Q61: Historians disagreeing with Stromberg arguing the French Rev was based on Enlightenment values would cite which?

The issuing of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Q12: The activities shown in image 2 were most directly a result of which of the following developments in France?

Louis’s expansion of monarch administrative & finance control over France

Q79: The first two parts of the preamble best support which of following conclusions about French Revolution’s goals?

The revolutionaries wanted to transform the traditional political order.

Q60: Marxist historian arguing against contention regarding sans-culottes in first para. would cite which as evidence?

Sans-culottes’ identity as rooted in their socioeconomic status

Q29: The third paragraph was most likely intended to argue in favor of which of the following?

The view that religious belief was a private rather than a public matter

Q43: Which best represents the immediate goal of political dissidents in the German states, such as depicted in Image 2?

Overthrow reactionary regimes of Restoration, done at Congress of Vienna

Q9: Which of the following best summarizes the advice given by Frederick William in the third paragraph?

Alliances are useful, but a state should rely on its own strength.

Q39: A historian wishing to evaluate the usefulness would be interested in all the following questions except:

What was the typical amount of labor required to run a printing press?

Q50: Which of the following would best explain the appeal of Fascism in France alluded to in the passage?

Political instability in France after the First World War

Q34: Compared with a late-nineteenth-century Social Darwinist view of the world, Voltaire’s view in the passage is

less reliant on notions of European cultural superiority

Q46: In subsequent years, the French government used the institutions created by the decree to

attempt to spread French Revolutionary ideals throughout Europe

Q66: Based on data in Source 1, all likely influenced French legislators in passing the laws EXCEPT a concern that

supporting a large number of small schools was economically inefficient

Q73: The changes in Russia described in the second paragraph most directly resulted in which of the following?

Expansion of urban centers in Russia

Q27: Frederick’s testament was most likely intended to justify which of the following?

Prussia’s adoption of enlightened absolutism

Q25: Which would most directly undermine Copernicus’ hope that the papacy would be receptive to his arguments?

The trial of Galileo for publishing heretical works

Q57: Which of the following would most directly transform the production method depicted in the image?

The mechanization of manufacturing

Q24: Which of the following later developments would best support Copernicus’ claim regarding the motion of the spheres?

Kepler’s formulation of the laws of planetary motion

Q35: Descartes’ understanding of the human body, as shown in the image, is most similar to which of the following?

Newton’s notion of a mechanistic universe

Q52: Impetus for labor reforms described by the author are best understood in which of the following political contexts?

The increasing influence of public opinion and mass political parties

Q3: Bentham’s argument exemplifies which of the following processes at work in eighteenth-century Europe?

The loosening of traditional moral restrictions on economic activity.

Q20: William’s description of his status within the English government is best explained by which of the following?

Assertion of parliamentary supremacy over monarchy in English government

Q76: A historian would most likely use the passage as evidence for which of the following in the nineteenth century?

The economic conditions of educated middle- and upper-class women

Q37: Addition to political pamphlets described in passage, which did the most to turn public opinion against Old Regime?

Discussions in French salons and coffeehouses

Q21: Influence of Newton’s methodology described in passage is best understood in the context of which of the following?

Spreading influence of thought associated with the Scientific Revolution

Q36: The image demonstrates which of the following regarding scientific advances in early modern Europe?

Information found by dissection to conceptualize body as integral system

Q14: Which of the following most directly influenced Richelieu’s views on the power of the king?

Challenges posed to the French government during uprisings by the nobility.

Q80: The leaders of the rest of Europe saw the ideas in the preamble as a threat because

Ideas threatened to transform social & political hierarchies of Europe

Q48: Weber’s argument linking Fascism and Jacobinism implies that he was influenced by which of the following?

Marxist materialist analysis of social change and historical development

Q54: Disparity on 1910 map between eastern region of Europe and western & central regions was primarily result of which?

Differences in landholding patterns and agricultural practices

Q6: The features of seventeenth-century Dutch life reflected in the painting were largely a result of which?

