Pragmatics is the study of

how structures and contexts produce meaning

shallow, seeks close correspondence with the speech sounds of a language

Noun phrase thematic roles: RECIPIENT

that which receives a physical object

Semantic relations refer to

markedness, metaphor, hyponymy/meronymy

Noun phrase thematic roles: CAUSE

natural force that brings about a change of state

Types of speech acts: Commissives

commit a speaker to a course of action

Temporal deixis refers to

before, last year, tomorrow, now

In English, fronting serves what purpose?

creates sent. 1 from the structure of sent. 2 which has same meaning

Contexts relevant to pragmatics include which of the following

cultural background of lang. users, given information, social situation of lang. use, identities of lang. users

Linguistic isolation refers to

groups of speakers relatively isolated from one another

Language revitalization refers to

attempts to reverse language shift processes

Types of speech acts: Directives

get the addressee to carry out an action

Speech Act Theory refers to

how action is carried out through lang.

What do we have to thank this guy (Gotllob Frege) for?

intensional and extensional meaning, sinn und bedeutung

Language contact refers to

speakers coming into regular contact with one another

In English, passivization requires a(n)

interchange of the subject NP and direct object NP

Felicity conditions include:

appropriate social credentials of those participating in procedures, correct, complete execution of procedure, existence of procedures that include the utterance of certain words, alignment of intentions and frames of reference of participants

Covert prestige refers to

respect given to non-standard variety of language by a given social group

Nonphonemic orthography

deep, speakers rely on conventions to understand grapheme-sound relationships

Textual deixis refers to

utterance only understood with respect to other utterances

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Duplicate of Linguistic Semantics and Pragmatics

137 termsStudBud Administration1 play

Test your knowledge on the study of meaning in language, from semantics to pragmatics, and explore the concepts of sense and referential meaning.

