What is Lamarck's full name

Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck

What is precipitation

Moisture falling from the clouds in any way or form

How do Detritivores (“detritus eating”) get nutrients

Ingesting dead organic material and internally absorb nutrients

What is the aquatic carbon cycle

The movements of carbon through marine ecosystems

Why is interspecific competition important

Limiting the total size of various populations

What are homologous characters

Similar since they were inherited from a common ancestor that also had it

When a species can be both male and female

A known quantity of a resource that can be economically taken from enviro.

What is a non-renewable resource

Can not be replenished once they are depleted, Resources formed over very long geological periods

Why is reproduction important

It helps a species to survive by replacing the aging population

What is artificial selection

Modification of a species by human intervention to make it more desirable

What is the terrestrial carbon cycle

The movement of carbon through terrestrial ecosystems

An organism’s ability to change in response to environmental conditions

Detritivores (detritus eating), Saprotrophs (rotten nourishment)

A group of individual organisms that are able to interbreed to reproduce, a group of interbreeding organisms that don't often breed with other groups

What are sequential hermaphrodites

Start out one gender and switch to the other later on in life

What is asexual reproduction

All offspring are exact genetic copies of their single parent

What is a renewable resource

Resources which can be replenished or reproduced easily

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Ecology Exam Prep

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Questions 144

Answers

1
When two species have the exact same resource/niche one will either become extinct or will adapt - this is called
Adaptive shift
Morphological variation
Character displacement
Niche separation
2
What is not an example of an ovoviviparous species
Snake
Frog
Sharks
Guppy
3
Consumers are
Saprotrophs (rotten nourishment)
Autotrophs (self feeder)
Heterotrophs (other nutrition)
Detritivores (detritus eating)
4
An altricial animal is
Ducks
Mice
Chickens
Deer
5
What is Lamarck's full name
Sir Evolutionary von Mutation III
Leonardo Di Lamarckio
Jean-Baguette Croissant Lamarck
Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck
6
Natural resources are also divided based on
Stage of development
The number of animals that rely on them for food
The temperature of the environment where they are found
How much human effort is required to harvest them
7
Four limbs of tetrapods is homology
False
True
8
Primary Consumers are
Carnivores
Omnivores
Herbivories
Decomposers
9
What is precipitation
During photosynthesis plants produce water vapour into a gas > atmosphere
Moisture falling from the clouds in any way or form
The process of water continuing to move through the soil at lower levels
Water being released back into the air
10
How do Detritivores (“detritus eating”) get nutrients
Sun
Live on or in dead things pooping digestive enzymes and absorbing nutrients
Plants or animals
Ingesting dead organic material and internally absorb nutrients
11
What is the aquatic carbon cycle
The movements of carbon through marine ecosystems
Seasonal migration route followed by animals that need carbon-rich plants
The industrial cycle of carbon used in manufacturing plastics and fuels
The movement of carbon through terrestrial ecosystems
12
Arm bones in whales, humans, horses, and bats is an example of divergent evolution
True
False
13
Fish and amphibians lay anamniotic eggs
True
False
14
Producers are
Saprotrophs (rotten nourishment)
Heterotrophs (other nutrition)
Detritivores (detritus eating)
Autotrophs (self feeders)
15
What is not considered an oviparous animal
Clownfish
Robin
Frog
Goat
16
Why is interspecific competition important
It has no effect on ecosystems or species evolution
It helps different species avoid competition by sharing resources equally
It leads to all competing species going extinct
Limiting the total size of various populations
17
What is not a R-selected species
Rodents
Rhino
Crops
Fish
18
An organism is
A group of different species living together
A machine that mimics life but isn’t actually alive
Any member of a single species
A group of different species living together
19
Genotype is
What makes up your physical apperance
What makes up DNA
A type of genetic mutation caused by environmental factors
A type of genetic mutation caused by environmental factors
20
What are homologous characters
Traits animals copy from each other to fit in with their ecosystem
Similar since they were inherited from a common ancestor that also had it
Characters from the same nature documentary
Plant personalities that get along really well
21
Actual and potential resources are often referred to as reserves
True
False
22
Hermaphroditism is
A rare condition where animals can change colors based on mood
A social behavior where animals form lifelong partnership
A sleeping pattern where organisms hibernate for exactly half the year