Dutch financial innovation and overseas trade.

Q32: The ideas expressed in the passage best illustrate which of the following about Enlightenment intellectuals?

Believed discoveries of new science = new approach to social/cultural issue

Q33: Voltaire's mockery of notion of one true religion in second para. of passage is most directly influenced by which?

Aware of cultural diversity, gained by scientific exploring & traveler

Q16: Which of the following overall trends is indicated by the data in the table?

Europe was more urbanized in 1700 than it was in 1500.

Q28: Frederick's concerns could be understood as argument against which development when he wrote Political Testament?

An increasing emphasis on popular sovereignty in European political thought

Q8: Which of the following best summarizes the advice given by Frederick William in the second paragraph?

Cultivate good relations with your neighbors in case of disputes.

Q47: Which features of the French Revolution would best support Weber’s argument comparing Fascism to Jacobinism?

The economic price and wage controls imposed during the Reign of Terror

Q5: The painting reflects which of the following conflicts?

Traditional morality versus new consumerism.

Q75: Which of the following best explains the movement of women into the teaching profession in the nineteenth century?

Education of kids in school was increasingly respected occupation for women

Q19: William’s claim regarding James’s “design” in first paragraph is best explained by which following development?

Conflict between Catholic Stuart monarch and Protestant Parliament interest

Q42: A historian would be most likely to use the two images as evidence that the Napoleonic Wars

inspired nationalist sentiment in both Germany and Spain

Q31: In 1815 the immediate political result of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars was

the reestablishment of conservative monarchies across much of Europe

Q77: The career possibilities for educated women changed the most during which of the following periods?

The post-Second World War period

Q7: Which of the following best summarizes the advice given by Frederick William in the first paragraph?

Helping the people will strengthen the state.

Q13: Richelieu’s ideas best reflect which of the following developments in Europe during the 1600s?

The creation of new systems of government that centralized state power.

Q26: Copernicus’ citation of Cicero and Plutarch was likely intended to counter which of the following ideas?

