BIO 182 Final Exam Review

Biologists use genetic differences to distinguish and identify microbial species and genes present in a complex ______

Who Am I? An economist that says that only a fraction of any population will survive and reproduce

Animals have unique ___ that hold cells in place and facilitate communication

A flowering plant has two multicellular life cycle stages. The second one being:

This has two cotyledons

prevailing weather pattern in a region is referred to as

Fruits develop from _____ and sometimes other parts

Eudicots and monocots differ in the structure of their

Study of succession on islands

Origin of land plants essential for

Eudicots have ______ root systems.

Tree-dwelling species that evolved from a group of small, arboreal, insect-eating mammals about 85 million years ago

____ is the genetic makeup of an organism. ______ is a description of traits that an organism displays

Bacteria in the guts of tunicates produce defensive molecules and are potential sources of antibiotics that control

CO2 has a ___ warming potential per unit of gas, but its concentration in the atmosphere is much ____

They provide a source of genetic variation, but other factors are more important in determining allele frequencies

___ often have parallel leaf venations

What tends to reduce differences in allele frequencies between the two populations?

Species- a group of individuals whose members have potential to interbreed with one another to produce viable offspring

Two alleles segregate during the process that gives rise to gametes, so every gamete receives only one allele

Which of Mendel's laws cannot be observed in a single-factor cross?

Differences in temperature occur due to _____ variations in solar radiation

Animals have a unique cell structure. In that they have: (ii) An extensive ___ that provides structural support

The Concept of an Ecological Footprint Helps Estimate ____

Biological diversity or ___ encompasses the genetic diversity of species, their variety, and the ecosystems they form

Complete competitors cannot coexist. This principle is called:

Gut bacterial species in termites allow

Members of a species within same range diverge into 2 or more diff species despite no physical barriers to interbreeding

What changes allelic frequency due to random chance?

Movement of water across a membrane to balance solute concentrations is referred to as

_____ or ____ cells are more fragile and will die if membrane ruptures

Most (99.9%) human variation is in the form of

This floral organ often functions to protect unopened flower bud. What is it?

Vertebrates are distinguished by having chordate features as well as

MacArthur and Wilson developed the ______

Two types of simple models for population growth, based on whether resources are limiting:

Process in which beneficial traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations

An increase in Earth’s average surface temperature

Diverse communities are buffered from the impacts of disturbance, more so than communities of low diversity

Tendency for two species to diverge in morphology and resource use due to competition

Distinguishing Characteristics of Mammals include

Number of species in each community

Study of biological diversity and the evolutionary relationships among organisms, both extinct and modern

Biologically diverse systems are more stable than those with fewer species

Their defining features are flowers and fruits. Also called “Enclosed seeds”. There are seeds within fruits.

A group of interbreeding individuals occupying the same habitat at the same time is referred to as

Most biologists agree animal kingdom is ______

What occurred 543 to 490 million years ago and caused an abrupt increase in diversity of animal species?

A particular assemblage of microbes and genes that occurs in a defined environment

Robert MacArthur examined coexistence between five species of ___ feeding within spruce trees in New England

Way to define the concept of a species and/or provide an approach to distinguish one species from another

Science of describing, naming, and classifying living and extinct organisms and viruses

Most species are redundant, they take up space but do not add to ecosystem diversity

Ecosystem function changes unpredictably as the diversity of the system changes

Can occur when a continuous population becomes divided by natural selection and adaptive radiation

A flowering plant has two multicellular life cycle stages. The first one being:

Process of maintaining a relatively stable internal environment despite changes in external surroundings

Site where many fossils from the Cambrian period were found – decomposition was minimal

Ctenophores have rows of ____ on surface beat for propulsion

In the experiment, gut microbiomes from stunted donors ____ the growth of mice

Ctenophores have interconnected ____ with no central ____ organ

Number of species of most taxa varies according to ____

A new species can be formed by two mechanisms. In 1 of them, a a species diverges into two or more species. What is it?

Ctenophores use gastrovascular cavity for _____

Study of genes and genotypes in a population

Global patterns of atmospheric circulation and precipitation are influenced by _____

main advantage alternation of generations gives to species?

What is one characteristic of a Type II survivorship curve pattern?

Ecosystem function plummets as soon as a critical species is lost from the system

Our level of genetic variation is ____ than most species of mammals whose genomes have been sequenced

Diagram that describes phylogeny: A hypothesis of evolutionary relationships among various species

This has one cotyledon

Average ecological footprint size is about _____

Animals have a unique cell structure. In that they have: (i) ___ cell walls.

Heritable change in one or more characteristics of a population or species from one generation to the next

Who are the earliest animals?

They produce seeds that are exposed rather than enclosed in fruits. Also called “Naked seeds”

The study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environments is referred to as

Fertilization occurs after ____?

___ is microscopic in flowering plants. It grows and develops within flowers of angiosperms. It is haploid.

Differentiation of niches, both in space and time, that enables similar species to coexist in a community

What are the mechanisms of microevolution?

Mammals have ___ inner ear bones

This survivorship curve pattern includes many fishes, marine invertebrates, insects, and plants

long middle portion of flower

Additional common features of vertebrates include

Hutchinson compared size differences in feeding characters between __ and __ species

Formation of new species or groups of species

What does this image depict?

________ is the large “plant” in flowering plants and is diploid

The alleles of different genes assort independently of each other during the process that gives rise to gametes

The greenhouse effect is caused mainly by these factors among others

Major biomes are determined by ____ and _____

One sperm fertilizes egg to become an embryo. The other sperm fuses with different gametophyte tissue to form endosperm.

In this survivorship curve pattern, the rate of loss of juveniles is low and most individuals lost later in life

Evolutionary history of a species or group of species

Changes in a single gene in a population over time

What do we refer to the formation of a new species as? Underlying cause of which is the accumulation of genetic changes

A common way to predict the outcome of simple genetic crosses is

Cells form ____ which in turn form ____