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2024 Final Exam Review (Hertzig) Flashcards | StudBud
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2024 Final Exam Review (Hertzig)
2024 Final Exam Review (Hertzig)
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1
Both Asch and Berry lack ecological validity because:
the tasks were artificial
they were emic studies
they only tested particular cultures
they were etic studies
2
Which of the following did NOT take place in Bartlett (1932)?
Ps changed the order of events in the story
The story became shorter as it was retold over time
Ps changed details of the story to match their cultural expectations
Ps were given standardized procedures for retelling the story
3
Iconic & echoic memories tend to:
last for a few minutes
last for a few seconds
last for a few days
last for a few hours
4
According to Glass et al (2013) & Bavelier et al (2011), who is likeliest to benefit the most from the digital world?
Someone who spends several hours looking at social media
Someone who spends several hours playing simulation videogames
Someone who spends very little time looking at social media
Someone who spends several hours playing strategy/action videogames
5
At the end of an interview, what must the researcher do?
Promise anonymity
ALL of the above
Promise confidentiality
Explain to the participant how the results will be used
6
In Brewer & Treyens, the Ps who performed best were those who were:
Asked to write down everything they remembered
Asked to say "yes"/"no" to a list of items they might have seen
Asked to visualize what they had seen
Asked to draw everything they remembered
7
Which of the following is associated with the "in-group" vs. "out-group" distinction?
Positive self-concept
Social categorization
Group cooperation
Social comparison
8
A Catholic researcher studying atheists should engage in:
Coding
Inductive content analysis
Verbatim transcription
Reflexivity
9
Which of the following is NOT a method of enculturation?
Being exposed to people from other cultures
Participatory learning
Observational learning
Direct tuition
10
The Working Model of Memory (WMM) differs from the Multi-Store Model (MSM) in which significant way?
The WMM eliminates short-term memory
The WMM eliminates sensory memory
The WMM eliminates long-term memory
The WMM adds sensory memory
11
The basal ganglia are responsible for procedural memories like drawing or riding a bike, showing:
researcher triangulation
brain localization
data triangulation
method triangulation
12
Which of the following focuses on a combination of different sensory information (visual, auditory, etc.)?
The slave systems
The visuospatial sketchpad
The phonological loop
The episodic buffer
13
Storm et al (2016) found that when people successfully use Google, what happens?
They often realize that they can rely on their own memories
They often use Google again, even when they don't need to
They often replace reliance on friends' memories with Google
They often replace reliance on Google with friends' memo
14
Asch's original 1956 study suggests that people are LESS likely to conform when:
they're surrounded by other people
they're alone
there are many people who disagree with them
they think other people are smarter/more informed
15
Which of the following is typically NOT a factor that influences conformity?
Money
Group size
Gender
Unanimity of the group
16
Which of the following is NOT a research method?
Surveys
Case studies
Observations
Interviews
17
SCT argues that people can be motivated to replicate a behavior because of outcome expectancies OR:
attention
modeling
observations
vicarious reinforcement
18
Drugs that stimulate neurotransmission more than the body naturally would are:
antagonists
exogenous agonists
reuptake inhibitors
endogenous agonists
19
The study involving an fMRI and Ps' dopamine release after looking at photos of lovers was:
Draganski (2004)
Leyton (2014)
Fisher et al (2005)
Rogers & Kesner (2003)
20
The "grain of truth" hypothesis (Campbell, 1967) is related to:
Stereotype threat
Social Identity Theory
Stereotype formation
Spotlight anxiety
21
Kramer et al (2014) found that manipulating people's Facebook feeds could have which of the following effects?
Emotional contagion
The Google effect
The social comparison effect
The transactive memory effect
22
The diathesis-stress model argues that depression results from:
solely genetic factors
genetic predisposition & environmental stressors
mainly environmental factors (including environmental stressors)
mainly genetic factors
23
Which type of pheromone is responsible for behaviors like mating?
Excitatory
Signaling (releasers)
Primers
Inhibitory
24
Baumgartner et al (2008) used which of the following technologies?
fMRI scans
MRI scans
PET scans
CT scans
25
Ariely (2011) found that an increase in globalization led to:
less reliance on stereotypes
less nationalism and xenophobia
less of a sense of loyalty to one's own country
more nationalism and xenophobia
26
In which of the following observation types does the researcher risk losing objectivity?
Lab observation
Participant observation
Covert observation
Non-participant observation
27
Paula is researching group therapy, and asks Barbara, a patient, to recommend other clients she knows. This is...
purposive sampling
convenience/opportunity sampling
quota sampling
snowball/network sampling
28
Which of the following is *NOT* a limitation of Bandura et al's Bobo doll experiment?
