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Anticoagulants/Antiplatelets NUR 341 Flashcards | StudBud
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Anticoagulants/Antiplatelets NUR 341
Anticoagulants/Antiplatelets NUR 341
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1
When are Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors NOT used
Prophylactically during surgery
with DVTs
with Strokes
with artificial heart valves
2
______ when used with heparin and aspirin reduces stenosis
platelet glycoprotein blockers
fibrinolytics
oral antiplatelets
direct thrombin inhibitors
3
prevent blood cells called platelets from clumping together to form a clot
Aanticoagulants
Antiplatelets
4
which class of medications make fibrin clotts
vitamin K antagonists
direct factor Xa inhibitors
indirect thrombin inhibitors
direct thrombin inhibitors
5
Protamine Sulfate is the antidote for
aspirin
warfarin
Dabigatran
Heparin
6
what are the three "other" bleeding related agents
Aminocaproic Acid
Recombinant Protein Prep
Vitamin K
Urokinase
7
what class of anticoagulants does Warfarin belong to?
Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors
Vitamin K Antagonists
Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
8
what is the FIRST step in clot formation?
Platelet Adherence, Activation & Secretion – Vasoconstriction
Intrinsic Coagulation Pathway/Contact Factors
Aggregation and formation of platelet plug
Extrinsic Coagulation Pathway: Tissue factor
9
The IV therapeutic level of Heparin = WIDE
True
False
10
what is a normal Prothrombin Time (PT)
5 seconds
10 seconds
12 seconds
15 seconds
11
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia should be stopped at:
75% decrease
25% decrease
50% decrease
40% decrease
12
the difference between Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa agents and antiplatelet agents is one blocks glycoprotein
false
true
13
patient education for a client who was just Rx Warfarin
monitor for bloody stool
consult with PCP prior to taking OTCs
avoid alcohol
avoid excessive Vitamin K
14
what is the MOA of oral antiplatelet agents?
They break up clots by actvating plasminogen
They inhibit platelet aggregation
They inhibit vitamin K
They indirectly stop thrombin and Xa by binding to antithrombin instead.
15
what class of medication is known as the "clot buster!"
direct thrombin inhibitors
indirect thrombin inhibitors
oral antiplatelets
fibrinolytics
16
when would a patient be given a Direct Thrombin Inhibitor
angioplasty
bypass
stroke prevention
artificial heart valves
17
Oral Warfarin has a ______ onset
Fast
Slow
18
what is the importants of antithrombin
activates Xa
Inactivates thrombin
activates thrombin
Inactivates Xa
19
which Direct Thrombin Inhibitor is given orally
Argatroban
Dabigatran
Bivalirudin
20
Use anticoagulants or antiplatelets in conditions where bleeding is a risk
True
False
21
use great care in patients taking antiplatelet/anticoagulants when they have;
GI ulcers
severe HTN
AAA
Head injury
22
what is a common side effect of Lovenox administration via SubQ route
injection site ulcer
thigh bruising
abdominal bruising
23
Warfarin considerations
is a teratogen X medication
INR monitoring
avoid excessive Vitamin K
is safe to take with NSAIDs
24
turns fibrinogen into fibrin, creating the axtually "clot" webbing
antithrombin
thrombin
25
Vitamin K acts on prothrombin and clotting factors to promote clotting and can be given to newborns
True
False
26
It is safe to take Warfarin (a vitamin K antagonist) during pregnancy as long as they are routinely monitored
False
True
27
what do fibinolytic medications end in (suffix)
-mab
-ase
-rin
-an
28
what are the two main uses for platelet glycoprotein blockers?
acute coronary syndrome
angioplasty
Pulmonary Embolism
severe DVT
29
which platelet glycoprotein blocker is made of rattlesnake venom?
tirofiban
eptifibatide
Abciximab
30
Which class of Heparin does (Fondaparinux= no Xa inhibition) belong to?
Synthetic Low Molecular Weight Heparin
Low Molecular Weight Heparin
unfractionated Heparin
31
there is no reversal treatment for Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
False
True
32
which platelet glycoprotein blocker is a monoclonal antibody?
Eptifibatide
Tirofiban
Abciximab
33
Warfarin use during pregnancy can cause fetal bone defects
False
True
34
what are unique administration characteristics of fibrinolytics
used in angioplasty proceedures
used in acute/emergent situations
must be given within 3 hours of stroke onset
must be given within 6 hours of a MI
35
what is the FOURTH step in clot formation?
Platelet Adherence, Activation & Secretion – Vasoconstriction
Intrinsic Coagulation Pathway/Contact Factors
Extrinsic Coagulation Pathway: Tissue factor
Aggregation and formation of platelet plug
36
what medication is given to prevent thrombosis with stents with MI/CVA?
