Geology 101 Final Exam Review Part 2 - Electric Boogaloo

This diagram shows a(n)....

Which of the 3 seismic wave types arrive first at a recording station & tend to have the lowest amplitude?

The 3 types of seismic waves are....

Pressure ___________ as one moves from the lower to upper atmospheric layers

Consequences of global warming include (select as many that apply)

What is forced out when glacial ice forms from snow moving to firn?

Synclines plunge which way?

This depositional landform is composed of extensive blankets of silt once carried in suspension by the wind

Earthquake magnitude scales are quantitative/mathmatical

The 3 components influencing dune form are..... (pick 3)

The 4 orientations of anticlines & synclines are....

This diagram shows a __________ with the __________ layers in the center.

In a convergent boundary, this happens to the crust.

_________ is the amount of displacement on the fault surface

Continental volcanic arcs and volcanic island arcs differ in...

What happens to rocks if compressional stress is applied to ductile rock material?

What is a seiche?

__________ is defined as ground shaking caused by sudden and rapid movement of one block of rock sliding past another

Fractures in the crust where rocks slide past each other are called....

Mountainous regions can contribute to dry areas via rainshadows.

What is the main difference between glacial till & stratified drift?

Strike-slip (Transform) faults have a hanging wall and footwall

Snow/ice crystals become more dense & compact the deeper you go into a glacier.

Orogenesis produces large quantities of this type of rock within the mountain belts, from low to high grade zones

This diagram shows a __________ with the ____________ layers in the middle.

The hotter the body, the __________ the wavelengths of maximum radiation are & the more total energy radiated.

The terms hypocenter and epicenter mean the same thing

What type of fault is this?

Shear stress is associated with which type of faulting?

Earth's response to humanity releasing large quantities of CO2 into the atmosphere is called....

Earthquake intensity scales are qualitative - not mathematical

Ice under pressure behaves as a plastic material causing glacial ice to move as a flow more on top & in the middle.

The footwall is on the....

These types of streams only carry water in response to specific rainfall periods & are responsible for desert erosion.

These form fan-shaped deposits of sediment at the base of hills and mountains.

Causes of glacial/interglacial periods include....

Which are factors affecting rock deformation?

Young lithospheric material that is subducting....

During glacial periods, sea level drops & the crust subsides in response to more ice on the continents.

This is the study of earthquake waves

Seismic waves create more destruction in loose sedimentary rock than in metamorphic bedrock

Perennial streams do not exist in desert regions.

If you see a boulder in Central Park, NYC, you are likely looking at a _________.

The upper 50 meters of a glacier where it is brittle & crevasses form is called the ____________________.

Glaciers are not as capable of great erosion & sediment transport than wind.

Stress that is applied uniformly in all directions is called differential stress

Ice shelves are thicker on the seaward side than the landward side.

What type of fault is this?

These are small earthquakes that follow major earthquakes

This is the process that collectively produces a mountain belt.

Suspended loads from wind transport can move across oceans to other continents.

Most earthquakes occur along pre-existing faults

This is the breaking off of large pieces of ice where glaciers reach a water body.

Ephemeral streams usually reach the ocean or a large body of water.

Compressional stress is associated with which type of faulting?

The ___________ is where the earthquake actually occurs & the ____________ is the point on the ground directly above it

These are when multiple alluvial fans join; whereas ______ form from dried playa lakes.

Earthquake size is determined by 2 measures - what are they?

What is the difference between brittle & ductile deformation?

Deformed rocks that "snap back" to their original position after rock breakage is called

The height of wind transported bedload rarely exceeds....

Which type of body wave behaves like a slinky being compressed & expanded?

What type of fault is this?

Anticlines & Synclines are examples of brittle deformation features.

Examples of paleoclimatology using proxy data include (can select several)

Which of the 3 types of seismic waves create most destruction through 2 general motions of direction & highest amplitude

These are fractures in a rock where there has been no rock movement

Loss of ice at the lower end of a glacier is called...

A series of large ocean waves created by mass wasting and earthquake megathrust faulting are called _______________

Wind is responsible most of the erosion in desert environments.

In fault-block mountains, the uplifted blocks are called__________, and the down dropped blocks are called__________.

The hanging wall is on the....

This diagram shows a(n)....

The difference between weather & climate is....

What is the primary difference between alpine glaciers & ice sheets?

In fault block mountains, what type of faulting is involved?

For a glacier to form, what does the snowfall rate need to exceed?

Which of the 2 body waves can travel through solid material only?

Valley glaciers create sharp and angular topography like hanging valleys and truncated spurs.

Deserts & steppes have water deficiencies because....

Mantle plumes can raise whole regions of continents

This theory, which is the major underpinning of geologic processes, provides the model for orogenesis

What type of fault is this?

Glaciers encompass which two basic cycles?

Strike & dip lines are perpendicular to each other when drawn on a map.

Which types of atmospheric cells move drier air to the Tropics of Cancer & Capricorn?

Pick the two answers that describe how transportation of sediment by wind differs from that of water

Ozone is considered necessary in the troposphere for blocking out UV rays.

Loosely packed, waterlogged sediments behaving as a fluid in an earthquake is called ______________

Along the ground, glacial ice masses slide in a process called _________.

Tensional/Extensional Stress is associated with what type of faulting?

Earthquake destruction is dependent on...

Old lithospheric material is warm, thin and subducts at shallow angles.

Most weather in Earth's atmosphere occurs in this layer....

Where do most earthquakes on Earth occur?