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Pharmacology Final Review
Pharmacology Final Review
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1
A patient has a low blood volume, which isotonic solutions would you expect to be given by IV?
D5W
0.9% NS
3% NS
Lactated Ringers
2
Select the correct items to consider when a pt is on Loop Diuretics.
Educate pt on foods with potassium such as potatoes with the skin
Administer via IV Push
Educate pt potassium levels will increase with Loops
Monitor K
3
Alternative and Complementary Therapies are always safe.
False
True
4
Sumatriptan should be used daily to prevent future migraines.
True
False
5
What is a priority concern a pt taking Ertapenem should notify their provider of?
Constipation
Severe or bloody diarrhea
Weight gain in a month
Recent jail stay
6
A pt is prescribed the antiviral agent Acyclovir, what education should be provided?
You will only get sick once a year
The medication should be taken 4 times a day, so set an alarm at night
Take all of your medicine to be cured
Take your medicine once a week
7
Prolonged use of this medication may result in masking a serious underlying disorder.
Doxazosin
Diphenhydramine
Guaifenesin
Oxybutynin
8
Your pt has iron deficiency anemia, what education would you provide about taking their iron supplements at home?
Stools may appear dark & tarry
Take with milk, coffee, tea or eggs to help absorption
Take on an empty stomach
May cause constipation
9
When would be giving a live vaccine be contraindicated?
Under 12 months of age
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rhinorrhea
AIDs
10
Liquid iron supplements should be taken as a shot.
False
True
11
When should other medications be taken if a pt is on Cholestyramine?
30 minutes before or 2 hours after
1 hr before or 4-6 hrs after
12
Side effects to monitor for with a pt taking Gentamicin include
tinnitus
superinfections
nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity
13
Diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker should not be taken with this beverage.
Orange Juice
Grape Juice
Water
Grapefruit Juice
14
An antidiarrheal would be contraindicated in a C. Diff pt or one that has some type of poisoning.
False
True
15
What patient education would you provide for a pt taking Psyllium.
Mix in 8 oz of fluid and take right away
Take at least 30 minutes to 2 hours before other meds
This medication is not safe to take daily
Follow with 8 oz of fluid
16
Iodine solutions are Pregnancy Category X or A?
Pregnancy Category X
Pregnancy Category A
17
Alpha- and Beta-Adrenergic Agonists is the drug class of which prototype?
Doxazosin
Dopamine
Pyridostigmine
Labetalol
18
What should a nurse educate a pt who is taking Lithium? (SATA)
Stop abruptly if you don't like how you feel
2-3 L of water daily
You will have lab work
Consistent sodium intake
19
This medicine typically has peak and trough lab levels and may cause Red Man Syndrome
Mebendazole
Tetracycline
Acyclovir
Vancomycin
20
Select general education items for a female pt taking oral contraceptives.
If you miss one day, double up the next day
Stop taking when you are sick
Don't prevent contraction of STIs
Take at the same time daily
21
What are some common side effects of glucocorticoids?
Increased appetite
Insomnia
Weight gain
Hypoglycemia
22
What patient teaching should be provided for the use of Warfarin?
Use an electric razor and soft bristled toothbrush
Playing contact sports such as football are recommended
Labs such as PT/INR will need checked
Maintain a consistent amount of Vitamin K foods in your diet
23
What education would you provide a pt newly prescribed statins?
Advise that cholesterol levels will be monitored
Avoid high fat foods
Take at bedtime
Pregnancy Category A
24
What patient education would be provided for someone taking Calcitrol?
Green leafy vegetables are high in calcium
Small frequent meals
Labs will be needed to monitor calcium levels
Bone pain is common
25
Medication approved by the FDA designed to rapidly reverse opioid overdose
Heparin
Protamine Sulfate
Naloxone
Vitamin K
26
We will pass our Pharmacology Final with flying colors!