Use of classical authorities to support traditional views of natural world

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Unit 2 Prep Exam

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1
Q51: Changes in working hours described in passage are explained by which developments of the late nineteenth century?
Agricultural and transportation improvements
Government and private reforms
Laissez-faire economic policies
Population growth and urbanization
2
Q61: Historians disagreeing with Stromberg arguing the French Rev was based on Enlightenment values would cite which?
Suppression of counterrevolutionary peasant revolt in Vendée of France
Concordat of 1801 between French government and Roman Catholic Church
The issuing of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
The French attempts to suppress the revolt in the colony of Saint Domingue
3
Q12: The activities shown in image 2 were most directly a result of which of the following developments in France?
Louis’s modernization of French military through expansion of paid army.
Louis’s expansion of monarch administrative & finance control over France
Louis’s suppression of a revolt of the nobility known as the Fronde.
Louis’s revocation of the Edict of Nantes.
4
Q79: The first two parts of the preamble best support which of following conclusions about French Revolution’s goals?
The revolutionaries sought to create an Enlightened absolutist monarchy.
The revolutionaries wanted to transform the traditional political order.
The revolutionaries sought to spread their ideas to other European nations.
The revolutionaries were advocates of religious toleration.
5
Q60: Marxist historian arguing against contention regarding sans-culottes in first para. would cite which as evidence?
Sans-culottes’ attacks on the foreign mercenaries employed by Louis XVI
Sans-culottes’ support for a popularly elected democratic government
Sans-culottes’ identity as rooted in their socioeconomic status
The sans-culottes’ involvement in the storming of the Bastille
6
Q29: The third paragraph was most likely intended to argue in favor of which of the following?
Replacement of traditional form of religion by universal worship of reason
Growth of a Protestant religious revival movement in German-speaking lands
Principle that a ruler's religion determines the religion of subjects
The view that religious belief was a private rather than a public matter
7
Q43: Which best represents the immediate goal of political dissidents in the German states, such as depicted in Image 2?
Overthrow reactionary regimes of Restoration, done at Congress of Vienna
Stop spread of political ideas of French Revolution among the German public
To unify the German states under Prussian leadership
Hasten industrialization of German states, govs. adopt business friendly
8
Q9: Which of the following best summarizes the advice given by Frederick William in the third paragraph?
Alliances made by the ruler must have the approval of the people.
Alliances are useful, but a state should rely on its own strength.
Alliances are essential to the strength of the state.
Alliances should never compromise the ruler’s religious beliefs.
9
Q39: A historian wishing to evaluate the usefulness would be interested in all the following questions except:
What was the typical retail price of a pamphlet, relative to average wages?
What was the typical number of copies printed per pamphlet?
What was the typical amount of labor required to run a printing press?
What was the literacy rate in France on the eve of the Revolution?
10
Q50: Which of the following would best explain the appeal of Fascism in France alluded to in the passage?
Political instability in France after the First World War
The French alliance with Italy during the First World War
The incorporation of Alsace into France after the First World War
Lingering anti - Semitism in France in the aftermath of the Dreyfus affair
11
Q34: Compared with a late-nineteenth-century Social Darwinist view of the world, Voltaire’s view in the passage is
less reliant on notions of European cultural superiority
less accepting of the idea that humans are rational animals
more skeptical of the ability of science to explain the natural world
Accepting of racial basis for differences between European and non-European
12
Q46: In subsequent years, the French government used the institutions created by the decree to
encourage internal debate concerning proper course of revolution in France
attempt to spread French Revolutionary ideals throughout Europe
start nationalist uprisings in countries outside of France
justify the granting of greater political and legal rights to women
13
Q66: Based on data in Source 1, all likely influenced French legislators in passing the laws EXCEPT a concern that
many children were not receiving any primary education
supporting a large number of small schools was economically inefficient
educational opportunities for girls lagging behind educational opp for boys
religious schools had become too prominent a part of the educational system
14
Q73: The changes in Russia described in the second paragraph most directly resulted in which of the following?
Legislation designed to restrict working hours for industrial laborers
The persistence of serfdom and the dominance of landowning elites
Expansion of urban centers in Russia
Population growth and declining infant mortality in rural areas
15
Q27: Frederick’s testament was most likely intended to justify which of the following?
