Review for boards

The rate of kinetic energy lost per unit path length is referred to as:

Where is a sarcoma most likely to metastasize?

Normal platelet count is approximately:

Digitally reconstructed radiograph shown is likely the initial treatment field for treatment of

Which of the following does not ionize directly?

What thickness of Cerrobend would be equivalent to 5 cm of lead?

The last part of the colon that leads into the rectum is known as the:

The most common site for metastatic spread of carcinoma of the penis is:

The average photon beam energy produced by a 6 MV linear accelerator is approximately ___ MV

TD 5/5 for both whole lungs given in fractions of 180 cGy/day?

Primary reason to angle the gantry posteriorly when treating Grave's disease w/ 2 lateral field

Total body is exposed to a dose of 4500 cGy in a single exposure, most likely cause of death

When treating a patient w/ cancer of the tongue, what is the purpose of a bite block?

Which of the following is the best method to prevent the spread of infection?

MV port films taken on MV machines have less contrast than kV films bc the MV image is from:

What is NOT true regarding neutron interactions ?

Lead alone could be used in room shielding when the following interactions predominate:

What fraction would you multiply an electron energy by to estimate 90% isodose range?

The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that folds back to cover the entrance of the:

The false vocal cords are located ______ to the glottis

If a patient receives a tumor dose of 250 cGy/day at 79.2%dd, what is the daily max dose?

50 keV electron collides w/ inner shell electron w/ binding energy of 25 keV, the photoelectron

Hair loss is usually permanent when the scalp is exposed to radiation doses exceeding

The uterus includes which of the following anatomical areas?

A reduction in overall treatment time without a change in total dose is known as:

In the normal adult male the prostate is located _______ to the bladder

The most common thermoluminescence material used in radiation dosimetry is:

When treating with orthovoltage, the PDD will increase w/ all of the following EXCEPT:

The 80% isodose line can be estimated for electrons by dividing the energy by:

A barrier that attenuates the useful power of the beam to the required degree is?

Lung cancer frequently spreads to:

Linear accelerators have which of the following type of target?

How many joules are in 1 electron volt?

Which of the following is true regarding the wavelength frequencies of electromagneticradiation

Which of the following devices are used for area surveys:

Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation ?

Which of the forces of nature is the weakest?

____ describes the thickness of medium needed to attenuate a beam’s original intensity in half.

Split beam technique in which half of the field is blocked:

Which of the following is the most radiosensitive structures?

Deodorant should not be used when it is an area within the field because deodorants will:

The orbital electron shell that is closest to the nucleus is:

during a convulsive seizure, the most important action to be taken by a therapist is:

30 year old radiation worker would be allowed _____ rem whole-body cumulative exposure

When using rotational arc therapy, MUs should be calculated using which methods?

Exposure is:

Deficiency in the number of circulating white blood cells in the body is called:

A glioma spreads primarily by way of

What is the most potent chemical modifier of radiosensitivity to X & gamma rays?

Mayneord's F factor is a correction for which of the following:

Iodine based contrast should only be administered when the content is:

The rapid fall off of dose around a cesium-137 source in a 5 cm radius of tissue is primarily:

When treating the maxillary antrum, which neighboring structure is most sensitive?

1 mSv is equal to _______ rem

The term flexion, when used to describe positron, means

The pituitary gland secretes which reproductive hormones?

What is NOT true regarding dose equivalent?

Which of the following energy levels has the lowest binding energy?

RBE is dependent on which of the following:

Which of the following systems must be functioning in order to treat safely?

Volume that consists of the demonstrated tumor and any other tissue presumed to contain tumor:

Patient presents with a bloody nasal discharge and a neck mass, diagnosis is likely to be:

Where dose the spinal cord start and stop in normal adults?

The average diastolic pressure in the adult is about:

Epistaxis is another name for:

Patient thickness is 20cm ANT-SSD is 90 cm. What should the ruler read from tabletop to iso

Written defamation of character is best known as:

The most common presenting sign of wilms tumor is:

With beta decay

According to NRC regulations, what is the MPD for those who are NOT trained radiation workers?

Proximal and distal margin around a soft tissue sarcoma should be atleast ___ cm

Bone marrow depression is most likely to occur when you are treating which part of the body?

