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Ms. McKay AP Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Ms. McKay AP Exam Review
Ms. McKay AP Exam Review
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1
A person with which condition might surgically sever the corpus callosum?
multiple sclerosis
OCD
epilepsy
bipolar disorder
2
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
continuous reinforcement
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
3
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
conflict
change
frustration
pressure
4
Methamphetamine is classified as which type of drug?
hallucinogen
depressant
stimulant
analgesic
5
After reading about the elderly, people walk more slowly. This is likely due to...
the representativeness heuristic
priming
social desirability bias
defensive attributions
6
The Flynn Effect refers to
biased testing procedures in IQ testing
genetic influences on IQ
declining intelligence in old age
increasing intelligence with each generation
7
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
the conscious
irrational thoughts
maladaptive behaviors
the unconscious
8
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
attitude is to action
thought is to perception
feeling is to thinking
behavior is to motive
9
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
flashbulb memories
non-declarative memories
episodic memories
sensory memories
10
Which brain region is responsible for speech production?
the limbic system
Wernicke's area
Cannon-Bard area
Broca's area
11
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
lesioning
agnosia
electromagnetic stimulation
ablation
12
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
cognitive psychology
psychodynamic psychology
behavioral psychology
sociocultural psychology
13
Which approach to psychology is least deterministic and most optimistic about humans?
cognitive
psychoanalytic
behavioral
humanistic
14
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologist would be of the most help to you?
a human factors psychologist
a clinical psychologist
a social psychologist
a forensic psychologist
15
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
percentile
correlation
standard deviation
mean
16
Cohort effects are most problematic for which research design?
cross-sectional
experimental
longitundinal
within-groups
17
Which body system regulates hormones?
peripheral nervous system
vestibular system
central nervous system
endocrine system
18
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
19
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold information for a lifetime
put information into long-term memory
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
20
A phobia would most likely be treated with
ECT
client-centered therapy
psychoanalysis
cognitive-behavioral therapy
21
You perceive this image as a soccer ball because of the Gestalt principle of...
symmetry
figure-ground
closure
similiarity
22
According to the Five-Factor Model of personality, trusting and cooperative people are
high in neuroticism
high in agreeableness
low in extraversion
high in conscientiousness
23
Which brain region is most associated with strong emotion?
pons
amygdala
Broca's area
thalamus
24
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
teratogens
antagonists
GABA
aphsias
25
Attributing test failure to an unfair teacher rather than not doing your homework demonstrates
an external locus of control
a defensive attribution
learned helplessness
pessimistic explanatory style
26
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as...
the principle of collectivism
social facilitation
the prisoners' dilemma
the reciprocity norm
27
Affectors are also known as
glial cells
motor neurons
interneurons
sensory neurons
28
You eat bad bologna at a picnic and get sick. You now avoid picnics. The UCS is...
vomiting
picnics
bad bologna
nausea
29
The wavelength of light tells you its...
light purity
saturation
brightness
hue
30
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of random neural firing comes from
self-perception theory
Jungian theory
psychoanalytic theory
activation-synthesis theory
31
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
hippocampus
pituitary
adrenal glands
thyroid
32
Curiosity is an example of a(n)...
stimulus drive
secondary drive
primary drive
instinct
33
Alcohol is classified as a...
stimulant
narcotic
hallucinogen
depressant
34
Which brain structures are most associated with the regulation of consciousness?
Broca's area and Wernicke's area
the pons and the reticular formation
the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate
35
Memories are most similar to...
a recording you play back
a computer file that changes each time you open and edit it
files that are stored in one particular folder
an old toy that is stored and then rediscovered
36
Most experienced readers understand text using...
bottom-up processing
structuralism
top-down processing
structural encoding
37
Overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because of recent events on the evening news is...
falling victim to confirmation bias
using the representativeness heuristic
using an algorithm
using the availability heuristic
38
A mental representation of features of the spatial environment is a ...
method of loci
feature detector
cognitive map
hierarchy
39
Which of these is most ethically problematic?
debriefing
deception
informed consent
beneficience
40
Edward Thorndike's theory that was foundational to operant conditioning was...
