What is the purpose of 'controlling variables' in the scientific method?

Ensuring reliability of results

What factor can affect the accuracy of scientific measurements?

The skill of the person using the tool

In the scientific method, what is a 'control variable'?

A variable that remains constant throughout the experiment

What is the purpose of the analysis step in scientific inquiry?

To look for relationships between data

In the scientific method, what is a 'dependent variable'?

A variable that changes as a result of the experiment

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Earth Science Ch.0-7

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Answers

1
Texture is the way the grains are put together.
False
True
2
What is the purpose of 'controlling variables' in the scientific method?
Ensuring reliability of results
Reducing experimental costs
Shortening experiment time
Increasing sample size
3
Molten rocks beneath the Earth is called lava.
False
True
4
What do you call when the convection currents in the asthenosphere circulate and drag the lithosphere?
Basal drag
Chemical circulation
Ridge push
Slab pull
5
Noh's scale is used to assess the hardness of minerals.
True
False
6
What is the process of solidifying of melted particles and forming of crystal ?
Mineralization
Solidification
Crystallization
Unification
7
Which is NOT a type of mechanical weathering?
Ice wedging
Animal burrowing
Oxidation
Root growth
8
Which definition best describes a 'hypothesis' in the scientific method?
A testable prediction
A debatable topic
An experimental result
A proven fact
9
All rocks must go through every stage of the rock cycle.
True
False
10
Topography is the relief and elevation of land area
True
False
11
What factor can affect the accuracy of scientific measurements?
The skill of the person using the tool
The time of day
The color of the measuring tool
The weather
12
What is the state of matter in the Earth's outer core?
Gas
Solid
Plasma
Liquid
13
What is anything that occupies space called?
Mater
Mass
Me
Matter
14
Which prefix means 1/100 in the metric system?
Milli
Kilo
Centi
Deci
15
To determine how mafic or felsic rocks are, you have to check the following EXCEPT:
Color
Amount of Silicate
Composition
Shade
16
In the scientific method, what is a 'control variable'?
A variable that remains constant throughout the experiment
A variable unrelated to the experiment
A variable that changes as a result of the experiment
A variable manipulated by the experimenter
17
The faster _____ cools, the more glass-like texture
Magma
Lava
Water
Heat
18
What happens to the texture of lava as it cools faster?
It becomes more glass-like
It becomes more porous
It becomes more crystalline
It becomes more grainy
19
What is the layer that is in both crust and mantle?
Lithosphere
Cryosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
20
What is the purpose of the analysis step in scientific inquiry?
To look for relationships between data
To collect data
To form a hypothesis
To make observations
21
Rocks are natural, solid mixture of minerals or _________
Grains
Luster
Particles
Residues
22
What is the name of the gas we breathe in?
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen
23
Which of the following is an example of a silicate mineral?
Halite
Quartz
Calcite
Gypsum
24
What are the two types of metamorphic rocks?
Plutonic and volcanic
Mafic and felsic
Intrusive and extrusive
Foliated and non-foliated
25
What is the SI units for mass?
grams
kilograms
hectograms
miligrams
26
Granite is an example of igneous rocks.
True
False
27
Asthenosphere is made of plastic substance.
True
False
28
Which of the following is NOT an environment for crystallization?
Cool solution
Hot solution
Atmosphere
Magma
29
What is the strategy used for scientific investigations?
Science
Scientific Inquiry
Case study
Scientific Investigation
30
Which of the following is an example of a silicate mineral?
Calcite
Halite
Gypsum
Quartz
31
What is the shape of the Earth?
Round
Sphere
Flat
Circle
32
More mafic rocks require higher temperature.
True
False
33
__________ weathering involves changes to the rock's mineral composition.
Chemical
Mechanical
34
Density is the force of attraction pulling things around.
True
False
35
The supercontinent Pangaea existed approximately:
400 million years ago
100 million years ago
200 million years ago
300 million years ago
36
Many features that appears on dry land also appears on the ocean floor.
True
False
37
It takes million of years to make an extrusive rock.
True
False
38
Physical science is the study of body and living things.
False
True
39
A plateau has high relief and low elevation.
True
False
40
What is the SI units for length?
m
mm
nm
km
41
Conduction is the circulation of material caused by differences in temperature and density
True
False
42
Going towards the core, gravity _____ ?
increases
decreases
43
What is NOT a property of mineral identification?
Luster
Color
Surface
Streak
44
____________ will result in an uneven rough surface.
Fracture
Cracking
Cleavage
Breaking
45
In the scientific method, what is a 'dependent variable'?
A variable unrelated to the experiment
A variable that changes as a result of the experiment
A variable that remains constant throughout the experiment
A variable manipulated by the experimenter
46
A plateau is the push/uplift blocks of rocks caused by the forces inside Earth.
True
False
47
Which factor does NOT cause changes in minerals?
Physical impact
High temperature
High pressure
Low gravity
48
What is the solid water system of the Earth?
Atmosphere
Lithosphere
Cryosphere
Hydrosphere
49
What is the third step in scientific inquiry
