confucianism
Shinto and Sikhism
96
Zimbabwe and Timbuktu were most alike in what respect?
They were key points in trade networks that extended beyond Africa.
They were successful military powers that built powerful empires.
They were largely cut off from all but their immediate surroundings.
They were renowned centers of Islamic scholarship.
97
One significant effect of the Black Death was
an oversupply of material goods that went unused by the dead
the decline of feudalism as serfdom waned
increased conversions to Christianity as people feared dying
population increase in China, where disease had less impact
98
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all share which of the following?
They recognize Moses and Abraham as prophets.
They revere Jerusalem and Rome as sites of pilgrimage.
They share the Gospels and Qur'an as holy books.
They are polytheistic faiths.
99
Epidemics in 16th-century Mesoamerica led to
history's largest decline in global population by percent
the decline of African slavery in the region
a shift in Europeans' focus to conquest of North America
an increase in wages for workers who survived
100
Which of the following was NOT true of European women's experiences in the Middle Ages?
Literature stressed women's roles as subservient to men.
Women played an important role in local commerce.
Becoming a nun provided an alternative to marriage.
Women led religious services.

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