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Cognitive Psychology: Thinking & Language Flashcards | StudBud
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Cognitive Psychology: Thinking & Language
Cognitive Psychology: Thinking & Language
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1
Marie has to assemble a shelf but cannot find her screwdriver. Which of the following would help her complete this task?
mental set
rigidity
divergent thought
functional fixedness
2
a problem-solving method that continues to be applied because it was successful in the past even though it isn't now
mental set
insight
cognitive bias
prototype
3
A word or part of a word that is meaningful, but can't be further broken into smaller meaningful units, is called a
morpheme
holophrase
grammar
phoneme
4
Raymond Cattell: the ability to understand logical relationships, reason abstractly, and learn quickly is....
fluid intelligence
crystallized intelligence
emotional intelligence
mental age
5
Politicians label a military action as a "preemptive strike" NOT "invasion." Why?
reverse psychology
lying
framing
confirmation bias
6
When trying to solve a problem, Bret uses a logical, step-by-step formula called..
insight
a heuristic
priming
an algorithm
7
Acing an achievement test can allow a student to be exempted from a college course.
False
True
8
Charles Spearman’s concept of g is most accurately defined as...
a single, underlying intellectual capacity measured by intelligence tests
a specific type of performance that is affected by intelligence
one of seven fundamental abilities that determine behavior
the ability to create novel solutions to complex situations
9
(IQ) has traditionally been based on the relationship between an individual's mental age and their....
quantitative aptitude
mental set
reading ability
chronological age
10
A prototype is best defined as...
an example of habituation
the equivalent of feature abstraction
an essential element of category membership
the hypothetical "most typical" instance of a category
11
Which of the following types of intelligence would be most important in answering trivia questions?
Practical
Creative
Crystallized
Divergent
12
All human languages have several basic sounds in common called
pheremones
morphemes
syntax
phonemes
13
You run out of wrapping paper when wrapping presents, so you use newspaper instead. You have overcome...
cognitive bias
confirmation bias
egocentricism
functional fixedness
14
Creativity is most closely associated with which of the following?
spatial awareness
convergent thinking
divergent thinking
insight
15
An otherwise mentally challenged person who has genius-level piano playing abilities demonstrates...
Bipolar Disorder
giftedness
Savant Syndrome
Down's Syndrome
16
A test that is valid must...
be reliable
be standardized
fit a normal curve
predict future behavior
17
Who believed that language is learned only through the environment-conditioning/modeling?
Broca
Whorf
Skinner
Chomsky
18
Mary was out of coffee filters.She didn't think to use a paper towel. What is this an ex. of?
availability heuristic
framing
functional fixedness
algorithm
19
Chomsky believes our capacity for language is natural and quick because of
language being entirely inborn.
sequential developmental stages.
behavioral conditioning.
a language acquisition device.
20
Even though the link has been disproven, many do not vaccinate for fear it causes autism. Why?
Functional fixedness
Confirmation Bias
Belief Perseverance
Representativeness Heuristic
21
Which of the following methods is used in studies designed to determine the primary components of intelligence
alternate forms
random sampling
standardization
factor analysis
22
A 65-year-old who cannot solve abstract logic puzzles as quickly as he did when he was younger is experiencing a..
dementia
phenomenon uncommon for people his age
decrease in his crystallized intelligence
decrease in his fluid intelligence
23
Illusory correlation is a tendency to perceive a relationship when one does not exist, merely because of co-occurrence.
False
True
24
The USA went to war with Iraq on the false belief it had weapons of mass destruction . Ex. of ?
heuristics
confirmation bias
ignorance
fixation
25
The Flynn effect is best illustrated by which of the following statements?
Intelligence scores increase from generation to generation.
An individual feels fat but eats high-calorie food anyway.
Crystallized intelligence increases with age.
26
The tendency to approach a problem in a certain way esp. one that worked in the past.
prototype
mental set
algorithm
heuristics
27
Who suggested that intelligence can be classified into general and specific intelligence factors?
Charles Spearman
Lewis Caroll
Howard Gardner
Kanye West
28
A dog bit Sam when he was little so now he thinks all dogs bite. Which is a type of reasoning that Sam is using?
deductive
inductive
iconic
explicit
29
The smallest unit of language that carries meaning.
phoneme
morpheme
babble
telegraphic speech
30
By the time infants are 10 months old,
their babbling reflects the features of the home language.
their babbling is universal across all cultures.
they are putting 2 words together.
they can speak full sentences.
31
Matt’s parents & all their friends are chefs, so Matt believes that lots of adults are chefs. This is an example of...
the representative heuristic
conjunction fallacy
a mental set
the availability heuristic
32
After watching Forensic Files and learning who the killer was, you say "I could've told you it was him from the start!"
This is your sign to become a detective
This is confirmation bias
This is hinddight bias
This is actor-observer bias
33
Which of the following refers to the potential of an individual to perform an as-yet-unlearned task?
cultural fairness
aptitude
standardization
norms
34
No screwdriver? Can't fix it. You don't think to use a butter knife instead.
Belief Bias
Functional Fixedness
Confirmation Bias
Framing
35
Aptitude tests measures a student’s potential ability
True
False
36
Gambling is perpetuated partly b/c we can easily remember the times we won. Example of?
false memory
prototypes
source amnesia
availability heuristic
37
The Flynn effect refers to the...
deterioration of attachment due to early environmental deprivation
rise in average IQ scores over time
correction factor required when two raters do not agree
complexities of neurological conditions
38
What is Whorf's theory that differences in language cause differences in perceptions/thinking?
perceptual change theory
linguistic determinism
displacement hypothesis
linguistic shift