Which of the following is/are true of a competitive irreversible enzyme inhibitor? (choose all that apply)

Not easily released from the active site, Binds to same active site as the intended substrate

The basic functions of the plasma membrane proteins are... (choose all that apply)

Act as enzymes - catalyze reactions, anchor the cell, serve as receptors

Genetic variability in sexually reproducing organisms arises within

Crossover events between sister chromatids

Which of the following is false about DNA?

DNA leaves the nucleus to synthesize protein

Depending on the needs of the cell, glucose can be metabolized in what ways?

It can be stored as energy by converting it into glycogen fat, It can be catabolized into water and CO2 when oxygen is present, It can be catabolized into lactate when oxygen isn't present

Which of the following best describes the directionality of an amino acid?

location of the amino and carboxyl functional groups

The limit of resolution can be best defined as:

distance 2 objects must be apart to be distinguished as separate objects

Why is a selectively permeable membrane so important to living things?

It provides a good barrier between the inside and outside of the cell

In cells, glucose has 4 main fates. Which of the following is not one of those fates?

Glucose is transformed into sucrose

Mitosis and meiosis differ in that

Homologous are separated in prophase I of meiosis

During strenuous exercise, you may notice that your muscles burn. Which statement best explains this phenomenon?

Without oxygen, pyruvate is being converted to lactic acid

studbud

Cell Bio Practice Quizzes

100 termsStudBud Administration36 plays

Imported from external platform

Flashcards100 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 100

Answers

1
____ ____ breakdown large molecules into smaller ones and are energy liberating.
catabolic processes
anabolic processes
2
When dissolved in water, sodium and potassium are considered solutes.
True
False
3
What are the final products of the TCA cycle?
FADH2
NADH
CO2
ATP
4
Meiosis I results in the formation of
Four haploid cells
Two diploid cells
Four diploid cells
Two haploid cells
5
The chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons is called a(n):
covalent bond
ionic bond
metallic bond
orbital bond
6
Which of the following is/are true of a competitive irreversible enzyme inhibitor? (choose all that apply)
Not easily released from the active site
Binds to any site of the enzyme
Can be released from the active site
Binds to same active site as the intended substrate
7
Smooth ER synthesizes which of the following?
Galactose and fructose
All of the above
Proteins and DNA
Lipids and steroids
8
What is the net charge of a natural state atom after it transfers one of its electrons to another atom?
+2
-2
+1
-1
9
The basic functions of the plasma membrane proteins are... (choose all that apply)
Act as enzymes - catalyze reactions
increase surface area
anchor the cell
serve as receptors
10
After glycolysis, pyruvate is converted into ___ ___ before entering the TCA cycle.
CO2
acetyl CoA
NADH
Sike, it stays as pyruvate
11
The process of creating mRNA from DNA is called _____, which requires the enzyme RNA polymerase.
translation
reflection
transcription
duplication
12
Genetic variability in sexually reproducing organisms arises within
Egg and sperm genetic recombination from distinct individuals
Crossover events between sister chromatids
Egg and sperm genetic recombination from an individual
Crossover events between non-sister chromatids
13
Which type of microscopy has the greatest resolving power?
phase-contrast
fluorescence
confocal scanning
electron
14
Ribosomes synthesize:
lipids
proteins
nucleotides
polysaccharides
15
In order to examine mRNA transcripts isolated from cells…
DNA transcriptase
DNA polymerase
Reverse convertase
Reverse transcriptase
16
Which of the following are coenzymes?
NADH
NAD+
NADP
FAD
17
Which of the following is/are true with regard to water movement in osmosis?
isotonic → hypotonic
hypertonic → hypotonic
hypotonic → hypertonic
hypertonic → isotonic
18
All of the following are associated with substration activation except...
electron transfer
bond distortion
proton transfer
neutron transfer
19
What is the end product of the TCA cycle and electron transport?