Prussia’s adoption of enlightened absolutism
Frederick’s sponsorship of Enlightenment philosophes
Prussia’s embrace of Lutheranism
Frederick’s military campaigns against Austria
16
Q25: Which would most directly undermine Copernicus’ hope that the papacy would be receptive to his arguments?
The creation of the Index of Prohibited Books
The establishment of the Inquisition to suppress heresy
The trial of Galileo for publishing heretical works
The increase in accusations of witchcraft in the late 1500s
17
Q57: Which of the following would most directly transform the production method depicted in the image?
The mechanization of manufacturing
The implementation of laissez-faire trade policies
The abolition of traditional guild restrictions
The development of mercantilist economic theories
18
Q24: Which of the following later developments would best support Copernicus’ claim regarding the motion of the spheres?
Newton’s research into optical refraction
Brahe’s assertion that novas weren't comets, but newly visible stars
Galileo’s observations of sunspots as well as craters on the moon
Kepler’s formulation of the laws of planetary motion
19
Q35: Descartes’ understanding of the human body, as shown in the image, is most similar to which of the following?
Astrological notions of the impact of celestial bodies on human affairs
Newton’s notion of a mechanistic universe
Einstein’s notion of the relativity of time and space
Positivist notion on perfectibility of human society by scientific progress
20
Q52: Impetus for labor reforms described by the author are best understood in which of the following political contexts?
The continuation of monarchical forms of government in most of Europe
The increasing calls for women’s political and economic equality
The increasing influence of public opinion and mass political parties
The increasing national rivalries for overseas territories
21
Q3: Bentham’s argument exemplifies which of the following processes at work in eighteenth-century Europe?
Increased government debt as a result of frequent wars.
The expansion of cottage industry and the putting-out system.
The loosening of traditional moral restrictions on economic activity.
The shift from subsistence to commercial agriculture.
22
Q20: William’s description of his status within the English government is best explained by which of the following?
Assertion of parliamentary supremacy over monarchy in English government
Increasing diplomatic tensions created by England’s expanding colony empire
Creation of oligarchical system of gov. in William's country of Netherlands
Desire of William to impose an absolutist system of government on England
23
Q76: A historian would most likely use the passage as evidence for which of the following in the nineteenth century?
The economic conditions of educated middle- and upper-class women
Government policies regarding gender roles
The participation of women in radical political movements
The level of women’s consumer spending
24
Q37: Addition to political pamphlets described in passage, which did the most to turn public opinion against Old Regime?
French physiocrats’ critique of mercantilism
Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations
Discussions in French salons and coffeehouses
The paintings of Jacques-Louis David
25
Q21: Influence of Newton’s methodology described in passage is best understood in the context of which of the following?
Growth of knowledge from explorations of Euro overseas traders/missionaries
Spreading influence of thought associated with the Scientific Revolution
The rising economic influence of the merchant and professional classes
Continued popularity of spiritual/supernatural reasons of physical phenomen
26
Q64: Which of the following is Metternich most strongly critiquing in his letter to the tsar?
Mercantilism
Utilitarianism
Utopian socialism
Skepticism
27
Q36: The image demonstrates which of the following regarding scientific advances in early modern Europe?
Experimental proof of the accuracy of Galen’s humoral theory of disease.
Responsible for drop in mortality from epidemic diseases, plague 16-1700
Possible by discovery of ancient Greek medical texts during the Renaissance
Information found by dissection to conceptualize body as integral system
28
Q2: Bentham’s arguments concerning personal liberty reflect most closely the principles of the
Glorious Revolution.
Enlightenment.
Protestant Reformation.
English Civil War.
29
Q14: Which of the following most directly influenced Richelieu’s views on the power of the king?
Challenges posed to the French government during uprisings by the nobility.
Passage: Edict of Nantes guarantees religious tolerance - French Protestant
The growing rivalries with other European powers for overseas colonies.
The increasing political status of the new merchant class in France
30
Q80: The leaders of the rest of Europe saw the ideas in the preamble as a threat because
the ideas risked a revival of conflicts between Catholics and Protestants
the ideas challenged Enlightenment belief in reason and empiricism
the ideas used the power of nationalism to mobilize a powerful military
Ideas threatened to transform social & political hierarchies of Europe
31
Q48: Weber’s argument linking Fascism and Jacobinism implies that he was influenced by which of the following?
Marxist materialist analysis of social change and historical development
Postmodernist subjectivist critiques of the ethos of Western society