The children had very limited exposure to the model
It has low ecological validity
It has low reliability
The children were intentionally frustrated in the experiment
29
Kaufman's 1991 case study indicates that:
women are likelier to embrace religion than men
religion may be a way of rejecting globalization
religion may be a way of accepting globalization
religion can be effectively balanced with globalization
30
Which of the following hypotheses is operationalized?
Drinking coffee wakes you up.
If you drink coffee in the morning, you'll feel excited
Drinking 8 oz. of espresso between 8 a.m. & noon increases heart rate
Drinking some coffee in the morning will make you feel excited
31
Brooke gets tense when interviewed by a stranger, but not when interviewed by her friend. This shows:
evaluative techniques
non-participant reactivity
participant reactivity
interviewer effects
32
Festinger et al's 1956 study was an example of a(n)...
interview
experiment
covert observation
overt observation
33
Which of these was the "lost in the mall" experiment?
Neisser & Harsch
Brown & Kulik
Loftus & Pickrell
Loftus & Palmer
34
A major limitation of Norasakkunkit & Uchida's 2014 study was that:
the sample consisted only of Ps at high risk of becoming hikikomori
the sample consisted only of Ps at low risk of becoming hikikomori
the sample consisted of people who had not been hikikomori
the sample consisted mainly of people who had not experienced globalization
35
Brown & Kulik's Flashbulb Memory Theory (1977) includes which of the following?
The Adrenaline Hypothesis
The Amygdala Hypothesis
The Special-Mechanism Hypothesis
The Somatic Marker Hypothesis
36
In Glanzer & Cunitz, Ps who were asked to recall words with no delay tended to:
remember the middle words, but not the first or last few
remember the first & last few words, but not the middle
remember all the words equally
remember the first few words, but not the middle or end
37
People who lack a "filter" and were unable to learn the strategy of the Iowa Gambling Task may illustrate:
post-event information
System 2 thinking
damage to the vmPFC
flashbulb memory
38
Warrington & Shallice's 1970 case study of KF showed what?
Brain damage from a motorcycle accident may cause amnesia
Visual & verbal information are processed separately
Brain damage from a motorcycle accident may cause Alzheimer's
Visual & verbal information are processed together
39
What did people who'd taken an oxytocin nasal spray do after a betrayal of trust?
They kept investing at a similar rate as before.
They waited until their partners no longer invested in them.
They invested in their partners less than before.
They stopped investing in their partners, but forgave them.
40
Neisser & Harsch revealed through their "Challenger" explosion study that:
FBM depends on the culture one is in
FBM does not exist
FBM is reliable
People's FBMs may be less accurate than they think
41
Cases et al (1995) studied aggression through:
monkeys living in Western Kenya
transgenic mice
children in New Zealand
monkeys exposed to cloth & wire mothers
42
Which ethical requirement comes FIRST?
Receiving informed consent from participants
Debriefing participants about a study
Getting IRB (Internal Review Board) approval
Promising confidentiality to participants
43
Scoville & Milner was significant because it showed which of the following?
Anterograde amnesia means people completely forget their pasts
Anterograde amnesia makes people forget procedures like tying their shoes
People can recover from anterograde amnesia in 3-5 years
The hippocampus plays a role in transferring STM to LTM
44
One major limitation of the multi-store model of memory is that:
it doesn't apply to memory in general
it's too focused on words
it doesn't explain memory distortions
it's too focused on long-term memory
45
Brady, whose study involved monkeys, concluded that:
"executive" monkeys experienced more stress than "yoked"
a soft touch was key to alleviating monkeys' stress
the lower monkeys were in the social hierarchy, the more stress they faced
"yoked" monkeys experienced more stress than "executive"
46
A limitation of etic studies is that...
researchers may assume their own culture is "normal"
procedures are highly standardized from one study to the next
these studies apply primarily to only one culture
these studies apply to a large number of cultures
47
Neural/synaptic pruning refers to:
the strengthening of neural connections over time
the transmission of chemicals across a gap
a decrease in dendritic branching over time
an increase in dendritic branching over time
48
According to Chou & Edge (2014), the more time you spend on Facebook, the likelier you are to report being:
happy with your life
moderately satisfied with your life
impressed with others' lives
unhappy with your life
49
In an interview, "Can you explain what you meant by X?" is what type of question?
descriptive
structured
evaluative
contrasting
50
Allport & Postman (1947) show which of the following effects of stereotyping?
