Human Growth & Development Midterm Pt2

For 2-month-old infants, “out of sight” is “out of mind.”

The _______ of mothers in the United states work outside the home.

Securely attached infants use the caregiver as a secure base from which to ________ the environment

Each neuron possesses a cell body, dendrites, and a(n) _______.

________ improves dramatically between the ages of 2 and 6 months.

A 1-hour-old infant may imitate an adult who sticks his or her tongue out.

Infants _______ before they _______.

Research reveals that both maturation and _______, play indispensable roles in motor development.

One of Ainsworth’s contributions to the field of child development is the ________ method of measuring attachment.

The _______ principle means that development proceeds from the trunk outward.

Infants triple their birth weight within a year.

Piaget’s ________ stage spans the first 2 years of cognitive development.

Girls prefer dolls & animals, and boys prefer trucks & sports equipment, only after they become aware of gender roles

The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale is used to screen for sensory or ___________ problems.

The Bayley Scales of Infant Development contain mental scale items and _________ scale items.

Hopi infants spend their 1st yr strapped to a board, yet begin to walk around the same time as a child in other cultures

Relatively more deaths occur from _______

Infant crying is a primitive form of language.

_______ is the most common cause of death in infants between the ages of 1 month and 1 year.

Children with a(n) ________ language style use language mainly to label objects.

________ is the first vocalizing that sounds like human speech.

Research Suggests that the _____ of new mothers experience periods of depression.

Infants who are securely attached to their mothers do not like to stray from them.

At 2 months of age, infants tend to fixate longer on a _______ face.

Researchers have studied depth perception in infants through the use of the visual _______.

The sequence of emergence of the different types of two-word utterances is ________ in diverse languages.

All children are born wi/ the same temperament. Treatment by caregivers determines if they are difficult or easygoing.

Research shows that both nature and _______ are essential to perceptual development.

________ is recognition that an object or person continues to exist when out of sight.

________ circular reactions are purposeful adaptations of established schemes to specific situations.

You can predict how strongly infants attach to their fathers if you know how many diapers per week their fathers change.

Autistic children may respond to people as though they are pieces of furniture.

Broadly, infants have either secure attachment or ________ attachment.

A(n) ___ is performed for many reasons including when a baby is too large to pass through the woman's pelvis.

A baby is considered ______ when birth occurs at or before 37 weeks of gestation.

Autism is caused by the mercury in the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine

________ recognition memory consists of an infant’s ability to discriminate previously seen objects from novel objects.

Children w/ ____ don't show interest in social interaction, have comm. probs, are int. of chnge, and show repetit. behav

Fear of strangers is abnormal among infants.

The Harlows found that rhesus infants reared in isolation later _______ contact with other monkeys.

Infants can first raise their heads at about the age of _______ month(s).

Vygotsky said, children’s cog. devel. involves their __ skilled approaches from jnt. prblm-solv. w/ more skilled partner

Research _____ show that early parental interaction with neonates is critical in the formulation of bonds & attachment.

Spitz noted that many institutionalized children appear to develop a syndrome characterized by _______ and depression.

Children try to talk about more objects than they have words for, which often results in _____ of the meanings of words.

A baby has a low ______ when it weighs less than 5.5 pounds (about 2,500 grams).

Children try to ________ new events into existing schemes.

Child abusers have frequently been the victims of child abuse themselves.

As children mature, their bones _______ in density.

Ainsworth’s study of Ugandan infants found that they at first show ________ attachment.

In ________ circular reactions, activity is repeated because of its effect on the environment.

Research suggests that infants have developed size constancy by about _______ months.

In a(n) ______ block, anesthesia is injected into the spine, numbing the body below the waist.

The cerebral cortex—the outer layer of the brain vital to human thought and reasoning—is only 1/8 of an inch thick.

As time passes, one change in perceptual development is that intentional action replaces ____ (auto response to stimuli)

You can advance children’s development of pronunciation by correcting their errors.

The brain areas most involved in speech are Broca’s area and ________ area.

The brain reaches nearly _______ of its adult weight by the first birthday.

Breast milk contains _______ that can prevent prob-lems such as ear infections, meningitis, tetanus, and chicken pox.

Chomsky refers to this inborn tendency as a language ________ device (LAD).

As babies mature, they spend a ______ percentage of their tie sleeping in REM sleep.

________ circular reactions are characterized by repeating stimulating actions that occur by chance.

Piaget labeled children’s concepts of the world as ________.

Neonates direct their attention to the _______ of objects.

Breastfeeding helps prevent obesity later in life.

The wrinkled part of the brain, called the _____,enables the child to maintain balance and to control physical behavior.

Research suggests that it is _____ to stimulate preterm infants.

Lorenz believed that attachment is a species- __________ action pattern.

As infants develop, they have _______ ability to screen out meaningless sounds in their native languages.

Ainsworth defines _____ as an affectional tie that is formed between 1 animal or person and another specific individual.

The imitation of actions after a time delay is called ________.

After illness/dietary deficit, a child shows____, which is a tendency to return to their determined growth pattern

Key biological structures that provide a basis for language are based in the ____ hemi. of the cerebral cortex for most.

Infants need to have experience crawling before they develop a fear of heights.

Gesell _____ find that extensive training gave infants enduring advantages over untrained infants in certain skills.

Cephalocaudal development describes the process by which development happens from the ____ to the lower part of the body

Researchers assess infants’ ability to stack blocks as a measure of their _______ motor coordination

Psychologists can begin to measure intelligence in infancy.

____ argued that women can learn to dissociate uterine contractions from pain and fear through breathing and relaxation.

Compared to mothers of healthy infants, mothers of infants with failure to thrive show fewer _______ feelings toward

Postpartum depression has been connected with a precipitous decline in the hormone ____.

In the United States today, the neonate's overall level of health is usually evaluated at birth according to the ______

_____ anesthesia achieves its anesthetic effect during childbirth by putting the woman to sleep.

From the ________ perspective, a caregiver becomes a conditioned reinforcer.

Fathers maltreat children twice as often as mothers do.

In the ______ reflex, the baby turns the head toward a stimulus that strokes the cheek, chin, or corner of the mouth.

________ are single words that are used to express complex meanings.

Children are “prewired” to listen to language in such a way that they come to understand words and rules of grammar.

Neonates _____ prefer their mothers voices to those of other women.

________ theorists explain language development in terms of imitation and reinforcement.

The Harlows’ research with monkeys suggests that ________ comfort is a key source of attachment.

Infants usually double their birth weight in about_______ months and triple it by their first birthday.

_______ are the basic units of the nervous system.

According to ____ theory, lang. acq. involves an interaction btwn environmental inf. & an inborn tend. to acquire lang.

Neonates are rather ______.

Infants first use a(n) _______ grasp for holding objects.

The _________ approach to cognitive development focuses on how children manipulate or process information.

The head of the newborn child doubles in length by adulthood, but the legs increase in length by about five times.

A newborn’s brain weighs about 25% of its adult weight, but grows to some 70% of its adult weight by their 1st birthday.

Prenatal ____ can impair the devel. of the nervous system, leading to cognitive & motor probs and even psych. disorders.