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HIST 1301 End of term
HIST 1301 End of term
114 terms
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history of science and technology
Flashcards
114 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
Who discovered the neutron in 1932?
Chadwick
Wilkins
Thomson
Rutherford
2
Who proposed the "plum pudding" model of the atom? (1904)
Rutherford
Thomson
Wilkins
Watson
3
Romantic who believed Newton had been deceived by Machines & proposed a new theory of colour
Goethe
Paley
Blake
Shelley
4
Which of the following were one of the flaws of Savery's pump?
You needed horses to operate it
It burned wood to create steam and trees were scarce
It could only be located near water so too far from mines
Limited power, it could only remove a few meters of water
5
d'Alembert:
The goal of science should be to reduce things to ______ & thereby understand them.
basic features
innate structures
mechanical properties
fundamental natures
6
Who introduced the use of the ellipse into models of the solar system?
Newton
Galileo
Copernicus
Kepler
7
The Quadrivium (pictured here) was comprised of:
Logic, Rhetoric, Law, Theology
Grammar, Rhetoric, Logic, Composition
Geometry, Arithmetic, Calculus, Algebra
Geometry, Arithmetic, Astronomy, Music
8
According to Aristotle which classification of animal belonged highest on the hierarchy?
testacea
oviparous quadrupeds
crustacea
viviparous quadrupeds
9
Who founded the Academy in Athens in 388?
Socrates
Empedocles
Aristotle
Plato
10
This Englishman published the Novum (New) Organum in 1620
Isaac Newton
Robert Boyle
Francis Bacon
Roger Bacon
11
"If I have seen far it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants."
Copernicus
Darwin
Newton
Hooke
12
Who developed the Leyden Jar as a method to store electricity?
van Mucenbroek
Volta
Franklin
Galvani
13
Goethe believed that there each plant had an
Urplflanze,
what was it?
The leaves
It's ability to produce other plants
The seed
Its fundamental form
14
By 3500 BCE Humans could
Read and write
Explain eclipses
Use universal mathematical symbols
Anticipate seasons
15
If you attended a medieval university you would study
Business
Whatever you were most interested in
Only what the church approved
The seven liberal arts
16
This Renaissance anatomist combined print technology, Renaissance art and anatomical discovery.
Robert Boyle
Leonardo daVinci
Johanes Gutenberg
Andreas Vesalius
17
The Almagest,an ancient work that influenced Renaissance astronomer Copernicus, was written by:
Aristotle
Galen
Ptolemy
Pythagoras
18
Which was founded first? (In 1660)
British Association for the Advancement of Science
Royal Society of London
Academie des Sciences
Royal Institution
19
This is an illustration of:
Clinomania
Bibliomania
Polkamania
Pteridomania
20
Plato's Cosmos was the product of...
Reason and planning
The will of the gods
Random combinations of atoms
The Big Bang
21
Did Plato believe that you could trust your senses?
Yes
Only some of them
No
22
Bacon believed that lack of progress was due to ....
lack of application
lack of imagination
lack of knowledge
lack of skill
23
Lamarck's theory of evolution is called:
Spontaneous generation
Acquired traits
Orthogenisis
24
This painting by Blake is of:
Plato
Voltaire
Newton
Galileo
25
What was the
Aeolipile,
designed by Heron of Alexandria?
A complex device for telling time
The first automaton
A mechanical figurine of a lady who plays the lute
The earliest known steam powered machine
26
This thinker tried to combine the Copernican, Aristotelian universes and the work of Plato:
Brahe
Newton
Kepler
Bellarmine
27
Which of the following was NOT an important prerequisite for scientific thinking?
Democracy
Contact with other cultures
Literacy
Prosperity
28
What is the motto of the Enlightenment?
Look for Evidence
Take Nobody's Word for It
Dare to Know
Trust No One
29
The systems of both __ and __ are dualistic ( 2 materials: matter and soul, make the universe).
Plato, Bacon
Aristotle, Bacon
Plato, Descartes
Aristotle, Descartes
30
Who published the
Starry Messenger
in 1610?
Kepler
Galileo
Bacon
Newton
31
von Humbolt is to _______________, as Descartes is to __________
Socrates, Plato
Plato, Aristotle
Aistotle, Plato
32
The three men in this image are:
Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, Plato
Socrates, Augustus, Aristotle
Aristotle, Saint Gerome, Plato
Empedocles, Thomas Moore, Pythagoras
33
The Novum Organum challenged ancient authority, systems and methods. Organum means:
Method
Tool
Inquisition
Book
34
The Royal Society of London's Coat of Arms reads “Nullius in verba” which means:
Take nobody's word for it
Trust only your mind
Reason will prevail
Nothing but truth
35
Alvin M. Weinberg: "When history looks at the 20th century, she will see _ and _ as its theme;"
Advancements and Discoveries
Science and Technology
Atoms and Genes
War and Medicine
36
Whose system is this?
Johannes Kepler
Tycho Brahe
Nicholas Copernicus
Isaac Newton
37
The Islamic Empire imported paper making technology from this Empire
Ottoman
Greek
Chinese
Roman
38
Steam power became available to British factories after what year?