Social Darwinist belief in importance of struggle in historical progress
Positivist emphasis on the role of technology in shaping human affairs
32
Q54: Disparity on 1910 map between eastern region of Europe and western & central regions was primarily result of which?
Differences in the frequency and scale of military conflicts
Differences in the numbers of emigrants
Differences in the degree of political centralization
Differences in landholding patterns and agricultural practices
33
Q6: The features of seventeenth-century Dutch life reflected in the painting were largely a result of which?
Accession of a member of the Dutch House of Orange to the throne of England
Dutch territorial gains in the Thirty Years’ War.
Dutch financial innovation and overseas trade.
The successful raids of Dutch privateers against Spanish treasure fleets.
34
Q74: Limitations of industrial development in Russia described in 3rd paragraph were UNLIKE conditions in which?
Italy
Prussia
The Ottoman Empire
Spain
35
Q32: The ideas expressed in the passage best illustrate which of the following about Enlightenment intellectuals?
Accomplished scientists in their own right who made important discoveries.
Some of them rejected religious belief altogether and turned to atheism.
Believed discoveries of new science = new approach to social/cultural issue
Relied on new venues for spreading ideas, such as salons and cheap pamphlet
36
Q33: Voltaire's mockery of notion of one true religion in second para. of passage is most directly influenced by which?
Protestant challenge to Catholic Church claim: monopoly on religious truth
Aware of cultural diversity, gained by scientific exploring & traveler
Newtonian ideas of deterministic/mechanistic universe ruled by mathematical
Legal equality & individual rights by politicians like Locke and Rousseau
37
Q16: Which of the following overall trends is indicated by the data in the table?
Europe was less urbanized in 1700 than it was in 1500.
Average size of European towns remained the same from period 1500 to 1700.
Southern Europe urbanized faster than other region of Europe: 1500 to 1700.
Europe was more urbanized in 1700 than it was in 1500.
38
Q28: Frederick's concerns could be understood as argument against which development when he wrote Political Testament?
The declining influence of the Catholic Church on European state politics
The decline of the Holy Roman Empire as a political force
Increasing political, economic, & military competition between Germans
An increasing emphasis on popular sovereignty in European political thought
39
Q8: Which of the following best summarizes the advice given by Frederick William in the second paragraph?
Use disputes between princes and the Holy Roman Emperor to your advantage.
Cultivate good relations with your neighbors in case of disputes.
Keep a strong army to exploit the weakness of rival states.
Back down when confronted by rival states in order to avoid war.
40
Q47: Which features of the French Revolution would best support Weber’s argument comparing Fascism to Jacobinism?
The passage of laws ending the hereditary privileges of the nobility
Napoleon’s seizure of power from the Directory
The wars to protect Revolutionary France from foreign invasion
The economic price and wage controls imposed during the Reign of Terror
41
Q78: Based on the preamble, the authors of the French Constitution of 1791 were most heavily influenced by
religious sentiment
nationalism
Enlightenment thought
Romanticism
42
Q68: The events alluded to in the last two sentences of Source 2 are most directly related to which of the following?
The unification of Germany
The unification of Italy
The final defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte
The continued expansion of the British Empire
43
Q5: The painting reflects which of the following conflicts?
Traditional morality versus new consumerism.
Catholic extravagance versus Protestant austerity.
French sophistication versus Dutch simplicity.
Urban wealth versus rural poverty.
44
Q75: Which of the following best explains the movement of women into the teaching profession in the nineteenth century?
The use of domestic paid labor declined over the course of the century.
Teaching profession was becoming increasingly open to working-class women.
Education of kids in school was increasingly respected occupation for women
Increase professional of nonindustry jobs pushed men away from teaching
45
Q19: William’s claim regarding James’s “design” in first paragraph is best explained by which following development?
England’s policy of not intervening in the Thirty Years’ War
Powerful commercial & trade interests assert their influence in politics
Conflict between Catholic Stuart monarch and Protestant Parliament interest
Attempts to abolish the monarchy in favor of a parliamentary commonwealth
46
Q42: A historian would be most likely to use the two images as evidence that the Napoleonic Wars
brought about resistance to French rule in Spain but not in Germany
artists in Spain & Germany to experiment with new styles & subjects
inspired nationalist sentiment in both Germany and Spain
affected civilian in Germany less severely than they did civilians in Spain
47
Q31: In 1815 the immediate political result of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars was
the adoption of republican forms of government by most European states
the reestablishment of conservative monarchies across much of Europe