Tirofiban
Ticlopidine
37
(In)
direct Thromb
(in) (In)
hibitors
Hepar(in)
JUST REMEMBER THIS
38
While on Heparin, there is a small risk of osteoporosis and alopecia
False
True
39
How many days does it take Warfarin to peak
3-5 seconds
3-5 weeks
3-5 days
3-5 hours
40
what is the target range for INR = Current PT/baseline PT
2 - 4.2
1 - 4.2
1 - 4.5
2 - 4.5
41
Anticoagulants are considered to be __________ medications
bleeding
low-alert
high-alert
clotting
42
Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors have a rapid onset
FALSE
TRUE
43
Oral Direct Thrombin Inhibitors can be reversed with an antibody for the oral agent
True
False
44
platelets should be monitored for _____ when taking Heparin
PTT
HITT
INR
HIT
45
what is the most important clotting factor
VII
XIII
Xc
Xa
46
what are the two dosing options for Lovenox?
weight based
age
standard dosing (prophylaxis)
gender
47
Heparin falls under what class of medication
Antiplatelets
Indirect Thrombin Inhibitors
Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors
Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
48
Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor medications end in "-xaban"
False
True
49
how many days must a patient wait for surgery after taking any anticoagulants/antiplatelets
10 days
14 days
5 days
7 days
50
Warfarin is ___% albumin bound
99
50
25
75
51
Heparin is most commonly used for treatment of
DVT
MI
PE
CVA
52
when a patient is receiving Heparin, the nurse MUST measure PPT (2-3 x or normal PPT)
True
False
53
what medication is used to provide immediate coverage to a patient experiencing a DVT or PE after starting oral Warfarin
aspirin (ASA)
fibrinolytic drugs
Heparin
54
all anticoagulants require theraputic drug monitoring
True
False
55
Warfarin can be used for any condition that puts one at risks for clotts (ie; AFib)
True
False
56
what is the MOA of Indirect thrombin Inhibitors?
They inhibit platelet aggregation
They break up clots by actvating plasminogen
They inhibit vitamin K
They indirectly stop thrombin and Xa by binding to antithrombin instead.
57
how are fibrinolytics administered (route)
IO
IV/IA
Oral
sublinqual
58
how are Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors administered
IV
IM
Orally
via injection
59
oral antiplatelet medications
Aspirin
Eptifibatide
Tirofiban
Clopidogrel
60
recombinant protein prep is used in coagulation factors deficiencies such as hemophilia
False
True
61
Warfarin inhibits Vitamin K (to decrease clotting factor prod.) dietary vitamin K consumption could ______ effectiveness
Decrease
Increase
62
One can reverse the effects of Warfarin by stopping the medication and increasing vitamin K
True
False
63
Monitoring is not required with Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors due to them having predictable dosing
False
True
64
SubQ injections of heparin are "predictable" dosages that do not require monitoring and can be self administered
True
False
65
what is the THIRD step in clot formation?
Intrinsic Coagulation Pathway/Contact Factors
Platelet Adherence, Activation & Secretion – Vasoconstriction
Aggregation and formation of platelet plug
Extrinsic Coagulation Pathway: Tissue factor
66
the effect of some anticoagulants/antiplatelets is irreversible. there is no antidote
False
True
67
Considerations with clients on Heparin
INR is used for monitoring
its the preferred anticoagulant for pregnancy
has a short half-life
avoid excessive Vitamin K
68
Which class of Heparin do (Enoxaparin, Dalteparin, and Tinzaparin) belong to?
Synthetic Low Molecular Weight Heparin
unfractionated Heparin
Low Molecular Weight Heparin
69
If a medication ends in -mab it is a monoclonal antibody
False
True
70
Antithrombin is an endogenous anticoagulant
True
False
71
what is the SECOND step in clot formation?
Aggregation and formation of platelet plug
Intrinsic Coagulation Pathway/Contact Factors
Extrinsic Coagulation Pathway: Tissue factor
Platelet Adherence, Activation & Secretion – Vasoconstriction
72
What is the most common class of Heparin
unfractionated heparin
synthetic low molecular weight heparins
Low Molecular weight heparins
73
Molecule that is necessary for synthesis of the clotting factors
Factor VII
Factor VIII
Vitamin K
Factor Xa
74
what medication is used as a secondary prevention for irreversible vascular events
low dose aspirin
clopidogrel
high dose aspirin
75
what is the MOA of Vitamin K Antagonists?
They inhibit vitamin K
They indirectly stop thrombin and Xa by binding to antithrombin instead.
They break up clots by actvating plasminogen
They inhibit platelet aggregation
76
what are chemical substances that prevent or reduce coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time
Antiplatelets
Anticoagulants
77
what is the MOA of fibrinolutics?
They indirectly stop thrombin and Xa by binding to antithrombin instead.
They break up clots by actvating plasminogen
They inhibit vitamin K
They inhibit platelet aggregation
78
What are the different Anticoagulant drug classes
Oral Vitamin K antagonists
Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors
Direct thrombin inhibitors
Indirect thrombin inhibitors