An example of a non-stochastic effect from radiation exposure is:

When performing a CT on a patient for IMRT treatment of prostate, what size slices are used?

Which of the following is the most common metastatic site for prostate cancer?

The patient's chin is tilted down when treating a pituitary gland to avoid the:

Breast slant boards are used rather than lying the patient flat so:

Anatomical data for CT imaging and reconstruction is acquired through the

The number of protons is an atom is also known as:

Preferred material for custom block and compensator holders is(reduced electron contamination)

A non-osseous tumor of the bone marrow is:

When is a sentinel lymph node biopsy most important?

Which of the following examination instruments is necessary for a Papanicolaou test?

TD 5/5 using standard fractionation for the lens of the eye

A breast bridge may be used to:

When treating the whole brain which drug is used to reduce radiation induced edema?

What is the main advantage of using cerrobend over lead in custom blocking?

For radiation workers, the occupational dose is usually reported in:

The most common histopathology of endometrial cancer is:

What external landmark can be used to localize the top of the larynx?

The angle of the mandible is generally located at which cervical vertebra level?

For patients w/ bladder cancer, the bladder should be ____ during treatment.

A photon has a wavelength of 0.08 A. What is the photon’s energy in electron volts?

The term that best describes the complete removal of all microorganisms is called:

Which photon interaction with matter is most likely to occur with diagnostic imaging?

What normal organ would be at most risk when treating a maxillary sinus tumor?

Which complaint from a pelvis iso patient would warrant interruption of treatment?

The degree of cellular differentiation and rate of tumor growth is the:

What symptoms are most often associated with carcinoma of the cervix?

Which of the following chemotherapeutic drugs sensitizes the human heart?

Collection of fluids or gasses in the pleural space leading to lung collapse is referred to as

Equivalent square of the resultant field of an 12 x 12 field with a 4 x 6 block

The amount of energy transferred to a material per unit length of travel is termed:

The normal limits for PSA in the patient under 60 years old is less than or equal to

A "star" shot on a linear accelerator is performed to test the rotational axis of the:

It is important to detect a neoplasm early, when it is small, because smaller tumors show:

To avoid electron contamination accessories should be kept at least __ cm away from the patient

Which of the following tissues arise from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)?

Which disorder is likely cause of reported familial clusters of esophageal squamous cell cancer

Intensity of a beam is measured at a distance of 100cm & is 150cGy/min. What is it at 105cm

Hypofractionation is:

During total central nervous system irradiation, the patient is typically:

The practical range for 18 MeV electrons is:

Which of the following is not true regarding late effects of radiation?

Treating a breast patient, the slope of the sternal notch to the xiphoid could be corrected by:

During Xray production, the process by which electrons are liberated at the cathode is known as

Which is the largest paranasal sinus cavity?

The collapse of a part or all of the lung, which often results from bronchial obstruction is:

The vallecula is located at the level of which of the following anatomical structures?

treatment designed at 100 SSD, but patient was mistakenly treated at 94 SSD. What is the error

Standard time that should elapse between BID treatments?

For greater tumor control of Ewing’s sarcoma, radiation dose must be higher than:

Overall, most intracranial malignancies are

A patient w/ tuberculosis should be placed in:

Which of the following are used to calibrate linear accelerators ?

Volume of lung w/in an anterior supraclav field can be reduced when treating breast carcinoma

Which of the following is the most common site for a spinal cord compression?

Nasopharyngeal tumors drain through what lymph node group first?

Categories of visitors who are excluded from visiting a radioactive iodine patient are:

To preserve the skin sparing properties of the MV photon beam, Compensators are __from the skin

How much energy is in one atomic mass unit (amu)?

A cancerous tumor composed of glandular tissue would be called a/an

AAPM TG-40, gantry/collimator angle indicators on the LINAC must agree within _____degree(s).

What is the allowable cumulative exposure for a radiation worker?

Representation of dose in an irradiated volume, as a function of spatial position on one line

The CTV is larger than the GTV because it includes the

In a 120 degree arc rotation technique, the center of the high dose zone would be:

The opening to the uterus is known as the:

Breast cancer metastasizes to:

Which histological type would a tumor of the larynx likely be?

