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Experimental design Flashcards | StudBud
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Experimental design
Experimental design
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1
What is the primary purpose of inferential statistics in biological research?
Predicting or generalizing results from a sample to a population
Organizing numerical variables into bins
Identifying the mode of a data set
Displaying raw data in graphs
2
What type of bias results from tools/instruments consistently giving incorrect readings?
Selection bias
Recall bias
Observer bias
Measurement bias
3
What does the standard deviation tell us about a dataset?
The most frequent value
The number of categories in the data
The relationship between two variables
How spread out the values are from the mean
4
Which measure of central tendency is most appropriate when a dataset is skewed?
Mean
Standard deviation
Mode
Median
5
Which of the following best describes the purpose of descriptive statistics?
To test hypotheses using inferential techniques
To make predictions about a population
To determine sample size for experiments
To summarize and present collected data
6
Which of the following is an example of selection bias?
Using uncalibrated instruments
Assigning observers who know the hypothesis
Publishing only significant results
Choosing only high-biodiversity reefs for study on biodiversity
7
How can observer bias be minimized in experimental research?
Ignoring subjective observations
Applying blinding techniques and standardized scoring
Allowing observers to know the treatment groups
Using only one observer
8
A scientist wants to show how the zooplankton count changes with salinity. What is the most suitable graph?
Scatter plot
Box-whisker plot
Histogram
Pie chart
9
What is the main goal of experimental design in biological research?
To publish results in high-impact journals
To establish cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating variables
To observe natural phenomena in the wild
To describe existing ecological patterns
10
Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?
Median
Range
Mode
Mean
11
Which design involves no random assignment and uses naturally occurring groups?
True experimental design
Quasi-experimental design
Pre-experimental design
Observational study
12
Which of the following is NOT a key component of a well-structured experiment?
Comparison between treatment and control groups
Random assignment of participants
Use of multiple observational timepoints only
Manipulation of the independent variable
13
What is one advantage of using graphs in data presentation?
They allow for hypothesis testing
They reduce variability in data
They eliminate the need for statistical analysis
They make it easier to spot patterns and outliers
14
A marine biologist wants to show the percentage of different coral types on a reef. Which graph should they use?
Pie Chart
Scatter Plot
Bar Graph
Line Graph
15
Which experimental design is best for making strong causal inferences?
True experimental
Quasi-experimental
Pre-experimental
Observational
