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ENVR201
What is NOT a focus of "just sustainability"?
What is an interest rate?
ENVR201
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1
What is an interest rate?
A necessity for sustainable growth
The private discount rate
The social discount rate
2
What is NOT a focus of "just sustainability"?
Preserving Wilderness
Present and Future Generations
Quality of Life
Applying Polluter Pays Principle
3
Which is not a source of error in contingent valuation?
Strategic bias
Free-riders
Inflation bias
Framing bias
4
The most prosperous cities are usually the densest
False
True
5
What is TRUE
The sharing-economy decreases well-being overall
We need to decrease well-being slightly to save the earth
A zero-marginal cost is more social than now
6
What is frugality of energy?
Artificially increasing energy's abundance
Using renewable energy with low social costs
Artificially increasing energy's scarcity through policy
7
Does the polluter pays principle apply fairly to transport emissions?
Yes
No
8
Why is WTA higher than WTP?
People do not generally like change
Actually, this is not always the case
People are not risk averse
9
Social Carrying capacity < Biological Car Cap
True
False
10
Who is usually most affected by car-pollution?
Those who drive
Those who don't
11
Why should we not be occupied with anthropocentrism vs biocentrism?
It ignores injustice between humans
It is often irrelevant
All of the above
It looks good but isn't effective
12
Which is an example of hedonic regression?
Setting a price on human lives
Stated-WTP
Travel-cost
13
What of these is the most important to improve upon?
Vehicle Efficiency
Fuel Content
Vehicle Miles Traveled
14
Which is not part of the Precautionary principle?
We should not make decisions before we have all the data
We are obliged to minimize harm
We should anticipate harm before it occurs
15
What is the thing with "just sustainability"?
It is a form of "strong sustainability"
It focuses on 3rd world countries
Incorporates economy, welfare etc
16
What is not a problem with the biocentric approach?
It is often applied inconsistently
Animals do not have ecological value to humans
It is hard to know WTP or WTA for animals
It is often irrelevant
17
Which would have the lowest impact on average well-being?
Getting health insurance
Getting new, trustworthy neighbors
10% Wage increase
18
What does Solow say we should leave for our kids?
Nothing Specific
Untouched Wilderness
Knowledge and Technology
19
What is part of the Easterlin paradox?
The richest people in a country is usually not the happiest
countries don't always get happier as they get richer
Humans are not really social beings
20
Which is not true?
YIMBY wanted increased density +no minimum parking required
PHIMBY was against as it thought housing would be expensive
California is now on track to meet GHG targets
NIMBY wanted no increased housing
21
How does consumption and happiness relate?
They are proportional
Happiness increases w consumpt, but only up to certain point
They are unrelated
22
Organic farming is __ than "normal" farming
more energy efficient
environmentally worse
cheaper
23
we need many plant species to feed the earth
YEs
No
24
Sharing amenities is
Good for environment
Wasteful
Usual in Vermont
25
Sometimes, decreasing a species' biomass can increase its MSY
False
True
26
What is the social cost of carbon?
Increased grid-lock and traffic from increased car ownership
None of the above
The discounted net present value of pollution damange
The global increase in pollution from developing countries
27
What is not part of the aggregation problem?
Summing over different species
Summing over the future
Summing over possible outcomes
Summing over individuals
28
Which is the best indicator of social growth?
Literacy Rate
Well-being
GDP
29
How would option values change in the absence of risk-aversion?
They would all be 0
They would increase
Cannot predict without more information
No change
30
What is not an issue Monbiot discusses about pricing nature?
We need to convince everyone to value nature
You need to have an hollistic approach to nature
People with power care about money more than nature
The economic system is causing environmental problems
31
What is a part of "just sustainability"
Promoting well-being instead of the climate
Focusing on "green" policies
Focusing on "brown" policies
32
A resource can stop being a resource without going empty
True
False
33
Environmental Justice includes
Letting China pollute to catch up to western world
Applying the Polluters Pay Principle
Focusing on Urban growth
34
The great transition involves
using happiness, instead of economic growth as goal
Decreasing our well-being to increase 3rd world well-being
Spending less money on mass-produced food
35
Why is oil worse than coal?
Because it promotes car travel
It encourages people to live in cities
It is more energy dense
36
Maximum sustainable yield is usually below renewal rate
True
False
37
What is a reason Scandinavians have higher well-being than US?
They trust their neighbors more
Food and activities are cheaper
They consume more
They exploit 3rd world countries
38
What is not (partly) a "free-rider" problem?
Car pollution
None of these
Pollution in general
subsidies to people who already planned on buying a tesla
39
Science of happiness does NOT include
Paying for well-being
Increasing well-being through new policies
Promoting education of social skills
40
Overconsumption is NOT
Prevalent in the USA
A Collective-Action Problem
A solved problem
41
Owen's conundrum does NOT say that
Prosperity is the main emitter of GHGs
We know what we need to do, but don't like the answer
Technology can save us
We are consumers
42
What is Solows's Paradox?
Economic growth does not always make us happier
Bigger roads lead to more traffic
We're concerned about the future, but not present people
43
Population growth can continue indefinetely
True
False
44
What does strong sustainability say about manufactured capital?
It is complement to natural capital
It increases our well-being
It is an alternative to natural capital
45
Which of these are a target?
Amount of people taking bus to work
Increased public transit
Buses passing by McGill at least every 5 minutes
46
Who/what does not apply the precautionary principle?
Environmental Economics
Ecological Economics
Most (all) scientists
Solow
47
Which is not a method of measuring value?
Average income survey
Life satisfaction approach
Travel Cost
Hedonic regression
48
Weak sustainability is most applicable in/to
LICs
None of these answers
Countries with low population growth
California, and other environmental conscious places
49
How long will people keep visiting a park with increasing prices?
Until they cannot afford it anymore
Until travel cost=marginal cost
Hard to know
None of the above
50
Increases Consumption is NOT
Necessary for increased well-being
Unsustainable
Driving hunger in 3rd world countries
51
Different species have different carrying capacities, even in the same conditions
False
True
52
Guha claims we should not protect nature
No
Yes
53
The greenest city in USA is
LA
Burlington
NYC
Phoenix
54
Which policy would be best in an economically fragile country?
Cap and trade
Carbon tax
Does not matter
55
Which is NOT a factor of "smart growth"
Diversifying Transport
Nationalizing Development Decisions
Mixed Land Use
Planning for Walkability
56
Increasing efficiency without frugality causes
A and B
Triple Convergence
Jevons Paradox
Increase in consumption
57
Goals are quantitative
No
Yes