FADH2
CO2
NADH
H2O
20
Which of the following is false about DNA?
nitrogenous bases bond via hydrogen bonds
The strands are oriented in an antiparallel direction
Thymine bonds with Adenine, and Guanine bonds with Cytosine
DNA leaves the nucleus to synthesize protein
21
Depending on the needs of the cell, glucose can be metabolized in what ways?
It can be stored as energy by converting it into glycogen fat
It can be converted into pyruvate
It can be catabolized into water and CO2 when oxygen is present
It can be catabolized into lactate when oxygen isn't present
22
The nitrogenous bases of DNA are divided into 2 groups: purines and pyrimidines. Which of the following are purines?
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
23
ATP contains a high-energy outer phosphoanhydride bond that releases 7.3 kcal/mo when broken by hydrolysis.
True
False
24
Which of the following is not a product of fermentation?
CO2
sucrose
lactate
NAD+
25
____ ____ are synthetic and require energy input.
catabolic processes
anabolic processes
26
Louis Pasteur's experiments with yeast led to the discovery of _____.
enzymes
bread
DNA
proteins
27
The most observable difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that eukaryotes have a membrane bound nucleus.
False
True
28
The nitrogenous bases of DNA are divided into 2 groups: purines and pyrimidines. Which of the following are pyrimidines?
Guanine
Cytosine
Adenine
Thymine
29
Which type of energy is the most capable of breaking a chemical bond in DNA?
ultraviolet
visible light
infrared
30
Glycolysis is a 10-step process that takes place in the mitochondria and does not require oxygen.
False
True
31
Which of the following best describes the directionality of an amino acid?
location of the amino and carboxyl functional groups
Levoratory or dextrorotatory arrangement
the R group
the hydrogen bonding
32
The limit of resolution can be best defined as:
distance 2 objects must be apart to be distinguished as separate objects
the solvent that must be available to remix a solution
the magnification power of a microscope
distance an object must be moved to be distinguished from its background
33
Which of the following types of work is performed by the sodium/potassium pump?
electrical
mechanical
synthetic
concentration
34
Watson and Crick proposed the double helix structure of DNA, but they couldn't have done it without ____.
Ohm
Kreb
Franklin
Fermat
35
What is the number of electrons found orbiting the nucleus of an atom of nitrogren when it's in its natural state?
18
7
15
14
36
The chemical reaction that bonds 2 monosaccharides to form one disaccharide is known as hydrolysis.
True
False
37
Which of the following is not a major functional class of proteins?
enzymes
trifunctional proteins
regulatory proteins
motility proteins
38
This type of inhbitor that binds to the enzyme somewhere other than the active site is a(n) _____ inhibitor.
distortion
noncompetitive
competitive
coenzyme
39
What is the net result of glycolysis per glucose? (choose all that apply)
2 pyruvate
2 ATP
2 NADH
2 NAD+
40
Why is a selectively permeable membrane so important to living things?
It allows cells to attach to adjacent tissues
The membrane may absorb several times its weight in cholesterol
Proteins will avoid a selectively permeable membrane
It provides a good barrier between the inside and outside of the cell
41
The preferred source of energy for cells is carbohydrates.
True
False
42
Which of the following is not an example of facilitated diffusion?
aquaporins
oxygen transport
GLUT1 glucose transporter
anion exchange protein
43
In cells, glucose has 4 main fates. Which of the following is not one of those fates?
Glucose is catabolized to carbon dioxide and water
Glucose is transformed into sucrose
Glucose is converted to lactate
Glucose is used to synthesize glycogen
44
Mitosis and meiosis differ in that
Sister chromatids are separated in prophase I of meiosis
Homologous are separated in prophase of mitosis
Homologous are separated in prophase I of meiosis
Homologous are separated in prophase II of meiosis
45
What method is best for determining paternity?
gas chromatography
electrophoresis
simple chromatography
mass spectroscopy
46
Gluconeogenesis is when the cell runs out of glucose and fats, so it synthesizes its own glucose from non-carb sources.