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Questions 137

Answers

1
Pragmatics is the study of
meaning
how structures and contexts produce meaning
language structures
syntax
2
"a sentence with a grammatical structure and referential meaning representing an utterance" refers to
intention
locution
perlocutionary act
location
3
Phonemic orthography
shallow
deep
seeks close correspondence with the speech sounds of a language
speakers rely on conventions to understand grapheme-sound relationships
4
Lexical semantics focuses on:
word meaning
morpheme meaning
utterance meaning
phrasal meaning
5
Noun phrase thematic roles: RECIPIENT
initiator of the action
that which receives a physical object
affected by the verb and undergoes a change of state
that for which an action is performed
6
speech style associated with a recurrent situation, e.g. academic
code
variety
accent
register
language
dialect
7
A performative can be said to be felicitous is it is
false
effective
accurate
true
8
Semantic relations refer to
markedness
simile
metaphor
tone
hyponymy/meronymy
lexicon
9
Noun phrase thematic roles: CAUSE
natural force that brings about a change of state
initiator of the action
time at which an action or state occurs
a tool with which agent performs action
10
"The sequence of spoken or written utterances that 'go together' in a particular context" refers to
intention
discourse
performativity
information structure
11
Performativity refers to 'acting' while performance refers to fact that communication has series of realized effects
False
True
12
All deictic terms are
contextual signs
syntactic signs
grammatical signs
indexical signs
13
Writing system in which only consonants are represented, leaving the vowel sounds to be inferred by the reader
logographic
abugida/alphasyllabary
abjad
syllabary
14
Types of speech acts: Commissives
bring about state of affairs they name
commit a speaker to a course of action
get the addressee to carry out an action
represent a state of affairs
15
Sister languages are the result of divergence from a single language family
False
True
16
Temporal deixis refers to
I, you, we, she, it, this person, Your Honor
utterance only understood with respect to other utterances
before, last year, tomorrow, now
this, that, here, there
17
Changes in speech situation can lead to code switching
True
False
18
"what speakers intend to accomplish by making an utterance" refers to the
perlocutionary act
illocution
locution
performative utterance
19
Writing system that represents the distinctive phonetic features of sounds
abjad
alphabet
featural
logographic
20
Koineization: linguistic process where mutually intelligible language varieties converge into a koine
False
True
21
In English, fronting serves what purpose?
presents no new information
creates sent. 1 from the structure of sent. 2 which has same meaning
creates a sentence from another with an unrelated meaning
to be confusing
22
Speech acts are primarily
a report of reality
true or false
nonreferential
inconsequential
23
Contexts relevant to pragmatics include which of the following
cultural background of lang. users
given information
social situation of lang. use
identities of lang. users
24
Linguistic isolation refers to
groups of speakers relatively isolated from one another
when a group of speakers abandon one language in favor of another
speakers coming into regular contact with one another
when a single language develops into several languages
25
If the same phonetic form can be written in more than one way, an orthography is
ambiguous
indeterminate
26
Practice of designing, arranging graphemes in stylistically coherent, aesthetic, and socially meaningful ways
typography
orthography
calligraphy
paleography
27
Language revitalization refers to
attempts to reverse language shift processes
when a group of languages become more alike through contact
when a single language develops into several languages
when a group of speakers abandon one language in favor of another
28
Which is an example of gradable antonyms
up/down
hot/cold
yes/no
in/out
29
Types of speech acts: Directives
represent a state of affairs
commit a speaker to a course of action
bring about state of affairs they name
get the addressee to carry out an action
30
Speech Act Theory refers to
how lang. structure is different from lang.-in-use
how action is carried out through lang.
how grammar influences meaning
how gender performance influences social meaning
31
Semantics is the study of
language structures
meaning
syntax
how structures and contexts produce meaning
32
The distinction between sense and referential meaning is relevant to pragmatics
True
False
33
What do we have to thank this guy (Gotllob Frege) for?
intensional and extensional meaning
sinn und bedeutung
affective, social, sentence, and utterance meaning
his beautiful voice
34
Parent and daughter languages are representative of a larger language family
False
True
35
Noun phrase thematic roles: AGENT
experiences a physical or mental sensation
affected by the verb and undergoes a change of state
initiator of the action
that for which an action is performed
36
Which describes a meronymic/part-whole relationship
diva, female version of a hustler
car: wheel, tire, mirror
TV dogs: Jake, Scooby-doo, Courage
come, go
37
Language contact refers to
when a single language develops into several languages
when a group of speakers abandon one language in favor of another
speakers coming into regular contact with one another
groups of speakers relatively isolated from one another
38
Language as an abstract system of signification
accent
dialect
code
language
variety
39
In English, passivization requires a(n)
interchange of the subject NP and direct object NP
retainment of subject NP position
agent
40
"Group of languages related by descent from a (reconstructed) common ancestor" refers to
Language Families
Sprachbund
Endangered Languages
Dialect Continua
41
Types of speech acts: Verdictives
represent a state of affairs
indicate speaker’s psychological state/attitude
make assessments or judgments
bring about state of affairs they name
42
Felicity conditions include:
appropriate social credentials of those participating in procedures
correct, complete execution of procedure
existence of procedures that include the utterance of certain words
alignment of intentions and frames of reference of participants
43
Covert prestige refers to
slang, jargon, argot
respect given to non-standard variety of language by a given social group
respect given to standard language users
a type of legalese
44
Nonphonemic orthography
shallow
seeks close correspondence with the speech sounds of a language
deep
speakers rely on conventions to understand grapheme-sound relationships