associative learning
instrumental conditioning
social learning
reciprocal determinism
41
Which type of intelligence involves possession and application of knowledge?
episodic
procedural
fluid
crystallized
42
The school of psychology associated with understanding how people think/behave in context is...
behaviorism
functionalism
psychoanalysis
neodynamism
43
Which of the following is NOT a stage of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome?
exhaustion
alarm
resistance
attention
44
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
45
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Sternberg?
naturalistic
creative
analytical
practical
46
Anhedonia is when a person...
has two different psychological disorders
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
has trouble getting along with people
experiences mild manic states
47
Assuming another driver honked at you because she is rude, rather than by accident, could be
the fundamental attribution error
belief perseverance
use of insight
stereotype threat
48
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
obsessions
hallucinations
illusions
delusions
49
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
50
The size of the pupil is controlled by the...
sclera
cornea
iris
lens
51
In the Mary Ainsworth Strange Situation, separation anxiety and secure base behavior indicate..
secure
insecure-ambivalent
disorganized
insecure-avoidant
52
You mistakenly believe you read a fact in your text, but you actually heard it on reality TV...
eidetic memory
anterograde amnesia
prospective memory failure
source amnesia
53
Transduction of visual images takes place in the...
cochlea
optic nerve
retina
cornea
54
A psychological sense of being male or female is...
gender role
sex identity
gender typing
gender identity
55
Jay used to say "mik", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in his use of...
grammatical rules
syntax
phonemes
morphemes
56
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
conscious experience
the unconscious
behavior
the brain
57
You drank coffee and stayed up late studying. Why should you have coffee the day of the test?
context-dependent learning
state-dependent learning
mood-congruent memory
negative transfer
58
According to the James-Lange theory, conscious experience of emotion occurs...
after autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
59
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
Cookie
I wanted a cookie
Give cookie now
I eated a cookie
60
Basic emotions are...
not evident in infants
different in some cultures than in others
more likely to be felt by men than women
universally recognized by all humans
61
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
groupthink
conformity
cognitive dissonance
obedience
62
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a fixed-ratio reinforcement schedule
a variable-interval reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a variable-ratio reinforcement schedule
63
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
olfactory cilia
gustatory bulbs
papillae
sciatic receptors
64
John Watson's classic experiment with Little Albert provided support for...
social learning theory
cognitive learning theory
classical conditioning theory
operant conditioning theory
65
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
partial retrieval
partial storage
complete retrieval failure
complete storage failure
66
A person is asleep when ___ appear on an EEG.
alpha waves
sleep spindles
beta waves
delta waves
67
The most important factor for psychiatric diagnosis is...
perceptions of others
number of symptoms
physical symptoms
impairment of functioning
68
A person who loses her ability to create memories following a head injury is experiencing...
source amnesia
pseudoforgetting
retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia
69
In Pavlov's experiment, the conditioned response was the...
a tone
food/meat powder
salivation
a light
70
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
labyrinth
tympanic membrane
pinna
cochlea
71
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
intermediate-term
long-term
short-term
sensory
72
The fight-or-flight response is activated by...
the somatic system
Wernicke's area
the parasympathetic branch of the ANS
the sympathetic branch of the ANS
73
If MZ twins are more likely to share a trait than DZ twins, the trait must be influenced by...
nurture
nature
74
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
neurogenic amnesia
repression
suppression
avoidance
75
Which Piagetian cognitive capability is acquired during the sensorimotor period?
egocentrism
hierarchical classification
conservation
object permanence
76
Praising your dog when it sits is an example of...
vicarious learning
secondary reinforcement
primary reinforcement
social reinforcement
77
Which technique would be most useful for studying brain activity?
positron emission tomography (PET)
computerized tomography (CT)
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
electrographic tomography (EGT)
78
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
79
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
happiness
fear
surprise
sadness
80
When intrinsic motivation is diminished by incentives, ____ has occurred.
social loafing
overjustification
primary reinforcement
learned helplessness
81
A valid test is one that...
is reliable
has been standardized but not normed
is consistent
measures what it is supposed to measure
82
According to drive reduction theory, the purpose of behavior is...