Spotlight anxiety
Stereotype threat
Memory distortion
Evaluation apprehension
51
Olivia uses the 10 people who live closest to her as her sample. This is...
self-selected sampling
opportunity/convenience sampling
quota sampling
random sampling
52
Rogers & Kesner injected rats with scopolamine, which is a(n)...
agonist
antagonist
placebo
neuron
53
Expecting Irish people to be outspoken because their culture is individualistic shows...
the masculinity/femininity dichotomy
the ecological fallacy
in-group favoritism
Social Cognitive Theory
54
Sapolsky and Shivley & Day:
contradicted Brady's findings
confirmed Brady's findings
were not as ethical as Brady in their research
showed that monkeys can learn & teach sign language
55
In linkage analysis/gene mapping, researchers examine DNA looking for:
polymorphisms
genomes
GWAS
behaviors
56
One strength of naturalistic observations is that they have:
high ecological validity
high generalizability
high participant reactivity
low ecological validity
57
Raison & Miller (2012) found a connection between:
kinship & depression
inflammation & depression
serotonin & depression
insomnia & depression
58
Which of the following is a null hypothesis?
Music has no effect on Ps' recall of words
Music decreases Ps' recall of words
Music increases Ps' recall of words
Ps' recall of words depends on the type of music they hear
59
Rereading a transcript & listing out themes is known as:
Inductive content analysis
Post-mortem transcription
Verbatim transcription
Reflexivity
60
How are qualitative & quantitative research different?
QUANT doesn't begin with a hypothesis; QUAL does
QUANT focuses on interviews & observations
QUAL doesn't begin with a hypothesis; QUANT does
QUAL focuses on research & data collection
61
Which of the following matches of study & hormone is correct?
Baumgartner -- oxytocin
Newcomer -- testosterone
Dabbs -- adrenaline
Cahill & McGaugh -- cortisol
62
Delafosse et al's 1993 study suggests that:
people in the Ivory Coast may feel negative effects of globalization
people in the Ivory Coast typically don't experience identity confusion
people in the Ivory Coast don't feel the negative effects of globalization
other areas experience neg effects of glob more than the Ivory Coast
63
A utilitarian would most likely believe which of the following?
Animals should be legally protected from abuse
Animals should receive the same basic protections as humans
It's better to save a person than an animal
It's better to save an animal than a person
64
When Ps are randomly allocated to only one condition of an experiment, it's a(n)...
field experiment
true experiment
independent samples design
repeated measures design
65
Which of the following refers to taking different approaches to the same task?
Post-Mortem Transcription
Reflexivity
Triangulation
Inductive Content Analysis
66
This term means that the individual and the group both affect one another.
The Asch paradigm
Overt observations
Reciprocal determinism
Social Identity Theory
67
According to Lueck & Wilson (2010), which type of family is likeliest to experience acculturative stress?
Families with shared beliefs and values
Bilingual families
"English-only" families
Families with large social networks
68
The term for when people unknowingly fill in gaps in their memory based on other past experiences is...
post-event information
the wording effect
the misinformation effect
the leading question effect
69
Term for a highly unusual case study that can't be generalized:
Intrinsic
Triangulated
Instrumental
Reflexive
70
A strength of Odden & Rochat (2004) is that the researchers:
used method triangulation
took an etic approach to their work
found evidence of Social Identity Theory
focused on gender issues within Samoan culture
71
"Inferential generalization" refers to...
Applying findings to other groups
Applying findings to only the sample population
Applying findings to the whole group that was studied
Applying findings to other theories/concepts
72
A type of brain imaging tech that only shows brain structure, not function, is:
MRI scans
CT scans
PET scans
fMRI scans
73
When Mr. Kaplan is being observed, he teaches differently, reflecting...
a matched pairs design
hypothesis-testing
confounding variables
demand characteristics
74
Sharot et al's 2007 study of 9/11 focused on the correlation between FBM and...
proximity to an event
confidence in one's memory
post-event information
damage to the vmPFC
75
Caspi et al (2003) found that:
People with long 5-HTT alleles may be predisposed to depression
DZ twins are likelier to suffer from depression than MZ twins
People with short 5-HTT alleles may be predisposed to depression
MZ twins have a higher concordance rate for depression than DZ twins
76
Data on the digital world is often collected through online surveys. Which of the following is NOT a limitation?
Low population validity
The social desirability effect
Ethical issues like debriefing
Sampling bias
77
Rogoff & Waddell's study of culture and schema theory revealed that:
Culture does not seem to play a role in memory
Mayan kids recalled the details of a village better than U.S. kids
There was no real difference in recall between American & Mayan kids
U.S. kids recalled the details of a village better than Mayan kids
78
Field experiments are useful because they...
are easy for researchers to control
have high ecological validity
are easy to replicate
use only a small sample size
79
LeDoux's study of the amygdala's role in the fear response was obtained through:
brain lesioning in rats
experiments involving monkeys
observations of monkeys
longitudinal studies of animals
80
Berry (1967) found which of the following?
Culture is a form of "mental software"
Collectivistic societies have a strong power distance index
People in collectivistic societies are likely to conform to others
People in individualistic societies are likely to conform to others