When a species can be both male and female
23
What is a reserve
A known quantity of a resource that can be economically taken from enviro.
A machine used to measure natural resource consumption
A type of predator that only hunts during certain seasons
An area where all human activity is prohibited permanently
24
R-Selected Species are Opportunists
False
True
25
What is a non-renewable resource
Resources which can be replenished or reproduced easily
Can not be replenished once they are depleted
Resources formed over very long geological periods
Resources not affected by human use
26
Logos means
Home
Writing
Biodiversity
Study/Knowledge
27
This recycling of materials through use of food sources is called a
Food web
Food chart
Food chain
Food links
28
Why is reproduction important
It allows organisms to develop new species instantly
It helps organisms live longer by avoiding environmental stress
It helps a species to survive by replacing the aging population
It provides organisms with a source of food for survival
29
Anamniotic eggs can ONLY be laid in the water
False
True
30
What is artificial selection
When animals choose their own mates based on instinct
Modification of a species by human intervention to make it more desirable
Where organisms with the best traits survive without human involvement
The random mixing of genes in wild populations over time
31
How much will sea levels rise if the Greenland ice shield melts
12m
50m
2m
7m
32
What is the terrestrial carbon cycle
The movement of carbon through terrestrial ecosystems
Seasonal migration route followed by animals that need carbon-rich plants
The industrial cycle of carbon used in manufacturing plastics and fuels
The movements of carbon through marine ecosystems
33
What is plasticity
The ability of an organism to produce plastic-based compounds for defense
When species evolve into plastic-like forms due to environmental stress
A measure of how much plastic pollution an ecosystem can handle
An organism’s ability to change in response to environmental conditions
34
Metal can be recycled making it a hybrid between renewable and non-renewable
True
False
35
The Linnaean System of Classification is
A way to organize organisms by their size and weight
A system that classifies organisms based on their favorite food
A system that classifies organisms based on their geographic location
Phylogenic
36
Secondary Consumers are
Carnivores
Decomposers
Omnivores
Herbivores
37
What is biodiversity
How many different types of weather occur in one day
The number of recycling bins in a given ecosystem
The variety of life on Earth
The number of different exercise routines used by animals in the wild
38
Food chains show ALL interconnections between ALL species, regardless of trophic level
True
False
39
Decomposers are
Heterotrophs (other nutrition)
Detritivores (detritus eating)
Saprotrophs (rotten nourishment)
Autotrophs (self feeder)
40
Species are
A single individual organism
A group of individual organisms that are able to interbreed to reproduce
a group of interbreeding organisms that don't often breed with other groups
A group of completely unrelated organisms that live in the same habitat
41
What two parts does the carbon cycle naturally consists of
Terrestrial and aquatic
Ocean and air
Rocks and plants
Atmosphere and fossils
42
What lays ovuliparous eggs
Amphibians
Fish
Mammals
Reptiles
43
What are sequential hermaphrodites
A survival tactic where an organism disguises as a plant to avoid predators
A behavior where animals line up to mate in a perfect sequence
Start out one gender and switch to the other later on in life
A time-traveling ability where animals switch between past and future gens.
44
What is asexual reproduction
Reproduction that requires two parents to produce offspring
All offspring are exact genetic copies of their single parent
Reproduction that requires two parents to produce offspring
Reproduction that only occurs in animals with complex behaviors
45
These webs are the basis for calculating biodiversity
False
True
46
What is not a K-selected species
Insects
Birds of prey
Large mammals
Large/long lived plants
47
What is a renewable resource
Can not be replenished once they are depleted
Resources which can be replenished or reproduced easily
Resources formed over very long geological periods
Resources not affected by human use
48
Placentals are either born "precocial" or "altricial"
True
False
49
What is not an example of sexual selection
Dancing
Conversations
Strength
Bright colours
50
What is NOT a prey defense
Sharp teeth and claws
Morphological features (spines, colour, run fast, fight or detect predators
Chemical defences (toxins, poison, acrid sprays)
Behaviour (living in groups, scouts, alarm calls)
51
A precocial animal is
Robins
Snowshoe hare
Humans
Rabbits
52
Protandrous is female to male
True
False
53
What is a commensalism relationship
Win draw
Win win
Lose lose
Win lose
54
Abiotic factors are non-living
True
False
55
Protogynous is female to male
False
True
56
What is co-evolution
Occurs when two species evolve in response to each other
The evolution of a single species into multiple different species