What type of lung cancer may need prophylactic brain irradiation?

The rate of kinetic energy lost per unit path length is referred to as

The trendelenberg position is appropriate for a patient experiencing a medical emergencysuch as

The most radiosensitive stage of the cell cycle is:

The lobes of the thyroid gland are separated by the:

Patients who are neutropenic frequently present w/ ___ due to this condition

What is the dose at which you generally reduce the field off cord when treating H&N cancer?

Patient receives 300 cGy/day to a spinal cord lesion at 89.5%dd. What is the dmax dose/day?

Assuming ideal patient contour, the optimal hinge angle for a 45 degree wedged pair is

Which type of chemotherapy is known to cause hearing loss?

the largest lymphoid tissue is the:

Why do high energy photon accelerators re3quire flattening filters?

The stomach is located in which quadrant?

Backscatter factors are independent of:

Why is a tumor of the parotid gland frequently treated with a ipsilateral beam arrangement?

What is the approx. Dmax of a 10 mV linear accelerator?

Decay constant ( λ ) can be determined by dividing the element’s half-life by:

In coherent scattering, the energy of the ejected photon is___than the incident photon.

A patient is setup on a wingboard w/ both arms up. What areas are commonly treated this way?

The tunica albuginea is a part of the ovary and describes a/an:

TD 5/5 for the whole brain using standard fractionation is approximately:

Areas outside the target that receives a higher dose than the specific target dose is?

Which type of medical apparatus should normally remain at a level above the patient always?

What is the therapeutic ratio if the normal tissue tolerance is 50 Gy and lethal dose is 40 Gy

All of the following are antiemetics except:

After what time period would fibrosis generally appear following standard external beam therapy

An advantage of using wedged pair technique is that beyond the point of beam intersection

A strontium-90 applicator may be useful in the treatment of which of the following eye diseases

2 wedges used to treat maxillary antrum w/ anterior and a lateral. Wedges should be adjacent to

The vocal cords are found within a structure formed by cartilage called the:

TD 5/5 of the whole kidney when given in fractions of 180 cGy/day?

Stage T1N0M3 means:

A patient treated w/ cesium insertion for cervical would need external beam radiation after for

A patient is treated w/ more than 1 beam, misalignment between parallel opposed beams is due to

What type of lung cancer has the highest incidence of metastases at presentation?

Which is false about electron beams

Regarding management of skin reactions, all of the following are true except:

The lower constricted portion of the uterus is called the:

When treating a patient for a seminoma, the primary purpose of the testicular shield is to:

Effects where the severity of effect varies with rad dose, and a threshold exists is called:

When dealing with OER and anoxic tissue, which would be the most effective?

The cancer management modality most likely to induce remission in newly diagnosed leukemia is:

2 major energies associated w/ cobalt 60 beta decay are gamma energies of:

German helmet radiation port encompasses what when treating acute lymphocytic leukemia?

Direct exposure to lasers that are used for patient alignment purposes can be a hazard for the

Which of the following is not a function of skin cells?

Glioblastoma patient experiences nausea, dizziness and blurred vision. Most Likely reason?

The normal pulse rate in the adult is:

Most pancreas tumors originate in the:

What interaction is responsible for neutron contamination in radiation therapy?

Portal verification is defined as the documentation of:

Which of the following should be checked on a linac daily

Console and control panel for the linear accelerator should have a visual display showing the:

In single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery

The average life of a radioactive source with a half-life of 32 minutes is

An iatrogenic infection is one caused by:

What precautions should be taken when treating the chest of a patient w/ a pacemaker?

From what type of tissue do most sarcomas arise?

Treating the entire CNS axis, the INF spine port extends to __ to encompass the cauda equina

The most common type of leukemia in children is:

The trachea bifurcates at the level of:

The most common presentation of superior vena cava syndrome is:

The spleen is located in which quadrant?

TD 5/5 for parotid using standard fractionation that patients will develop xerostomia

To verify the field and the light field are aligned on a 10 MV LINAC you could:

ICRU terminology calls the area that is defined as the palpable or visual tumor:

Isotopes have the same number of ______ and different number of __________.