45
"It was a very strange sight that Stan saw at the party." is an example of an
pseudocleft
it-cleft
focus-fronting
left-dislocation
46
Lexical semantics studies how meaning emerges from combining lexical items into phrases
False
True
47
Textual deixis refers to
I, you, we, she, it, this person, Your Honor
before, last year, tomorrow, now
utterance only understood with respect to other utterances
this, that, here, there
48
representation of an idea where relation between symbol and meaning is conventional
pictogram
ideogram
49
A fully grammatical language, may or may not have developed from pidgin, usually has native speakers
pidgin
mixed language
creole
50
Areal features are the features that differ between languages in a sprachbund
True
False
51
Speech situation: significant situational factors of conversation (purpose, topic, and social relations)
True
False
52
Deontic modality expresses
speaker's attitude towards truth/probability of their assertions
obligation, permission, or suggestion
time reference of the clause
durability or completion of an action
53
"Patience, you must have" (italics = new info) is an example of
clefting
left-dislocation
topicalization
focus-fronting
54
A semantic field refers to
a set of words with an identifiable semantic affinity
referential, emotive, conative, phatic, metalingual, poetic functions
a group of words that come from the same root
tense, mood, and aspect of an utterance
55
Referential or not: Bro, do you even like gnarly beats?
non-referential
referential
56
Noun phrase thematic roles: TEMPORAL
a tool with which agent performs action
time at which an action or state occurs
the location of action or state
natural force that brings about a change of state
57
Writing system where letters represent individual phonemes in a language
syllabary
abjad
logographic
alphabet
58
Which describes synonymy
piccolo, pequeño, little
bush, shrub, hedge
gnarly, groovy, zesty
black and blue/ white and gold
59
Noun phrase thematic roles: INSTRUMENT
natural force that brings about a change of state
a tool with which agent performs action
time at which an action or state occurs
that for which an action is performed
60
The tense-modality-aspect system is a grammatical system of function words/morphemes to express exactly what you think
False
True
61
This is an example of a _____ noun phrase: Alan: Are you wearing crocs? Beth: No, I'm wearing birks.
new information
oppositional
contrastive
contrapositive
62
A deictic term
have referents that depend on the contexts of use
only refers to the speaker
refers to pragmatics
are standard across all languages
63
When mapping, dialect boundaries are precursors to isoglosses
False
True
64
Spatial deixis refers to
this, that, here, there
I, you, we, she, it, this person, Your Honor
before, last year, tomorrow, now
utterance only understood with respect to other utterances
65
Reference is
concerned with ability of expressions to refer to real-world entities
concerned with the context of an utterance
the same as definiteness
something required for a job application
66
Writing system in which consonant–vowel sequences are written as units
syllabary
abjad
abugida/alphasyllabary
logographic
67
Sociolect
refers to lang. variety associated with an ethnic group
refers to lang. variety associated with social class
used in reference to regional speech varieties
68
"Patience, you must have" (italics = new info) is an example of
clefting
focus-fronting
left-dislocation
topicalization
69
Relexification: speakers preserve grammar of superstrate lang. and adopt lexicon from the substrate lang.
False
True
70
Linguistic Diffusion refers to the process where linguistic features spread among languages in contact
True
False
71
Grammatical relations are dependent on thematic role
False
True
72
Semantic relations refer to
homonymy/polysemy
Converseness
lexicon
simile
synonymy/antonymy
tone
73
Which is an example of a hyponymic relationship
face: eye, nose
color, tint, hue
movie, film, flick
color: black and yellow
74
Dialects can be easily geographically situated by isoglosses
False
True
75
Creolization refers to
“Mixing” of features that result a distinct cultural, linguistic system
Process of racial miscegenation
Restructuring of linguistic codes as a language is nativized
76
speech style associated with a particular region (not usually a country)
register
accent
variety
language
code
dialect
77
symbolic representation of an idea where concept and visual physically resemble each other
ideogram
pictogram
78
What is an example of referential meaning?
the conceptual category of parties
the party you will throw when you're done with this exam
79
Noun phrase thematic roles: PATIENT
initiator of the action
a tool with which agent performs action
that which receives a physical object
affected by the verb and undergoes a change of state
80
1. The cat was drinking a coca-cola; 2. A cat was drinking the coca-cola
1. definite, definite 2. definite, definite
1. definite, indefinite; 2. indefinite, definite
1. indefinite, indefinite; 2. definite, definite
1. indefinite, definite 2. definite, indefinite
81
What is an example of sense meaning?
the conceptual category of jam bands
the jam band I can hear on the other side of my wall
82
Conditions under which a declarative utterance is effective as a particular speech act refer to
locution
speech acts
appropriateness conditions
felicity conditions
83
Topic: element of the sentence that says something new; Comment: what a sentence is about
True
False
84
Aspect of a verb refers to
obligation, permission, or suggestion
time reference of the clause
speaker's attitude towards truth/probability of their assertions
durability or completion of an action
85
Writing system where symbols represent words, not syllables
alphabet
abjad
syllabary
logographic
86
Tense of a verb expresses
speaker's attitude towards truth/probability of their assertions
time reference of the clause
durability or completion of an action
obligation, permission, or suggestion
87
"a distribution of variants where there are no discrete boundaries for mutual intelligibility" refers to
Endangered Languages
Sprachbund
Dialect Continua
Language Families
88
Wh-movement asks for new information
True
False
89
Language isolates
need to be revitalized
are the products of language contact
have no genealogical relationship to other languages
are part of a family but are not parent or sister languages
90
Referential or not: Ok girl, this is one gnarly beat.
non-referential
referential
91
Types of speech acts: Representatives
represent a state of affairs
commit a speaker to a course of action
get the addressee to carry out an action
bring about state of affairs they name
92
Which is an example of a polysemous word