the recreation of the Holy Roman Empire
the unification of Italy and Germany as nation-states
48
Q77: The career possibilities for educated women changed the most during which of the following periods?
The Interwar period
The post-Second World War period
The First World War
The Second Industrial Revolution
49
Q7: Which of the following best summarizes the advice given by Frederick William in the first paragraph?
Exploit the church for the enrichment of the state.
A good leader should instill fear in the population.
It is not necessary to tolerate other religions.
Helping the people will strengthen the state.
50
Q13: Richelieu’s ideas best reflect which of the following developments in Europe during the 1600s?
The attempt to reunify Europe under a Catholic monarchy.
Effects of Thirty Years' War on religious policies of European governments.
The creation of new systems of government that centralized state power.
The development of constitutionalism as a form of government in Europe.
51
Q26: Copernicus’ citation of Cicero and Plutarch was likely intended to counter which of the following ideas?
Use of classical authorities to support traditional views of natural world
The influence of the new scientific method formulated by Francis Bacon
New concepts of physical laws of nature formed by Isaac Newton & others
Traditional beliefs in astrology and spiritual forces
52
Q44: Countries in coalitions opposing Rev. and Napoleonic France were most eager to adopt which provision of the decree?
Promotion of public oratory by citizens in support of government’s cause
The formation of female nursing corps
The creation of nationally based mass conscript armies
The mass mobilization of children for the war effort
53
Q22: The change in eighteenth-century thought described in the passage is best understood in the context of
challenges to the economic principles of mercantilism
Romanticism’s challenges to the dominant trends in European thought
the effects of the Commercial Revolution and growth of a money economy
the application of reason and empiricism to human institutions
54
Q23: Worldview described in the passage became dominant most likely as a result of which of the following developments?
Revival of Protestant & Catholic religious faith during 18th century
The prevalence of absolutism forms of monarchy in much of Europe
Continued reliance on classic Greek and Roman texts as sources of knowledge
Spread of printed materials that popularized the ideas of the Enlightenment
55
Q11: The activities of Peter the Great shown in image 1 were most directly the result of which of the following?
Peter’s efforts to westernize Russia.
Peter’s suppression of rebellious nobility.
Peter’s campaigns against the Ottoman Empire.
Peter’s reforms of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
56
Q30: The model of political sovereignty that inspired the French Rev posed the challenge to which forms of government?
Constitutional monarchy
Meritocracy
Democracy
Absolute monarchy
57
Q59: Which of the following was the likely purpose of the publication the image appeared in?
To spread Enlightenment principles
To appeal to new consumer markets
To advocate for socialist revolution
To encourage French nationalism
58
Q53: Dismissal of legislation as effective means of changing working conditions is explained by which in the late 19th?
Anarchist political movements
Laissez-faire economic thought
Mercantilist policies
Marxist economic thought
59
Q71: British popular newspapers of the period were most influential in which of the following?
Building widespread acceptance of radical politics
Shaping opinion in the emerging sphere of mass politics
Contributing to the growth and spread of labor unions
Building the woman suffrage movement
60
Q17: Based on table, which country experienced the greatest proportional increase in urbanization from 1500-1700?
Italy
Belgium
England and Wales
Austria/Bohemia
61
Q10: The presence of the aristocracy in the images directly reflects a continuation of which of the following processes?
Assertion of traditional rights of landed nobility against cent. monarchy
Preservation of nobility’s social status despite absolute monarch authority
Development of new commercial aristocracy, result of growing overseas trade
The modernization of the military through meritocracy and new technologies.
62
Q4: Which of the following economic thinkers would most likely agree with Bentham’s argument?
Adam Smith.
Robert Owen.
Jean-Baptiste Colbert.
Karl Marx.
63
Q18: William’s letter to Pope Innocent is best explained as an attempt to justify which of the following?
The outbreak of the English Civil War
The rebellion of the Netherlands against the Habsburg Empire
The outcome of the Glorious Revolution
The development of absolutism in England
64
Q69: The activities depicted in the image are best explained by which of the following?
The decline in regional dialects and language variations
The efforts by socialists to educate the poor
The increase in specialized industrial labor
The development of public and charitable education
65
Q1: Bentham’s argument in the passage is best explained in the context of the
increasing use of credit for complex financial transactions.
creation of joint-stock companies.
growth of mercantilism.
development of England's railroad and canal network.
66
Q70: The image provides evidence for which of the following social changes?
The increase in popular nationalism
Expanding effort of charities to provide financial assistance to poverty