Experiment
Hypothesis
Observation
Data collection
50
Hardness is the __________ of mineral to being scratched.
Structure
Pushing
Resistance
Force
51
A mountain is the uplifted rock layers due to collision between Earth's crust.
True
False
52
Seafloor spreading occurs at:
Deep-ocean ridges
Mid-ocean trenches
Continental shelves
Mid-ocean ridges
53
There are 2 kinds of minerals on Earth.
False
True
54
As distance increases, gravity _____ ?
decreases
increases
55
What are the two types of metamorphic rocks?
Plutonic and Volcanic
Mafic and felsic
Foliated and non-foliated
Intrusive and extrusive
56
What is the color of mineral in powdered form?
Streak
Color
Powder
Luster
57
What is the exploration of natural events and of the new information that results from those investigation called?
Science
Scientific Investigation
Scientific Inquiry
Case study
58
Minerals can naturally occur as a liquid form.
True
False
59
Continental Crust is thinner than Oceanic Crust.
True
False
60
What is the least dense layer of the Earth?
Lithosphere
Crust
Outer Core
Asthenosphere
61
In the scientific method, what is an 'independent variable'?
A variable manipulated by the experimenter
A variable unrelated to the experiment
A variable that changes as a result of the experiment
A variable that remains constant throughout the experiment
62
How old do many scientists believe the Earth to be?
3.5 billion years
2.3 billion years
5.8 billion years
4.6 billion years
63
By color alone, we could identify minerals.
False
True
64
Wegener's theory was rejected because:
The continents didn't fit together
The evidence wasn't clear
The fossils didn't match
He couldn't explain the mechanism of movement
65
If the chemical composition of the mineral changes the type of mineral does not change.
False
True
66
What is 'how compact a matter' is called?
Volume
Density
Mass
Gravity
67
What is NOT a process involved in turning sediments into rock?
Deposition
Cementation
Compaction
Weathering
68
Metamorphic rocks are formed in extreme environments.
True
False
69
Alfred Wegener's evidence for continental drift included the following EXCEPT:
Seafloor Spreading
Climate zone
Matching landform
Fossil matches
70
Which characteristic of rocks tells us in what environment the rock formed?
Color
Grain
Composition
Texture
71
What is the SI units for thermodynamic temperature?
Celsius
Kelvin
Fahrenheit
Réaumur
72
All sedimentary rocks form in layers.
True
False
73
What is a variable in an experiment?
The scientific equipment used
Any factor that can have more than one value
A constant factor
The final result
74
Which type of igneous rock forms over thousands of years?
Intrusive
Volcanic
Extrusive
Plutonic
75
Obsidian is an example of igneous rocks.
False
True
76
Which characteristic of rocks tells us in what environment the rock formed?
Grain
Composition
Texture
Color
77
Which prefix means 1/1000 in the metric system?
Deci
Kilo
Centi
Milli
78
The crust is the thickest layer of the Earth.
False
True
79
What is the lithosphere composed of?
Crust and uppermost mantle
Crust only
Mantle only
Core and mantle
80
________ is made when magma or lava cool and crystalizes
Chemical rock
Metamorphic rock
Igneous rock
Sedimentary rock
81
Felsic igneous rocks typically form at higher temperatures than mafic rocks.
True
False
82
Silicate minerals always contain silicon and oxygen.
False
True
83
What type of weathering breaks down rocks through freeze-thaw cycles?
Mechanical weathering
Chemical weathering
Nuclear weathering
Biological weathering
84
Why is our Earth spherical?
because of gravitational force
because it is created that way
because it is actually flat
because we're glued on it
85
When checking the grains of rocks, you should observe the following EXCEPT:
Chemical composition
Texture
Shape
Size
86
What is the SI units for luminous intensity?
Pascal
Candela
Mandela
Ampere
87
What is NOT an evidence of the theory of Plate Tectonics?
Mid-ocean ridges
Patterns of volcano and earthquake
Convection current
GPS
88
What is the first step of the scientific method?
Data collection
Designing an experiment
Drawing conclusion
Formulating a hypothesis
89
The discovery of seafloor spreading help explain the following EXCEPT:
How continents move
Where new crust forms
Why oceans exist
The age of the ocean floor
90
What is sediment?
Broken pieces of rocks
Organic matter
Molten rock
Crystallized minerals
91
Sedimentary rocks are made when sediments form foliated sides due to intense pressure.
False
True
92
Minerals can be affected by wind and water erosion.
False
True
93
What determines whether an igneous rock is mafic or felsic?
Location where it was found
Age of the rock
Size of the crystals
Color, shade, and amount of silicate
94
What characteristics do plateaus share with mountains?
High elevation
Low relief
High relief
Low elevation
95
Which prefix means 1/10 in the metric system?
Deci
Milli
Kilo
Centi
96
Which of the following is the best example of a qualitative observation?
length of flower petals
weight of an object
fragrance of a flower
pH of a solution
97
As mass increases, gravity _____ ?
decreases
increases
98
What is NOT aligned from outer to inner?
crust-asthenosphere-lithosphere-lower mantle-core
core-uppermost mantle-asthenosphere-crust
lithosphere-uppermost mantle-asthenosphere-inner core
crust-lithosphere-upper mantle-inner core
99
Which of the following is NOT a way mountains can form?
Wind erosion of plateaus
Collision between tectonic plates
Forces inside Earth pushing blocks of rocks
Lava building from ocean floor
100
Density could be calculated by dividing volume over mass.
True
False

Earth Science Ch.0-7 Flashcards | StudBud