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Earth and Space Science Midterm Spring 2024 Pt II Flashcards | StudBud
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Earth and Space Science Midterm Spring 2024 Pt II
Earth and Space Science Midterm Spring 2024 Pt II
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A review of Plate tectonics, Volcanism and Earthquakes
Flashcards
50 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
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Questions
50
Answers
1
Which volcano is the least likely to experience a huge eruption in present day?
Mount Rainier
Lassen Peak
Mount Shasta
Mount Hood
2
Where is andesitic magma found?
on islands in the Pacific, such as Hawaii
in the middle of oceanic crust
inside of continental crust
at the margins of continents
3
A big ole wave that is generated by motion of the seafloor during an earthquake is a(n) ______.
tsunami
upwelling current
seiche
tidal range
4
What is a pluton magma formation that is less than 100 km
2
?
stock
dike
sill
batholith
5
A __________ is a large intrusive igneous rock body that covers at least 100 square km.
batholith
stock
dike
laccolith
6
Places where two tectonic plates are moving away from each other are called __________.
earthquake boundaries
convergent boundaries
transform boundaries
divergent boundaries
7
What forces are moving the tectonic plates?
Gravity of the moon
Gravity
Convection currents
The Coriolis effect
8
When magma reaches Earth's surface it is called __________.
intrusive
a batholith
rock
lava
9
At what point in the graph would a rock be permanently deformed?
at the elastic limit
past the elastic limit
at the failure point
at the start of the stress
10
In what layer are light gases, such as helium and hydrogen, found?
Thermosphere
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Exosphere
11
What is the name of Alfred Wegener's hypothesis about moving landmasses?
plate tectonics
continental drift
seafloor spreading
continental movement
12
What are most earthquakes associated with?
plate boundaries
rift valleys
mid-ocean ridges
divergent plate boundaries
13
What is the longest division of time in the geologic time scale?
an era
an eon
a period
an epoch
14
What era of geologic time ended with the largest extinction event in Earth history?
Cenozoic Era
the Precambrian
Paleozoic Era
Mesozoic Era
15
What type of solid particles play a role in cloud formation?
Clay
Dust
Organic
extraterrestrial
16
Which type of material is least desirable to build with in earthquake-prone areas?
brick
wood
concrete
steel
17
Which layer of the atmosphere in the figure has the greatest pressure?
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Stratosphere
Troposphere
18
Where does an earthquake originate?
at the focus
at the P-wave
at Earth's inner core
at the epicenter
19
What kind of convergence causes deep sea trenches?
none, they are caused by divergent plates
Continental-Continental
Oceanic-Continental
Oceanic-Oceanic
20
__________ is a device that can detect changes in the strength of the magnetic field.
GPS
satellite
magnetometer
sonar
21
Which division of the geologic time scale includes the Cambrian, Ordovician and the Silurian?
epoch
eon
era
period
22
What marks the end of the Mesozoic Era?
the rise of the dinosaurs
extinction of many life forms including the dinosaurs
the first appearance of organisms with hard parts
free oxygen
23
__________ is the transfer of energy through space by electromagnetic waves.
Radiation
Convection
Conduction
Aviation
24
Identify the subduction zone in the figure.
C
D
A
B
25
What is a mushroom shaped pluton called?
baccalaureate
stock
batholith
laccolith
26
Why are there so many volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean?
Divergent plate boundaries are abundant here.
The magma is hottest here.
They form where earthquakes are common.
Convergent plate boundaries surround the Pacific Ocean.
27
Which of the following is a component of the atmosphere which changes very little?
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen
Ozone
Water vapor
28
What type of gas found in Earth's atmosphere absorbs UV radiation from the Sun?
Argon
Water vapor
Ozone
Carbon dioxide
29
Locate the volcano Surtsey in the figure. What conditions explain its presence?
It is an oceanic-oceanic convergence zone.
There is an oceanic-continental plate boundary.
Two continental plates are converging here.
It sits on a divergent plate boundary.
30
Continental-continental plate collisions produce ___________________.
deep-sea trenches
island arcs
very tall mountain ranges
rift valleys
31
According to the map, which latitude and longitude is most likely to experience an earthquake?
0°N, 180°W
60°N, 120°E
30°S, 60°W
0°N, 30°W
32
Rock fragments thrown into the air during a volcanic eruption are called __________.
tephra
extrusive
granite
lava
33
The constant movement of water between the atmosphere and Earth's surface is called __________.
The rain cycle
evaporation
The water cycle
Convection currents
34
Forces that push things together is known as?
compression
tension
school
shear
35
Which rock unit shown in the figure below is the youngest of those listed?
P
L
M
Q
36
An air mass that has high ____ resists rising.
Density
Stability
Moisture
Heat
37
Which type of fault results in a decrease in horizontal distance?
shear fault
reverse fault
normal fault
strike-slip fault
38
Mid Ocean Ridges
less than
always 100 times
the same as
more than
39
Stress forces that pull things apart is called?
Tension
riptide
compression
shear
40
Volcanoes that form far from plate boundaries form over ____ in the mantle
volcanic bombs
divergent plate boundaries
cinder cones
hot spots
41
When a divergent plate boundary forms on continents, a __________ forms.
rift valley
crater
mid-continent ridge
volcano
42
How many times larger is a magnitude 5 than a magnitude 3 earthquake on the Richter scale?
100 times
100 000 times
10 times
1/10 times
43
What US government agency tracks volcanic activity online through the Global Volcanism Program?
Smithsonian Institution
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
US Dept of the Interior
US Geological Survey
44
What are shallow, intermediate, and deep earthquake classifications based on?
amplitude of the largest wave
the depth of the focus
frequency of the largest wave
the amount of damage
45
What is Earth's core composed of?
magnesium and silicon
iron and nickel
hydrogen and iron
nickel and cobalt
46
What was one reason that Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift was rejected?
He could not explain what was moving the continents.
He could not support that climates of certain areas changed
He could not support that the continents were once adjacent.
He could not explain where the continents had moved.
47
What evidence did Wegener use to suggest that Antarctica had once been closer to the equator?
presence of coal beds
freshwater reptile fossils
layers of sandstone and limestone
fossils of ice age animals
48
What evidence did Wegener use to estimate the time of Pangaea's break up?
ocean-floor topography
magnetic isochrons
fossil data
coal deposits
49
What is the name of a large volcanic crater over 1 km in diameter?
a stock
a vent
a caldera
a batholith
50
According to the figure, after four half-lives, how much parent product would be left?
0%
12.5%
25%
6.25%