The expansion of voting rights to working-class men
The growing influence of the feminist movement
67
Q58: The system portrayed in the image best represents which of the following processes?
The periodic business downturns in industrial economies
The continuation of small-scale systems of production
The development of mercantilist trade practices
The expansion of capitalist investment in joint-stock companies
68
Q38: 1699, all printed materials in France subject to approval of royal censors. Young’s account most implies that
1789, system of royal censors in France largely ceased to work as intended
Reluctant to discuss activities of censors, for fear of having shops closed
came from Britain, free press, Young unfamiliar with state censors of books
political pamphlets not subject to same laws and regulations
69
Q49: Which of the following would most contradict Weber’s thesis concerning the fundamental character of Fascism?
Franco support for traditional Catholic values in Spanish Fascist movement
Growth of National Socialism, Germany during economic crisis of early 1930s
Mussolini presence in ItalianSocialistParty before founding Italian Fascist
The spread of Fascism to eastern European countries in the 1930s
70
Q41: Which item saw the greatest increase in imports from 1699 to 1774, and which item saw the greatest decrease?
Tobacco saw greatest increase, and pepper saw greatest decrease
Sugar saw greatest increase, silk & mixed fabric saw greatest decrease
Tea saw greatest increase, and pepper saw greatest proportional decrease
Tea saw greatest increase, & silks & mixed fabrics saw greatest decrease
71
Q15: Views of power expressed by Richelieu are best understood as early example of which of the following developments?
Growth of religious pluralism as a feature of European politics and society
Protection of traditional rights by coalition of urban and rural interests
Establishment of absolutist principles of monarch government across Europe
The decline of religion as cause for warfare after the Peace of Westphalia
72
Q65: Metternich likely expressed these sentiments in a letter to the tsar because of
Russia’s strong support for Concert of Europe after the Congress of Vienna
Russia’s support for Slavic independence movements in the Balkans
Russia’s close cooperation with Austria against the Ottoman Empire
Russia’s expansionist aims in Central and East Asia
73
Q62: First paragraph, Stromberg clearly criticizes which historical interpretations of the French Revolution?
The French Revolution was primarily motivated by short-term fiscal crises.
The French Revolution was primarily motivated by cultural nationalism.
The French Revolution was an example of class conflict.
French Revolution was an example of Social Darwinist concepts of struggle.
74
Q67: The sources best support which statements about late-nineteenth-century European governments and public education?
Govs used student performance in school to identify potential army recruits
Govs. used expansion of public education to promote nationalist sentiment
Govs. viewed education as an effective means of reinforcing family ties.
Govs. viewed providing free compulsory education as way to contain rev idea
75
Q45: The French government issued the decree primarily in response to
domestic unrest & foreign aggression against radical Revolutionary gov.
opposition to the trial of the French royal family by the French government
use of new military tactics & technologies by opponents of French Rev
the lack of female support for the ideals of the French Revolution
76
Q56: Which of the following contributed most to the overall trend represented on the maps?
The increased immigration to Europe from colonial territories
The unification of major European ethnic groups into nation-states
The relative peacefulness of international relations within Europe
The development of industrialized economies
77
Q40: Which best describes the overall trend in England’s imports from Asia, Africa, and America as shown in the table?
England imports decreased, each category had an equal decrease per year
England imports increased, consumables were the greatest increase per year
England imports decreased, raw materials were greatest decrease per year
England imports increased, manufactures were the greatest increase per year
78
Q72: Changes in Russia described by the author in the first two para. were directly result of which of the following?
Increasing volatility in the business cycle as result of industrialization
Emergence of more global economic network resulting from industrialization
Commercialization of agriculture facilitated by industrial production
Increase scale & complexity of industrial processes in sec industrial rev
79
Q55: The trend represented on the maps led most European governments in the period to adopt policies to
establish police forces and enact public health measures
place additional restrictions on the political rights of urban residents
encourage emigration to oversea colonies to ease overcrowding within Europe
subsidize agriculture in an attempt to limit migration to the cities
80
Q63: Based on the letter and its context, Metternich most clearly supported which of the following principles?
The right to national self-determination
The redistribution of resources and wealth
The maintenance of traditional social structures and values
The application of scientific laws to society

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