The process of one species evolving while others remain unchanged
When an organism evolves traits randomly w/o any environmental influence
57
Precocial babies are
Helpless, and requiring intensive care by parents
Babies that stay in their mother's pouch after birth to continue developing
Ready to go as soon as the hit the ground
Babies that develop inside an egg and hatch as larvae before maturing
58
The Biosphere is comprised of smaller units called
Populations
Evosystems
Organisms
Communities
59
What is a parasitism relationship
Lose lose
Win win
Win draw
Win lose
60
Oviparous means
From egg
Live birth
Cannibalism
Egg to living birth
61
What is a mutualism relationship
Win win
Lose lose
Win draw
Win lose
62
Tertiary Consumers (Apex Predators) mainly are
Omnivores
Carnivores
Herbivores
Decomposers
63
In a food chain there are different
Consumer levels
Categories
Sections
Trophic levels
64
Every biotic organism has a ...
Role
Niche
Category
Specialty
65
Which is NOT a type of Mutualism
Clownfish and sea anemones
Bees and flowers
Oxpeckers and large herbivores
Tapeworms and humans
66
What are keystone species
Animals that build large structures like dams or nests
Species that if they were to disappear the ecosystem would collapse
The fastest and strongest predators in a food chain
Species that are the most common in an ecosystem
67
What is hybridization
When two species are VERY closely related, and they produce offspring
When a species splits into two new species with completely different traits
A method used in ecology to measure biodiversity in an ecosystem
When organisms evolve identical traits due to similar environments
68
What is true about ovuliparous
No shell
Hard shell
Internal feralization and hard shell
External fertilization and soft shell
69
Temperature fluctuations will cause alteration of existing ocean, or thermohaline, currents
False
True
70
What is carrying capacity
A psychological term for how much emotional baggage a person can handle
Maximum number of members of a population that can be sustained in an area
The maximum number of bags a camel can hold during a desert race
The speed at which animals carry their young across rivers
71
Parthenogenesis is never voluntary
False
True
72
Abiotic factors such as PH or temperature or humidity adjust over time ... and its called
Acclimatization
Accumulation
Adaptation
Addition
73
What is divergent evolution
Two unrelated species develop similar traits due to similar environments
Similar organisms evolve completely different traits
Similar traits evolves in two descendants who are from related ancestors
When species evolve backward to resemble their ancient ancestors
74
All of the genes in a single population of one species are referred to as a
Gene pool
Ecosystem
Family tree
Biome
75
What is not a biotic resource
Animals and plants
Water
Coal
Oil
76
Richness is the number of species in a certain area
False
True
77
What was Darwin's theory
Evolution is a result of adapting to the environment/fulfilling a niche
Predators and prey take turns being in charge to keep things fair
Plants choose their habitats based on personal preference
Evolution is driven by inner need, which would be passed on to offspring
78
Trophic cascade is when altering any trophic level can have large or small effects on other trophic levels and species
False
True
79
What is not an abiotic resource
Wind
Sun
Water
Coal
80
Oikos means
Study/knowledge
Animals
Home
Plants
81
Population is ...
A group of organisms that live in different ecosystems around the world
Where the interactions of groups of different organisms, or species
A single organism living in an ecosystem
The amount of organisms in an area
82
What is competition
A process where only predators compete for prey
A mutual relationship where both species benefit
When two species help each other survive by sharing resources equally
Is an interaction between organisms that require the same limited resources
83
What does analogous mean
Features that evolve due to genetic drift, not natural selection
Traits that are inherited from a common ancestor
Structures that serve no function but are still present in organisms
Separate evolutionary origins, but are superficially similar
84
Convergent evolution is from two descendants who are from related ancestors
True
False
85
Why is intraspecific competition important
For determining which individuals of a single species succeed (or survive!)
It only affects one generation and has no long-term impact on a species
It eliminates the need for organisms to adapt to their environment
Decreases natural selection by making survival easier for all individuals
86
Evenness is the % distribution of those species in an area
False
True
87
What is transpiration
Moisture falling from the clouds in any way or form
During photosynthesis, plants produce water vapour into a gas > atmosphere
Water being released back into the air
The process of water continuing to move through the soil at lower levels
88
Ovoviviparous means
Imbedded birth - born in skin
Egg living - from egg but hatched inside
Live birth - placental
From egg - hatched from egg
89