1833
1785
1665
1813
39
Who published a series of lectures called "What is life" and set the hunt for genetic material?
Erwin Schrödinger
Thomas Hunt Morgan
Herbert Spencer
Francis Crick & James Watson
40
In Greek architecture the stone that bridges the top of the columns is called a(n):
beam
Lintel
Arch
Ceiling
41
Among the Platonic Solids the Tetrahedron represented ________
Air
Water
Love
Fire
42
_________ believed nature to be intrinsic, while ___________ believed it to extrinsic.
Plato, Pre-Socratics
Pre-Socratics, Plato
43
Who wrote
The Principia
?
Bacon
Lamarck
Voltaire
Newton
44
Who proved the chromosomal theory of heredity using
drosophila melanogaster
?
Herbert Spencer
Thomas Hunt Morgan
Charles Darwin
Gregory Mendel
45
According to Goethe
Morphology
is the study of:
forms
spirit
power rangers
changes
46
Aristotle believed nature to be____________
A mystery
Extrinsic
Intrinsic
Tasty
47
_____ didn't believe that the earth's cycles could result in permanent extinction
Lamark
Paley
Owen
Lyell
48
ibn Sina (Avicenna) author of
The Canon of Medicine
said this element was
prime matter
.
Salt
Hydrogen
Gold
Mercury
49
A Cosmogony seeks to
Explain the origins of the universe
Explain the basic laws of physics
Understand how the universe works
Pass on history
50
Aristotle believed the Sphere of the Cosmos to be divided into the ________ realms
Wet and Dry
Earth and Air
Starry and Earthy
Celestial and Terrestrial
51
Greek influence is evident in the ________ structure of the Roman Pantheon.
Marble
Arched
Dodecahedron
Spherical
52
According to D'Alembert's philosophy of science all knowledge comes from:
Inherited Wisdom
Senses
Books
Teachers
53
Rutherford ended up disproving this model of the atom as he was trying to prove. What was it?
Rutherford model
Newtonian Model
Bohr Model
Plum Pudding Model
54
This frontispiece to Spratt's History of the Royal Society depicts Brouckner, Charles II and:
Robert Hooke
Francis Bacon
Robert Boyle
Isaac Newton
55
Who lived the earliest?
Galileo
Descartes
Bacon
Newton
56
This explorer and natural philosopher believed that you had to "be there".
Darwin
von Humboldt
Goethe
Owen
57
This inventor had to repurpose his engine for entertainment - Watt had cornered the mine market
Trevithick
Newcomen
Savery
Stephenson
58
This image is from the revolutionary text:
Principia
Encyclopedie de Diderot
On the Fabric of the Human Body
Micrographia
59
The medieval Trivium (pictured here) consisted of which of the following:
Medicine, Law, Theology
Grammar, Rhetoric, Logic
Writing, Reading, Arithmetic
Mathematics, Astronomy, Geometry
60
Paley believed that his argument regarding the watch proved:
Wonders of evolution
Intelligent design
61
Fully Alphabetic Languages were developed by _____ and widely in use by ______
1500 BCE & 800 BCE
100 BCE & 200 CE
3000 BCE & 2000BCE
800 BCE & 500 BCE
62
Steam power became available to British factories after what year?
1813
1785
1665
1833
63
Who invented the first battery that supplied a continuous stream?
Luigi Galvani
Isaac Newton
Benjamin Franklin
Alessandro Volta
64
Ptolemy used what to explain retrograde motion?
Platonic solids
Elipses
Aristotelian physics
Epicylces
65
Brahe proposed a system to reconcile observation and belief. What was at the centre?
Earth
Man
God
Sun
66
According to Aristotle plants, animals, and humans all possessed ____
Sensitive Soul
Nutritive Soul
Rational Soul
67
These illustrations are from....
Laplace's System of the World
Goethe's Metamorphosis of Plants
Owen's "The Nature of Limbs"
68
According to Aristotle's theory of Levity a book sitting on a desk is subject to forced motion.
False
True
69
This is a drawing of:
Newton's three laws of motion
Newton's crucial experiment
Newton's law of gravity
Newton's orbital cannon
70
The Principia by Isaac Newton was revolutionary because:
It refuted all previous systems of nature
It was heretical
It proved Galileo wrong
It proposed common laws for terrestrial and celestial region
71
What did Stephen Grey's experiment with the orphan boy demonstrate?
That static was electricity.
That anyone could make scientific discoveries.
That ethics boards were not yet established.
Materials act as insulators and conductors of electricity.
72
Early manufactories (factories) had to be located near what?
water
mines
towns
train tracks
73
By _ all extant Greek works on medicine, natural phil., logic & math were translated to Arabic
1426CE
1000CE
1200CE
336CE
74
Who designed the mitre gates that were used in pound locks?
Volta
da Vinci
van Muscenbroek
Franklin
75
Galileo's drawings of the moon were revolutionary because:
There was a face on the moon
he moon was bigger than previously thought
It demonstrated the perfection of the cosmos
The moon was not a perfect sphere
76
This machine was patented in 1769 by Richard Arkwright. What is it?