moving up the hierarchy of needs
internal locus of control
reward
homeostasis
83
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
G. Stanley Hall
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
Rene Decartes
84
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals is a feature of...
functionalism
individualism
collectivism
linguistic relativity
85
Which of these happens earliest in the process of memory formation?
rehearsal
encoding
retrieval
attention
86
A personality measure that asks for a subjective response to an ambiguous stimulus...
a projective test
a deceptive test
a self-report inventory
a behavior rating
87
The preoperational child's assumption that the moon shines because she likes its glow shows...
logical reasoning
egocentrism
conservation
theory of mind
88
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
accuracy
ease of use
consistency
representativeness
89
Which of the following is least helpful in experimental design?
confounding variables
use of placebos
double blind procedures
random asignment
90
People might be less willing to help in a large group than a small one due to...
the halo effect
social desirability bias
diffusion of responsibility
social loafing
91
Over time, a smelly classroom doesn't seem as smelly. This is probably due to
priming
perceptual expectancy
sensory adaptation
subliminal perception
92
Struggling on a biology exam because all you can remember is psych from the period before.
retrograde amnesia
proactive interference
retroactive interference
anterograde amnesia
93
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
tie shoe laces
fear the dark
sing a song
print letters
94
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
negative punishment
positive punishment
95
Howard Gardner proposed a theory of...
emotional intelligence
creative intelligence
multiple intelligences
practical intelligence
96
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
unrealistic demands from family/friends
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
97
Examining these images right-to-left and top-to-bottom, perception of the face persists due to
perceptual set
selective attention
extrasensory perception
subliminal perception
98
According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, people perform best
when arousal is high
when arousal is moderate
on easy tasks with low arousal
when arousal is low
99
Multiple-choice tests use which type of memory?
autobiographical
repressed
recall
recognition
100
Framing refers to...
making good decisions for individuals but bad for the group
presenting only part of the information for decision-making
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting distracting, irrelevant information
101
Blaming others for poor work while slacking off is likely which Freudian defense mechanism?
projection
rationalization
repression
reaction formation
102
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
attributions
self-serving bias
stereotypes
prejudices
103
Sleepwalking is most likely to occur in which stage of sleep?
Stage 4
REM
Stage 2
Stage 1
104
The superego is Freud's term for...
the conscious aspect of personality
the moral component of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the biological impulses that drive behavior
105
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
sebaceous gland
thyroid gland
pancreas
106
Learning that is not apparent until needed in a new context is...
classical conditioning
insight learning
latent learning
operant conditioning
107
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
emotion is caused by your expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
an internal state causes the facial expression
a facial expression is a sign of internal feelings
108
Which type of intelligence tends to decline in the elderly?
logical-mathematical intelligence
mental age
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
109
If two sounds vary in frequency they differ in...
decibels
loudness
pitch
timbre
110
What is cognitive dissonance?
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
use of non-message factors to persuade
prejudicial attitudes
111
___ measure general mental abilities, while ___ measure specific abilities.
Intelligence tests; standardized tests
Intelligence tests; personality tests
Intelligence tests; aptitude tests
Personality tests; standardized tests
112
Stanley Milgram instructed subjects to deliver shocks to a learner to test their...
obedience
agency
conformity
deindividuation
113
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
stereotypes
cultural direction
schematizing
cognitive structuring
114
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
psychotherapy
aversion therapy
avoidance therapy
systematic desensitization
115
In which part of the neuron does an action potential take place?
terminal button
dendrite
soma
axon
116
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
narcolepsy
insomnia
sleep apnea
somnambulance
117
Which of the following would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
OCD
schizophrenia
marital problems
bipolar disorder
118
In a skewed distribution, which is the most accurate measure of central tendency?
median
mode
standard deviation
mean
119
A person with an IQ score two standard deviations above the mean scored...