What is convergent evolution
Unrelated organisms evolve similar body forms from similar env./eco. niches
When unrelated species start interbreeding to create hybrids
Process where species evolve to become less adapted to the enviro over time
When two species evolve from a common ancestor and keep similar traits
90
Parthenogenesis is know as virgin birth
False
True
91
What was not a major branch in the phylogenetic tree
Four limbs
Vertebrae
Eyes
Hair
92
What is altitudinal gradient
A scale measuring how many selfies hikers take at different elevations
The higher the elevation the less diverse the vegetation
The change in animal friendliness as you hike up a mountain
A pattern showing how trees get taller the higher you go
93
What are the projected sea levels in 2100
4m - 6m
1m - 3.5m
0.8m - 2.0m
0.5m - 3m
94
What was Lamarck's theory
Plants choose their habitats based on personal preference
Predators and prey take turns being in charge to keep things fair
Evolution is a result of adapting to the environment/fulfilling a niche
Evolution is driven by inner need, which would be passed on to offspring
95
How do Producers = Autotrophs “self-feeders” get nutrients
Plants
Dying or rotten things
Sun
Animals
96
What is parallel evolution
Similar traits evolves in two descendants who are from related ancestors
When species evolve in opposite directions due to environmental changes
When one species splits into two different ones with different traits
The evolution of identical traits because of a common ancestor
97
Ecology is scientific study that incorporates
Fact-based knowledge
Hypothetical/deductiveapproach
A guess and try approach
Directive approch
98
What is phylogenetic
Reflects/indicates evolutionary non-relatedness
It reflects/indicates evolutionary interrelatedness
A method of classifying organisms based in a certain area
The study of how organisms change their behavior in different environments
99
Viviparous means
Live birth
A method of plant reproduction using seeds
An animal that lays eggs and does not give birth to live young
A process where embryos develop outside the parent's body
100
What is latitudinal biodiversity gradient
A measurement of how straight animals walk depending on their location
A type of graph showing how loud animals are at different latitudes
Closer to equator = higher biodiversity, further from equator = less bio.
The way Earth's tilt affects how many species can do yoga near the equator
101
What is Adelphophagy
Cannibalism in womb
Seasonal migration of related bird species that travel in synchronized Vs
When animals adopt/raise siblings' offspring to promote genetic diversity
A mutual relationship between trees that share nutrients through roots
102
What is percolation
Water being released back into the air
Moisture falling from the clouds in any way or form
The process of water continuing to move through the soil at lower levels
During photosynthesis, plants produce water vapour into a gas > atmosphere
103
What is not an example of convergent evolution
Echolocation in dolphins and bats
Wings in bats and birds
Cacti and Euphorbias
Dolphins and fish
104
How do Saprotrophs (“rotten nourishment”) get nutrients
Sun
Plants or animals
Live on or in dead things pooping digestive enzymes and absorbing nutrients
Ingesting dead organic material and internally absorb nutrients
105
Altricial babies are
Helpless and requiring intensive care by parents
Ready to go as soon as they hit the ground
Babies that stay in their mother's pouch after birth to continue developing
Babies that develop inside an egg and hatch as larvae before maturing
106
Amniotic is
A type of plant that reproduces using spores instead of seeds
A type of prehistoric fish with armored scales
A type of plant that reproduces using spores instead of seeds
Embryos develop in eggs with a membrane and are nourished via structures
107
What are the two factors composed in every ecosystems
Living and non-living factors
Plants and animals
Populations and communities
Biotic and Abiotic factors
108
What species does NOT lay amniotic eggs
Mammals
Reptiles
Fish
Birds
109
How do Consumers = Heterotrophs “other feeders” get nutrients
Plants
Dying or rotten things
Sun
Animals
110
Which is NOT a type of Parasitism
Pilot fish and sharks
Ticks and deer
Parasitoid wasps and caterpillars
Fleas and dogs
111
A food chain determines the flow of energy and nutrients from one organism to another through an ecosystem
True
False
112
Predication is when two organisms in which one organism kills and consumes all or part of another organism
False
True
113
Mammals are known as
Placentals
Egg-laying reptiles
Amphibians
Invertebrates
114
The taxonomy system is
Democracy
Patriarchy
Hierarchical
Monarchical
115
7 Levels of Taxonomic Classification
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Species, Genus. Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom
Phylum, Kingdom, Class, Family, Order, Species, Order
Kingdom, Phylum, Family, Class, Order, Genus, Species
116
What is a perpetual resource
Resources not affected by human use
Resources which can be replenished or reproduced easily
Resources formed over very long geological periods