The water frame
The power loom
The flying shuttle
The spinning jenny
77
Who explained how electricity works (with + and - charges) by comparing it to an economy?
Volta
Franklin
Newton
Galvani
78
This image is from
Hooke'sMicrographia
Diderot'sEncylcopedie
Lamark'sZoological Philosophy
Linnaeus'sSystem of Nature
79
Which of Plato's dialogues survived almost intact through the Middle Ages?
The Republic
Theagues
On Virtue
Timaeus
80
Among the Platonic Solids the Cube represented ________
Air
Earth
Water
Strife
81
Newton's second law can be summed up by the equation:
la=f
F=ma
M=fa
E=MC2
82
What is parallax?
The way objects shift position because of your perspective
The infinite distance to the "fixed stars"
The way that stars and planets appear to move across the sky
The differences between the terrestrial and celestial realms
83
Which of the following cannot be transmuted into the others?
Fire
Water
Air
Earth
84
Who published The Starry Messenger in 1610?
Kepler
Brahe
Copernicus
Galileo
85
19. Aristotle believed that you could trust your senses?
Yes, totally!
Meh, sometimes
No, never!
86
Hutton argued that the story of the earth was cyclical and had a purpose, it was:
to confuse geologists
to demonstrate God's power
a mystery
to make the earth habitable
87
Who developed the theory of the archetype (in biology/science)?
Darwin
Paley
Owen
Goethe
88
Cultural movement that responded against the percieved Enlightenment mechanization of world:
Nostalgia
Newtonism
Renaissance
Romanticism
89
The pictured medieval technology is a:
Rice Paddle
Water Wheel
Flour Mill
Saw mill
90
What does Operationalism mean?
When physicians started doing surgery.This is a wrong answer
Understanding how the world works.
Attaining knowledge for the purpose of using it.
A new type of mathematics developed by Leibniz.
91
The Agricultural Revolution in Medieval Europe resulted in:
The end of small farms and farming
Widespread unemployment and starvation
A move to mechanical rather than animal/human power
A heavy reliance on manual labour
92
What was the most pressing question for philosophers of the 6th century BCE?
What am I?
How does the earth move?
Is change possible?
Are there gods?
93
Who wrote the
Almagest?
Kepler
Ptolemy
Copernicus
Newton
94
Who won the Nobel Prize for having "discovered" the double-helical shape of DNA?
Wilkins and Rutherford
Franklin and Crick
Watson and Crick
Parsons and Bryant
95
This astronomer wrote the 1512 Commentariolus which considered and refuted Ptolemy’s system
Galileo
Brahe
Copernicus
Bellarmine
96
Aristotle proposed five elements: earth, air, water, fire, and.
Firmament
Quintessence
Aether
Divine
97
According to Aristotle's theory of Levity fire will always ____
Move toward the sun
Move toward the centre of the universe
Move away from the centre of the universe
98
This French thinker tried to replace Aristotelianism with his own system.
Rene Descartes
Voltaire
Francois Poulain
Andreas Vesalius
99
Who wrote
Elements of Chemistry
and together with his wife identified 33 of the elements?
Black
Lavoisier
Priestly
Franklin
100
When was the term "scientist" coined?
1700s
1600s
1500s
1800s
101
What is a cathode tube?
Tube to contain radioactive elements so as to be safe
None of these
A tube with a partial vacuum with electrodes at each end.
Used be Einstein to demonstrate his theory of relativity.
102
Copernicus's On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres (1543):
Was written in the vernacular
Was a bestseller with many reprints
Proposed a heliocentric universe
Supported the biblical geocentric universe
103
The Aristotelian Universe was:
heliocentric
heliostatic
geocentric
104
Why did European Alchemists refer to Aristotle's
Meteorology
?
It had recipes to transmute metals into greater metals
It promised gold and glory
Aristotle proposed how metal formed and they wanted to copy
They believed Aristotle was the greatest alchemist
105
This inventor improved the Savery engine using atmospheric pressure to drive a piston downward
Richard Trevithick
George Stephenson
James Watt
Thomas Newcomen
106
Which if these would NOT be considered one of Aristotle's "bloodless" animals?
shark
sea anemone
dragonfly
crab
107
What does viviparous mean?
non-living
Born live
living
Born from eggs
108
What big science project located its main laboratory at Los Alamos, New Mexico?
The Manhattan Project
The Trinity Project
The Human Genome Project
Linus Pauling's DNA laboratory
109
What technology does Jared Diamond argue is most important for societies to grow?
Agricultural
Industrial
Organizational
Weaponry
110
The first steam locomotive was introduced in 1814 by:
James Watt
Richard Trevithick
George Stephenson
Thomas Newcomen
111
__________ proposed that the world was separated into fire, air, earth, water, love & strif
Anaximander
Empedocles
Leucippus
Thales
112
Among the Platonic Solids the Dodecahedron represented ______
Air
Water
Strife
The universe
113
Thomas Savery referred to his method/steam pump by what term?
miner's helper
water by fire
water vacuum
steam engine
114
Early manufactories (factories) had to be located near what?
water
train tracks
mines
towns