False
True
47
Which of the following best describes the special "high-energy" bond of ATP?
hydrogen
hydrogenation
phosphoester
phosphoanhydride
48
Oxygen is toxic to:
aerotolerant organisms
strict anaerobics
strict aerobics
facultative anaerobes
49
In some organisms, a normal stop codon, UGA, encodes for the amino acid ______.
Leucine
Isoleucine
Selenocysteine
Arginine
50
During strenuous exercise, you may notice that your muscles burn. Which statement best explains this phenomenon?
Proteins are being digested to provide energy
Carbon dioxide is building up in muscle and changing the pH
Without oxygen, pyruvate is being converted to lactic acid
ADP is accumulating, which produces a burning sensation
51
How many of carbon's electrons are available for bonding with other atoms?
6
2
4
3
52
Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA by a unique enzyme known as
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Pyruvate decarboxylase
Transitionase system
Pyruvate CoA transferase
53
If an atom has 12 positively charged subatomic particles, whiat must it also have to be considered a neutral atom?
12 protons
24 protons and neutrons
12 neutrons
12 electrons
54
DNA is a polymer that consists of 2 long strands of nucleotides bonded to one another by ____ bonds.
hydrogen
phosphate
carbon
oxygen
55
Which chemical bond is most stable?
carbon-to-hydrogen single bond
Carbon-to-carbon single bond
Carbon-to-carbon double bond
Carbon-to-carbon triple bond
56
Change in a single nucleotide that results in no change in amino acid sequence of the polypeptide produced is known as a
Missense mutation
Frameshift mutation
None of the above
Silent mutation
57
What are the 3 principal stages of cellular respiration of glucose?
citric acid cycle
glycolysis
electron transport chain
hydrolysis
58
Which of the following is not a fundamental property of carbon?
Carbon-containing molecules form stereoisomers
Carbon-containing molecules are diverse
Carbon has a valence of 4
Carbon atoms are most likely to form ionic bonds with one another
59
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for specifically transcribing tRNA in eukaryotic cells?
RNA polymerase III
RNA polymerase I
Primate
RNA polymerase II
60
The 3 processes of cellular respiration of glucose collectively generate how much ATP per glucose?
38
42
34
28
61
Which element contains 1 proton more than potassium?
Scandium
Argon
Chlorine
Calcium
62
Which of the following is FALSE about oxidation reactions?
It is an energy liberating process
All of these are true
It involves the removal of an electron
A hydrogen atom is often also removed (dehydrogenation)
63
After glycolysis, without oxygen, pyruvate is converted into lactate via fermentation.
False
True
64
The fate of pyruvate depends on the presence of oxygen. With oxygen, pyruvate is...
further catabolized in the TCA cycle
converted into lactate through fermentation
converted into CO2
anabolized in the TCA cycle
65
How many protons would you find in the nucleus of a potassium atom?
14
17
12
19
66
Which of the following is an enzyme?
histidine
carboxypeptidase A
iron
N-acetylmuramic acid
67
Of the following codons, which encodes a normal translational stop?
UAG
AGG
UUU
AUG
68
Cellulose belongs to which of the following groups of macromolecules?
lipids
nucleic acids
proteins
carbohydrates
69
The synthesis of aprotein using mRNA is called _____.
duplication
transcription
replication
translation
70
What two factors limited the quality of early microscopy?
microtomes
resolving power
magnification
lack of variety of dyes
71
When DNA is duplicated, one strand...
semiconservative replication
conservative replication
conservation
72
Which scientist's experiments laid the foundation for the discovery of hereditary factors?
Gregor Mendel
Robert Hooke
Louis Pasteur
Gustav Embden
73
Which type of electron microscope is best for visualizing the internal aspects of a cell?
Transmission
compound
Scanning
light
74
Who was the first scientist to use a microscope to observe individual cells in a piece of cork?
Robert Hooke
Walther Flemming
Hans Wyman
Louis Pasteur
75
According to lecture, glycolysis is divided into 3 phases. In which phase of glycolysis is ATP not generated?
1 and 2
1
3
2
76
