History 101 Terms

Created the atomic theory that the universe is made of invisible, indestructible particles

Baghdad physician, first physician to distinguish smallpox and measles, produced an encyclopedia treatise on medicine

The oldest dominant male of the family who held great power over the lives of family members

Christians assimilated with Muslims

Sumerian form of writing; The term describes the wedge-shaped marks made by a stylus

Wrote a political treatise describing an ideal city whose ruler is morally and intellectually perfect

Chosed to be Muhammad's successor, called "commander of the Believers"

Accounts and sayings of Muhammad, provided the normative example of Muslim traditions and practices, another term Sunna?

Arabic for community, united Muhammad's followers from different tribes and set religious ties above clan loyalty

Conquered the Roman legions of the emperor Valerian, employed pow to build stuff

A school for the study of Muslim law and religion

A type of Greek government in which citizens who owned a certain amount of property ruled

Great surgeon, discussed the cauterization of wounds-searing with a branding iron + crushing of stones in the bladder

Concluded natural phenomenas could be explained by natrual terms not by gods

General of Alexander the Great. He seized Egypt and his descendants ruled for over 300 years

A roman wife who was raped and then commited suicide. Father adn husband swore vengance. Caused fall of monoarchy

Harmonized the principles of ethical and social conduct and the religious precepts of the Qur'an

Classified plants accuractely, dected process of germination, realized importance of climate and soil to plants

Jews, Christians, Zoroasterians. Protected people who worshiped one god. Recognized Muslim supremacy and paid small tax

A peaceful group of Egyptians that brought Egypt into the Bronze Age

A Roman commentator, who warned against over using Earth's resources, suggested repair by mining

Christian scholar, translated Galen's medical works into Arabic, made Baghdad center for the study and practice of meds

Roman historian, who argued that the acquisition of an empire was the beginning of Rome's troubles

High priestess in the city of Ur, wrote a number of hymns, world's first author to write her name to a literary comp

Hellenistic astronomer, proposed earth and planents revolved around the sun, made advancements in math and astronomy

Athenians known for their intellectual accomplishments as well as sexual allure. They attended symposium; no wives

Muslim law, which converts social, criminal, political, commercial, and religious matters

librarian of Ptolemaic library in Alexandria, proposed earth is a globe, calculated circumference

Means a holy war against unbelievers or an individual struggle against sin.

A writing system that employs characters in the form of picture

Social system in which men have more power and access to resources than women, and some men are dominant over other men

From Baghdad, 5th Abbasid Empire's caliph, organized the translation of Greek medicinal and philosophical texts

A female poet of the 6th centuryBC, wrote about same-sex relations (not marriage) for females

Religious Scholars who interpret the Qur'an and the Sunna, the deeds and sayings of Muhammad

Commander of the eastern armies, designated his sons to be his successors, started the Flavian dynasty

first king to rule an army, created a large state, encouraged trading networks, adapted cuneiform writing to Akkadian

Persian scholar, produced astronomical tables, wrote the treatise Algebra, adopted Hindu system of numbers

A judge who insisted on the right to subject all knowledge, except the dogmas of faith, to the the test of reason

First dramatist to explores questions such as rights of an individual, good vs evil, individual vs society

The common people of Rome, who were free but had few of the patricians' advantages