False
True
27
Nursing considerations for a pt taking Digoxin
Yellow halos are a common side effect
Weigh pt daily
IV doses slowly over 5 minutes
Listen to apical pulse for 30 seconds
28
Select the correct side effects of benzos
Dry mouth
Non-addictive
Sedation
Hypertension
Nightmares
Headache
29
Select the two medication that can cause pseudomembranous colitis.
Vancomycin
Ertapenem
Clindamycin
Tetracycline
30
What are some things long-term use of steroids can put a pt at risk for?
Glaucoma & Cataracts
Increased risk for infection
Cushing's Syndrome
Parkinson's Disease
Diabetes Insipidus
Osteoporosis
31
Patient education when prescribed a Schedule II medication (SATA)
Much have an ID & be 17yrs or older
No refills
Prescriptions are virtual, no hard scripts
Do not sell or share your medication
90-day script
Be conscious of the addictive properties
32
Patient education for newly prescribed antihypertensives (SATA)
Start during the week while working
May be light-headed and dizzy for the first few days
Don't stand too quickly
Monitor BP & Pulse before taking
33
Select the side effects of Antipsychotics
Weight loss
Tardive Dyskinesia
Sedation
Dystonia
34
What is the biggest concern for patients taking acetaminophen?
Constipation
Liver damage
Osteoporosis
Headaches
35
A piece of education for a pt taking an inhaled corticosteroid:
Always use a spacer
Take a puff sitting down and then standing up
Drink orange juice after
Rinse out your mouth after taking the medication
36
Select the side effects of taking Aspirin
Reye Syndrome
Bleeding
Salicylism
Constipation
37
Loperamide has a direct effect on the muscle layers of the GI tract.
True
False
38
A mother brings her child to the Dr.'s office stating they had chicken pox and now wants the vaccine, correct response?
"We can set up an appointment for the vaccine in 2 weeks."
"The Dr. is too busy to give a chicken pox right now."
"Vaccines are preventative, so it won't be needed for your child."
"We will take care of that right away."
39
Select the appropriate labs to monitor for a pt on Cyclosporine.
Cr
AST
GFR
BUN
ALT
CBC
40
Choose foods containing tyramine that shouldn't be given with MAOIs:
Pepperoni
Kimchi
Aged cheeses
White wine
Soy sauce
Hamburger
41
What is a priority nursing intervention when caring for a pt on TPN?
Monitor blood glucose levels
No need to listen to the patient's lungs while on TPN
Make sure the pt does not eat anything else
Hang the bag for 48 hrs
42
What education would a nurse provide for a pt taking Sildenafil?
Take medication 1 hr before sexual activity
Go to the ER for an erection lasting longer than 4 hrs
It is normal for you to have an erection for the rest of the day
Take as many times as you need it daily
43
Provide pt education for someone taking Levothyroxine (SATA)
It is ok to share this medication with others
This medication does not expire
Report any weight loss to your provider
May have a rash or hair loss in the first few months of taking it
Take on an empty stomach
Take with a full glass of water
44
If administering a parasympathomimetic, what reactions would be expected of your patient?
Vasodilation
Tachycardia
Low BP
Diarrhea
45
How long should you take cough suppressants before you go see your Dr.?
17 days
7 days
1 month
2 weeks
46
What is the priority intervention when administering a neuromuscular blocking agent?
Administering with IV dextrose
Administering with milk
Breathing for the pt
Ensuring the pt has a stool softener
47
Select the adverse effects of Finasteride.
gynecomastia
impotence
hypoglycemia
increase libido
48
Thiazide diuretics will drop potassium more than Loop Diuretics.
True
False
49
What teaching should be provided to a pt on immunosuppressants?
Utilize a mask if going out into large crowds
Go to large parties
Eat raw foods
Complete hand hygiene frequently
50
Dextromethorphan should be used for a non-productive cough up to how long?
30 days
2 weeks
1 week
2 months
51
A pt may be allergic to Cefaclor if they have a penicillin allergy.
True
False
52
What is the priority assessment/prevention need for a pt prescribed Ondansetron?
Dehydration
Appetite
Fatigue
Insomnia
53
What should you do if your pt is on TPN and it runs out before you have a new bag from the pharmacy?