guitar
get
light
dazzling
93
Divergence refers to
when a group of speakers abandon one language in favor of another
groups of speakers relatively isolated from one another
speakers coming into regular contact with one another
when a single language develops into several languages
94
Allographs are variants users of a writing system recognize to be variants of the same grapheme (a vs A)
False
True
95
What is an example of a semantic field
tennis, mug, IKEA
one bourbon, one scotch, one beer
movie, silly straw, polaroid
cat, dog, chair
96
Which is an example of a homograph?
bear/bare
bow
see/sea
wind
97
Noun phrase thematic roles: LOCATIVE
the location of action or state
natural force that brings about a change of state
a tool with which agent performs action
time at which an action or state occurs
98
Pragmatics focuses on:
utterance meaning
morpheme meaning
phrasal meaning
sentence meaning
99
Ethnolect
refers to lang. variety associated with an ethnic group
refers to lang. variety associated with social class
used in reference to regional speech varieties
100
Language shift refers to
when a group of languages become more alike through contact
when a group of speakers abandon one language in favor of another
speakers coming into regular contact with one another
when a single language develops into several languages
101
Convergence refers to
when a group of speakers abandon one language in favor of another
when a single language develops into several languages
speakers coming into regular contact with one another
when a group of languages become more alike through contact
102
Orthography:
must be nonphonemic
must be phonemic
does not include punctuation and capitalization
denotes conventions for using a particular writing system to produce texts
103
speech style associated with a particular social group, e.g. British variety of English
accent
variety
language
dialect
code
104
A grammatically simplified language developed for temporary means of communication such as trade
pidgin
creole
mixed language
105
system of pronunciation marking someone’s speech as coming from a particular social group or region
register
dialect
language
variety
code
accent
106
"languages with few or no native speakers or those who are at risk to switching to another language" refers to
Dialect Continua
Sprachbund
Language Families
Endangered Languages
107
A noun phrase is referential when:
speakers assume that addressee can identify its referent
it's accurate
it uses "a" instead of "the"
it refers to a particular entity
108
Compositional semantics focuses on:
morpheme meaning
phrasal meaning
sentence meaning
utterance meaning
109
yes/no clarifies given information
False
True
110
language of subordinated group that contributes grammatical base (syntax, phonology, morphology) to creole languages
Substrate languages
Superstrate languages
111
If the same written form can be pronounced in multiple ways, an orthography is
ambiguous
indeterminate
112
"The relationship between an utterance and its context" refers to
discourse
performativity
information structure
intention
113
a speech style selected by elites as the nation-state’s written standard, e.g. American English
variety
code
language
register
dialect
accent
114
the language that is the source of most of the lexicon used in a Creole language
Substrate language
Superstrate language
Lexifier language
Pidgin language
115
New information is assumed by the speaker to be
inferable by the addressee
previously established in the discourse
common/shared knowledge
unknown to the addressee
116
Writing systems are
synonymous with orthography
used to visually/ texturally represent speech sounds or semantic meanings
organized systems of graphemes
synonymous with calligraphy
117
An unmarked meaning refers to the
optional/derived
subordinate
temporal significance
baseline
118
Types of speech acts: Expressives
make assessments or judgments
indicate speaker’s psychological state/attitude
bring about state of affairs they name
represent a state of affairs
119
A fully grammatical languages that arise in communities of fully bilingual speakers of two source languages
creole
mixed language
pidgin
120
A marked meaning refers to the
modality
baseline
temporal significance
optional/derived
121
Which describes converseness
mother/daughter
alive/dead
give/receive
near, far, wherever you are
122
Pragmatics focuses on
performativity
discourse
information structure
intention
123
What are two kinds of linguistic semantics?
sentence
compositional
lexical
affective
124
Writing system where each symbol represents a syllable
syllabary
abugida/alphasyllabary
logographic
abjad
125
Types of speech acts: Declarations
get the addressee to carry out an action
represent a state of affairs
bring about state of affairs they name
commit a speaker to a course of action
126
Epistemic modality expresses
speaker's attitude towards truth/probability of their assertions
durability or completion of an action
time reference of the clause
obligation, permission, or suggestion
127
What's an example of metaphor
cat :: dog
world :: stage
"I've come to see how..."
fish :: bowl
128
Thematic roles are not constrained by grammatical relations
False
True
129
Compositional syntactic operations encode pragmatic info, but meaning is context-dependent
True
False
130
Which is an example of a homophone?
bass
ate/eight
write/right
crane
131
Personal deixis refers to
I, you, we, she, it, this person, Your Honor
before, last year, tomorrow, now
utterance only understood with respect to other utterances
this, that, here, there
132
"Holly, I can't stand her" vs "I can't stand Holly" is an example of
topicalization
left-dislocation
clefting
focus-fronting
133
Noun phrase thematic roles: BENEFACTIVE
that which receives a physical object
affected by the verb and undergoes a change of state
initiator of the action
that for which an action is performed
134
Noun phrase thematic roles: EXPERIENCER
a tool with which agent performs action
that which receives a physical object
experiences a physical or mental sensation
affected by the verb and undergoes a change of state
135
A noun phrase is definite when:
it's accurate
its referent is general
speakers assume that addressee can identify its referent
it uses "a" instead of "the"
136
1. I want a bowl of mashed potatoes, but I don't have the ingredients 2. I got a bowl of mashed potatoes from the deece
1. nonreferential 2. referential
1. nonreferential 2. nonreferential
1. referential 2. referential
1. referential 2. nonreferential
137
"area where varieties have converged due to extensive language contact" refers to
Endangered Languages
Sprachbund
Dialect Continua
Language Families

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