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Final Exam Review BHP
Final Exam Review BHP
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Review of #BigHistory concepts for Q1 -3 #BHP
Flashcards
57 cards
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1
What is the solar wind?
It is the force that pushes the clouds across the sky.
a stream of subatomic particles moving away from the Sun
The flow of charged particles from the Milky Way
The light that reaches Earth from the Sun.
2
Which is a strategy used to decide whether a story or concept should or shouldn't be “trusted”?
creating an origin story
claim testing
guessing
making claims
3
What does the Hubble telescope do?
is aimed at our Moon and documents meteoroid impacts.
studies our Solar System.
collects photographs of stars in distant galaxies to help
studies Earth and its climate.
4
According to the standard model of Big Bang cosmology, how many years old is the Universe?
1.37 x 1011
1.37 x 109
1.37 x 1010
1.37 x 108
5
Supernovae can produce new chemical elements up to ___________ on the periodic table
Helium
Stalagmite
Uranium
Kryptonite
6
According to the standard model of Big Bang cosmology, the Universe is approximately how old?
13.8 billion years
550 million years
4.54 billion years
3.76 billion years
7
The two most abundant elements in the Solar System are…
Hydrogen and helium
Helium and iron
Calcium and iron
Hydrogen and calcium
8
Why did most origin stories begin as oral tradition?
All origin stories were traditionally sung
Origin stories did not begin as oral tradition.
Most were created before the invention of writing
All origin stories were written.
9
What is luminosity?
A green star
A very, very bright star
how much energy a star is actually giving off
A telescope that looks at stars
10
How are high and low mass stars different when looking at their life after the main sequence?
Only high mass stars lose a % of their mass as they burn
Low mass stars undergo a less violent supernova explosion
Low mass stars are likely to live millions of years longer
High mass stars become white dwarves more quickly
11
According to David Christian, “complex” things in the universe
Are more widespread than simple things in the universe
Require less work /energy to construct than simple things do
R defined by emrgent properties & precise arangment of parts
Have very few bits & pieces, with little variety among them
12
Which of the following is NOT a part of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?
Change in an individual's genetic material R usually harmful
More offspring are produced than can generally survive
Individuals in a population vary in many ways
13
Which statement can be inferred from the evolutionary tree?
Species 3 is most closely related to Species 7
Species 5 is most closely related to Species 6
Species 2 is most closely related to Species 3
Species 1 is most closely related to Species 8
14
Low mass stars can produce chemical elements up to ___________ on the periodic table.
Delphinium
Geranium
Uranium
Oxygen
15
The process of accretion involves…
matter collapsing & reaching a temp. of 10 million degrees
movement of sections of earth’s crust over molten material
Particles of dust and ice combining to from lumps of matter
sorting of different types of matter into planetary layers
16
What are the ingredients and Goldilocks Conditions for Threshold 1: The Big Bang?
New chemical elements + gravity and accretion
Stars + gravity
Time and space + energy and matter
We don’t know + we don’t know
17
What protects the Earth from the Sun’s high-energy light and subatomic particles?
Earth’s magnetic field
Both
Earth’s atmosphere
Neither
18
A spectrum is the result of dividing light into individual colors or wavelengths
Awwwww YEAH!
NOOOOO it ain't!
19
The theory that the Universe is expanding is supported by the _______________________
radioactive decay occurring in the Sun
blueshift of light from distant galaxies
nuclear fusion occurring in the Sun
redshift of light from distant galaxies
20
Arriving at a conclusion based upon the credibility of a source is an example of using
Evidence
authority
intuition
Logic
21
Why is the formation of stars an important threshold in Big History?
Stars create the “hot spots” needed for more complexity.
Stars created cosmic microwave background radiation.
Stars rid the Universe of dark matter.
Stars exploded in the Big Bang.
22
___refers to the degrees of magnification or perspective used to measure time, space, and size
Complexity
Scale
threshold
Goldilocks Conditions
23
When scholars make conjectures, they are:
asking questions to guide their research
posing a theory supported by evidence.
gathering and analyzing information.
making a thoughtful guess or hypothesis
24
One characteristic of all living things is that they…
Maintain internal stability
Produce identical offspring
Synthesize only inorganic matter
Develop organ systems
25
_______________________ is the fundamental force of attraction between bodies of mass.
Gravity
Magnetism
Electromagnetism
The atom
26
For which of the following Big History topics would an astrophysicist serve as an authority?
Theories on the formation of the Universe
Fossil records
Origin stories of different cultures
How life on Earth has diversified
27
The theory that the universe is expanding is supported by the…
Nuclear fusion occurring in the Sun
Radioactive decay occurring in the Sun
Blue shift of light from distant galaxies
Red shift of light from distant galaxies
28
Why is the 1769 transit of Venus so important to our current understanding of the Universe?