Which one of the following terms equates to the highest level of scientific certainty?
Rule
Theory
Hypothesis
Law
77
Which of the following is an example of a defensive protein?
cell surface receptor
antibody
hormone
keratin
78
A water molecule (H2O) is considered polar because the hydrogen atoms have a greater affinity for electrons.
True
False
79
Which number represents the number of protons for a particular element?
valence number
atomic number
Avogadro's number
mass number
80
An enzyme is active in the stomach of an animal but quickly loses its activity when it leaves the stomach. This shows...
Enzymes are specific to the organs in which they are produced
Enzymes are consumed by the quantities of substrate in the small intestine
Enzymes are inactivated by movement
Enzymes are sensitive to changes in pH
81
Oxidation-reduction reactions occur simultaneously and are called redox reactions.
True
False
82
Which of the following is NOT one of Schwann's cell theory postulates?
All organisms consist of one or more cells
The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms
All cells arise only from pre-existing cells
83
Process by which a plasma membrane invaginates to create a vesicle around a substance before transporting it into a cell
Diffusion
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Passive diffusion
84
Which of the following is not a tenet of the cell theory?
The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms
All organisms consist of one or more cells
All cells arise from preexisting cells
All cells have a membrane-bound nucleus
85
The movement of water thru a membrane, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, is known as
osmosis
active transport
facilitated transport
passive transport
86
One mechanism by which ions are specifically transported into the cell is the _____. (select all that apply)
uniport transport model
gated channel
carrier protein transport
alternating conformation model
87
Once carbohydrates are depleted, cells will begin to catabolize _____.
fats
proteins
nothing, you're going to die
88
The phases of meiosis that most resemble those of mitosis are
The meiosis I phases
Meiosis II, except for the pairing of homologues
The meiosis II phases
Meiosis I, except for the pairing of homologous
89
The gross output of ATP from glycolysis is _____, whereas the net output of ATP is _____.
4; 1
2; 4
2; 1
4; 2
90
β-oxidation...
is the second step in the oxidation of glucose
is a process used to digest some polysaccharides
occurs in the cytoplasm
is a process used to oxidase fatty acids
91
During glycolysis, glucose is converted into _____.
ATP
pyruvate
H2O
lactate
92
Which of the following is FALSE about reduction reactions?
A Hydrogen is often also added to the same molecule (hydrogenation)
It involves the addition of an electron
It happens after oxidation reactions
It requires energy
93
If more than one codon specifies the same amino acid, the code is said to be
Redundant
Degenerate
Inverse
Complementary
94
A change in a nucleotide sequence that results in…
None of the above
Frameshift mutation
Missense mutation
Silent mutation
95
Which of the following codons is associated with the amino acid phenylalanine?
UAG
UUU
AUG
AAC
96
How many chromatids are present in prophase I of meiosis in a diploid cell, 2n = 12?
6
12
48
24
97
A sick person often has a fever, which can inhibit the growth of bacteria because...
sweating removed prosthetic groups from biological enzymes
Enzymes do not function as well at temps other than the optimal temps
Bacteria reproduce more rapidly at higher body temperatures
the higher temperature increases the activity of lyases
98
In eukaryotes, pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA
In the intermembrane space
In the mitochondrial matrix
In the cellular cytosol
When passing through the mitochondrial outer membrane
99
Why do polar substances such as NaCl dissolve so readily in water? Choose all that apply.
NaCl is a very dry powder and the water is able to soak into the salt
The sodium ions repel the negative end of the water molecule
Spheres of hydration form between the water and the ions
Charged ends of water molecules can surround oppositely charged salt ion
100
Carbon has a total of ____ electrons in its outermost shell.
2
4
6
8

Cell Bio Practice Quizzes Flashcards | StudBud