80
100
130
120
120
Alfred Adler was best known for his theory involving...
fixation
regression
birth order
insecurity
121
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
observational learning
positive reinforcement
cognitive mapping
schema learning
122
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the experimental group
the observational group
the control group
the correlational group
123
Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
delusions
hallucinations
word salad
flat affect
124
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
an overactive superego
social charm
aggressiveness
manipulative behavior
125
If SAT test scores are highly correlated with college grades, that means that they have...
criterion-related validity
face validity
construct validity
reliability
126
A diminished response with repeated presentation of a stimulus is...
extinction
habituation
generalization
acquisition
127
Members of under-represented minority groups may perform poorly on examinations due to...
the Flynn effect
stereotype threat
the Barnum effect
self-perception theory
128
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
semantic
phonemic
structural
mnemonic
129
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of...
a schema
positive transfer
reciprocal determinism
a hierarchy
130
Creative thinking is most associated with...
convergent thinking
analytical thinking
general intelligence
divergent thinking
131
Tardive dyskinesia is experienced by patients with ___ who are overmedicated.
schizophrenia
OCD
bipolar disorder
dissociative fugue
132
Learning to crawl is an example of _____ development.
asynchronous
cephalocaudal
sociocultural
proximodistal
133
Politicians become more firmly committed to their ideologies the more they debate. Why?
social traps
group polarization
the fundamental attribution error
groupthink
134
Memories of skills and conditioned responses are stored in...
short-term memory
implicit memory
explicit memory
sensory memory
135
The minimum amount of stimulation that an organism can detect at least 50% of the time is the..
long term potentiation (LTP)
just noticeable difference (JND)
subliminal threshold
absolute threshold
136
When analyzing dreams, Freud was most interested in their...
latent content
transference
collective unconscious
manifest content
137
Low levels in Parkinson's; high levels in schizophrenia.
norepinephrine
acetylcholine
serotonin
dopamine
138
Seeking information to support prior beliefs can lead to...
confirmation bias
social desirability bias
the Dunning-Kruger effect
overconfidence
139
People who are hypnotized are...
likely to recover accurate memories
dreaming
in deep sleep
highly suggestible
140
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
postconventional moral reasoning
development of secondary sex characteristics
formal operations
generativity vs. stagnation
141
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
hearing a sound
moving a part of his body
seeing a flash of light
smelling an odor
142
A mental shortcut for understanding a new situation or finding a solution is a(n)...
heuristic
acquisition device
algorithm
rote strategy
143
Gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations can be halted in the...
reticular formation
medulla
location of injury
spinal cord
144
What is the likely correlation coefficient for the data in this scatterplot?
0
.50
-.10
-.75
145
Which type of research can determine cause and effect?
correlational
experimental
objective psychological testing
survey
146
According to signal detection theory, thinking you heard the phone ring when it didn't is a...
hit
miss
false alarm
correct rejection
147
Using "Please excuse my dear Aunt Sally" to remember the order of operations makes use of...
positive transfer
a mnemonic device
the method of loci
semantic encoding
148
Which of these disorders is thought to be most attributable to nurture?
depression
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
schizophrenia
149
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
panic disorder
fugue
conversion disorder
bipolar disorder
150
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the triarchic level of encoding
the semantic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
attention encoding
151
Reinforcing closer approximations of a behavior until the complete behavior is learned is...
habituation
shaping
cognitive mapping
counterconditioning
152
In a normal distribution, what percentage of scores fall within one SD of the mean?
25%
68%
5%
95%
153
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
personality
attachment
behavioral quality
temperament
154
An antagonist...
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
extends a neuron's negative afterpotential
155
Circadian rhythms are largely regulated by...
amount of time spent asleep
exposure to light
cultural practices
eating regular meals
156
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
group polarization
deindividuation
conformity
social loafing
157
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the endocrine system
the autonomic nervous system
hunger drive
memory
158
The last area of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
occipital cortex
hypothalamus
prefrontal cortex
medulla
159
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
biological preparedness
forgetting
extinction
spontaneous remission
160
At which level of moral development do people balance competing needs and interests?
postconventional
preconventional
conventional
formal operational
161
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
an obsession
a delusion
a phobia
a compulsion
162
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
anal
phallic
latency
oral
163
An ideal mental model used to classify objects is a...
prototype
schema
perceptual adaptation
morpheme