A. The transit was the first time Venus was identified.
it caused a full eclipse of the Sun.
It helped us figure out the size of Venus compared to theSun
It helped us calculate Earth’s distance to the Sun.
29
..is throughout the Universe. Scientists
can
view its interaction with gravity but
not
with light
Dark Space
Dark Energy
Dark Shadow
Dark Matter
30
Dmitri Mendeleev was mainly known for coming up with
the Big Bang theory
star theory
nuclear fusion
the periodic table of elements
31
Which scientist provided Hubble with evidence to figure out if some stars were moving away?
Henrietta Leavitt
Ptolemy
Nicolas Copernicus
Isaac Newton
32
What is a property of all galaxies?
All galaxies contain a large number of stars
All galaxies are the same size
All galaxies have a spiral shape
All galaxies rotate around a central star
33
When you decide to believe a claim based on information you can observe & verify, you are using
Authority
Logic
Evidence
Intuition
34
What is parallax?
method to measure something far away by viewing from 2angles
a graphic disturbance
2 lines that have the same distance between them
To become less tense or anxious
35
Which of these statements best describes how the planets of the solar system formed?
They're condensed rings of mater thrown off by the young Sun
They formed from a nebular cloud of dust and gas
The Sun captured them from smaller, older nearby stars
They'e the remains of an exploded star once paired w/the Sun
36
What type of reaction is happening in the core of a star?
Nuclear accretion
Nuclear fusion
Nuclear fission
Nuclear salation
37
Stars begin their life cycle in…
A supernova
A nebula
A nova
A black hole
38
When ingredients under the right Conditions are transformed to create something more complex
claim testers
thresholds of increasing complexity
A. Porridge clarifiers
A. collective learning
39
What is the matching scientific notation for 100, or one hundred?
10-1
102
1010
10-2
40
All origin stories are based on real people and events.
True
False
41
The picture shows a rock formation w/ folded layers. Which best explains how the layers folded?
The rock was deformed by a meteorite impact
The rock was suddenly pulled apart during an earthquake
The rock melted and flowed downhill
It was slowly compressed due to tectonic plate movement
42
What is the primary way we classify stars?
Stars are arranged by temperature.
Stars are arranged by their degree of color.
Stars are arranged by size.
Stars are arranged by distance from Earth.
43
An origin story is:
A. a theory as to why the Universe is expanding.
the use of spoken language to pass down a people’s history.
an attempt to explain the beginning of humans & the Universe
A. a scientific explanation for how atoms formed.
44
___________________ is the study of past events.
Biology
Astronomy
History
Cosmology
45
Before the telescope, what did astronomers use to try to determine astronomical distances?
Copernicopias
Parallax
Spectrascopes
Sextants
46
How far is the Earth from the Sun?
15 million kilometers
15 billion kilometers
150 million kilometers
1 million kilometers
47
Why do the planets in our solar system have a layered internal structure?
All planets cooled rapidly after they formed
The Sun exerts a gravitational force on the planets
Cosmic dust settled in layers on the planets’ surfaces
Each planet is composed of materials of different densities
48
Supernovae play an important role in the BHP narrative of increasing complexity because they…
Run out of hydrogen so slowly
Eventually become dwarf stars
Are the only stars to form carbon and oxygen
Are hot enough to forge elements heavier than iron
49
What information best helps scientists to determine evolutionary relationships among organisms?
DNA sequences
Anatomical features
Habitat types
Reproductive strategies
50
What type of reaction is happening in the core of a star?
Nuclear fission
Nuclear accretion
Nuclear salation
Nuclear fusion
51
Which of these statements about the Scientific Revolution in Europe is accurate?
New ideas supported the geocentric theory of Ptolemy
Scientists questioned traditional beliefs about the universe
The existence of natural laws was rejected
The Bible was used to justify new scientific findings
52
How much longer will the Sun continue to burn its fuel?
another 1 million years
A. another 5 billion years
another 1000 years
another 500 million years
53
source material for BH draws from many ___, such as biology, chemistry, physics, & archaeology.
disciplines
sciences
maladies
claim testers
54
The fusion of hydrogen to helium is a reaction that commonly occurs in…
A comet’s tail of ionized gases
The Sun and other typical stars
The ionosphere and thermosphere
Earth’s outer core of molten iron
55
In Big History, “thresholds " refer to…
Times when large number of species died off abruptly
"just right" conditions which bring about mor complex things
the tools used to measure time, space and size
When something entirely new & more complex develops
56
What distance is the astronomical unit based upon?
The diameter of our Solar System.
The diameter of the Earth.
The distance of the Sun from the Earth.
The distance of the Moon from the Earth.
57
___ is a method of expressing very large and very small numbers
Supernumerativity
Scientific Notation
Multiplication
Spectrocsopy