What cancer is "peau de orange" associated with?

The normal range for platelets in the adult is:

What does the oropharynx region include?

Patient dose monitoring can be accurately measured with:

What does ALARA mean?

Indian club needles have:

What is the technique in which a skin cancer is removed and examined one layer at a time?

Which of the following is the most common primary brain tumor in adults?

On inspiration, the diaphragm moves

Separation is 30 cm. Posterior SSD is 89 cm what is the anterior SSD

The purpose of protective (reverse) isolation is:

The main route of breast carcinoma as it metastasizes is first through the:

The pituitary gland is located in the

By what factor does the intensity decrease when someone moves from 10 to 20 meters away?

Trachea is a hollow tube ~10 cm in length that extends from larynx to a bifurcation called the:

In primary bone tumors, the primary mode of distant metastasis is through:

The common iliac nodes are generally found around the level of:

PDD increases with:

When calculating attenuation with this formula, I x = I₀e^-μx, what does μ represent?

FDG-PET imaging may be able to detect tumors not demonstrated on CT due to

If the lower mantle is treated for the management of Hodgkin’s disease, gonadal protection is:

The most common type of breast cancer is:

Expected total dose to point A for cervical treatment from external beam and brachytherapy is ~

which of the following is not a principle of using proper body mechanics?

The half-life of cobalt-60 is:

To prevent the spread of airborne droplet infection, which of the following must be employed?

In order to make custom Cerrobend blocks, the following information is needed:

Max energy of scattered photons from strike on orbital electron & 180 degree scatter

Klystrons and magnetrons are:

Methods for a definitive diagnosis of cancer would include

The inf border of the larynx port for a vocal cord carcinoma should anatomically correspond to:

The traditional unit for exposure is:

Bolus can be used to:

In upper mantle treatment, the arms may be elevated above the head or akimbo to move the

Which of the following methods is used to deliver hyperalimentation?

The largest salivary gland in the head and neck is the:

The inguinal nodes are generally included in which of the following treatment sites?

The volume larger than the treatment volume receiving some significant dose is the:

Photon energies between 0.15 MeV & 10 MeV, the predominant type of interaction is:

Clarkson’s method is used to determine the scatter produced in

Which of the following are interactions between an incident photon and an atomic nucleus

Wet desquamation may be best managed by:

What external landmark can be used to locate the carina?

The parathyroids are located on the:

The most common long term effect of radiation therapy to the lung is:

As SSD increases, depth dose:

All chemicals used in a department require:

Monitoring of dose rate and field symmetry is best accomplished by using a (an):

The ___________ tail is seen at the end of electron depth dose curves.

If a patient has a reaction to contrast media, you would expect to see all EXCEPT:

Partial breast irradiation may involve treatment techniques that employ all EXCEPT

Depth of maximum dose is most dependent on:

Magnification factor formula

Radiation is used preop for the management of colon cancer, the total tumor dose would be __Gy

Section of the bladder between the ureters and the urethra is known as the:

The pituitary is located

Pair production occurs in ________.

The xiphoid is located at the level of:

Where are Pancoast tumors located?

Process of modifying the beam to optimize dose distribution throughout the treatment volume is

With breast cancer which of the following patterns of lymph drainage occurs most often:

A malignant tumor of striated muscle would be called a/an:

Germ cells proliferate during:

Which of the following photon interactions with matter involves energy being converted to mass?

In Brehmsstrahlung radiation, the incoming electron:

Photoelectric interactions of a 60 keV beam are greatest in:

TD 5/5 of the whole liver using standard fractionation is:

The actual physical dimensions of the tumor, including regions of presumed occult spread, is

What is the purpose of the scattering foil in a linear accelerator?

Point of intersection of the collimators and the gantry axis of rotation is the:

Which of the following structures is most radiosensitive?

The quality factor for gamma radiation is:

A wedge transmission factor of 0.895 indicates a wedge attenuation of the beam by:

Which of the following has the LEAST radiosensitivity?

A treatment time of 2 mins requires you add a wedge w/ a factor of 0.5, what is the new time?

Regarding Linear accelerators, which of the following is true?