Can not be replenished once they are depleted
117
A community is
All the interactingorganisms living in an area
Interaction between all organisms
Only non-living organisms in an area
A group of organisms in an area
118
Biotic factors are non-living
True
False
119
All species fall under one of FIVE Kingdoms
Plantae, Animalia, Monera, Protista and Mycota
Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Monera, and Archaea
Plantae, Animalia, Mycota, Protista, and Bacteria
Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Mycota, and Viruses
120
What are multiple food chains combined called
Food graphs
Food chains
Food webs
Food maps
121
Ecology is
Inter-relationships between non-living organisms and their environment
Inter-relationships between living organisms and their environment
Relationship between living in non-living organisms
Biodiversity
122
What is a resource
A natural material that can be used to satisfy a need
An organism that cannot interact with its environment
A type of predator found at the top of the food chain
A non-living factor that decreases biodiversity by default
123
Which is NOT a type of Commensalism
Barnacles and whales
Mycorrhizal fungi and plants
Remoras and sharks
Birds and cattle
124
What is population ecology
The study of the physical characteristics of different habitats
The study of how species evolve over time
The dynamics why populations of species increase or decrease over time
The study of how individuals interact with other species in an ecosystem
125
Competition can NOT be between members of the same species (intraspecific) or between different species (interspecific)
True
False
126
What is not an example of parallel evolution
Body shapes in horses and grazing antelopes
Cacti in North America and euphorbias in Africa
Wings in birds and insects
Placental mammals and marsupials
127
What are the types of reproduction
Photosynthesis and respiration
Asexual and sexual
Bisexual and pansexual
Hibernation and migration
128
Actual resources are resources that have been surveyed their quantity/quality determined, are being used at the present
True
False
129
Potential resources exist in a region and may be used in the future but aren’t being used now; undiscovered sources
True
False
130
What are monotremes
A single-celled organism found only in volcanic lava flows
Reptiles that only eat one type of food their entire life
Vertebrate mammals that lay eggs
A type of ancient musical instrument made from fossilized bones
131
Co2 is considered a
Greenhouse gas
A primary source of oxygen for plants during photosynthesis
A solid compound found mainly in rocks
A harmless gas with no impact on the environment
132
Taxonomy is
A process of an organism growing and developing over time
The study of animal behavior in the wild
A method for tracking animal migration patterns
The identification, naming and classification of species
133
What is a symbiotic relationship
When two species live in the same area without interacting
A relationship where one species always harms the other
A relationship where both species always compete for resources
>2 different species where at least one needs the relationship to survive
134
What are marsupials
Birds that migrate using star maps stored in their cheeks
Plants that store their seeds in external pouches
Pouched mammals
A type of spaceship used in early Australian science fiction
135
What is not a vestigial trait
Appendix
Gallbladder
Wings on flightless birds
Wisdom teeth
136
What do interspecific competition NOT compete for
Mates
Water
Territory
Food
137
How many parts do scientific names have
2
1
3
4
138
Anamniotic is
A reproductive process where embryos develop inside a protective membrane
Eggs that DO NOT have an embryonic membrane
A fluid found inside the amniotic sac that protects embryos
An animal that lays hard-shelled eggs on land
139
Phenotype is
A type of genetic mutation caused by environmental factors
What makes up DNA
The physical appearance of an organism, like eye color or height
The process by which traits are passed through social behavior
140
What is resource partitioning
When species compete for the exact same resources until one goes extinct
Each species relies on a slightly different resource or they alter times
A process where all species use resources in the same way, at the same time
The random distribution of resources with no impact on competition
141
What is gonochoristic
Species that mature with either male or female reproductive organs
A type of plant that can photosynthesize in total darkness
An animal that changes its sex multiple times throughout its life
A rare disease that makes organisms reproduce by cloning themselves
142
Anamniotic eggs can be laid on land
False
True
143
The mix of genes in each pool is called
Ecosystems
Phenology
Species
Family tree
144
What are vestigial traits
Traits organisms use only during migration season
Special abilities plants gain from living near other species
Organs or structures remaining or surviving in a different condition/form
Features animals develop when they switch ecosystems

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