Hang a bag of 0.9% NS
Hang a bag of LR
Hang a bag of 0.45% NS
Hang a bag of the highest dextrose solution you have
54
Name the Pregnancy Category: Adequate studies in pregnant women haven't shown a risk to the fetus in the 1st trimester
Pregnancy Category X
Pregnancy Category A
Pregnancy Category B
Pregnancy Category D
55
Which insulin is the only one given IV per NCLEX?
Humalog
NPH
Regular
Glargine
56
Choose the potassium-sparing diuretic
Furosemide
Spironolactone
Hydrochlorothiazide
Mannitol
57
Select some general information you would share with a pt receiving vaccines.
Rub the injection site
Don't premedicate
May have a high fever
Flu-like symptoms are likely
58
Phenazopyridine has what typical adverse effect?
Sweating
Lethargy
Improved vision
Reddish-orange coloring of urine
59
SATA for side effects of bone marrow suppression
Check for bruising
Joint dislocation
CBC
Assess for fatigue and pallor
Signs of infection
Osteoporosis
60
Select items that would indicate further education is needed for a pt taking antibiotics.
"I will eat probiotics to help prevent a vaginal infection."
"I will save and share my antibiotics with my family."
"I know it will make my birth control work better, so that's a positive."
"I will take all of my medication."
"This medication will also help with the cold sores I get occasionally."
"If I have nausea, vomiting or diarrhea, I will call my Dr. immediately."
61
Which drugs will cause decreased secretions, pupil dilation, increased sweating and piloerection?
Sympathomimetics
Parasympathomimetics
62
A pt is about to take Phenylephrine, what is the first thing they should do?
Lay down
Blow nose
Tilt head back
Inhale the medication
63
Nitro can be taken as much as you want sublingual as long as you are sitting down.
True
False
64
Immune Seras are given as a vaccine or antivenom?
Antivenom
Vaccine
65
Alcohol should be avoided while taking Antifungals.
False
True
66
Antidote for Heparin
Vitamin K
Warfarin
Vitamin C
Protamine Sulfate
67
Which medication is a pt most likely taking if the nurse assesses if the pt has tendon pain?
Tetracycline
Amoxicillin
Rifampin
Ciprofloxacin
68
What pt education would you provide for someone taking Baclofen?
Taper drug slowly over 1-2 weeks
Alcohol is safe to take with this drug
Positioning is important for a pt taking this med
Hypertension is a common side effect
69
Select the water-soluble vitamins that you can take as much as you want.
Vitamin B6
Vitamin A
Vitamin K
Vitamin E
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
70
Select the rescue inhalers listed below.
Sympathomimetics
Albuterol
Beclomethasone
Anticholinergics
Zafirlukast
Ipratropium
71
What information would you provide to a patient starting Antimycobacterials?
The drug regimen may last 6-12 months or longer
Use barrier contraceptives
Stop taking them if you feel better
Avoid foods containing tyramine
72
With which insulin do you need to make sure the pt has food in front of them?
NPH
Long acting
Regular
Rapid (Logs)
73
Which insulin is taken once a day and cannot be mixed in the same syringe as others?
Humulin R
Novolin N
Logs
Glargine
74
You are administering penicillin to a pt for the first time, select the priority consideration.
Give with 8 oz of orange juice
Monitor pt for 2 hours after administration
Give with 2 full glasses of water
Monitor pt for 15-30 minutes after administration
75
What would you assess for a pt that is taking Acetaminophen?
AST
CBC
Jaundice
ALT
76
Select the priority assessment for a female pt newly prescribed an Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker.
CBC
Pregnancy or lactation
Other meds
Current BMI
77
Choose the correct stem for Beta-Blockers
statin
-mine
-pril
-olol
78
What is some pt education for someone taking ADHD stimulants?
Take at night
Your height and weight will be monitored
Take with a meal
"Drug Holidays" should be physician controlled
79
What are typical side effects of NSAIDs?
Constipation
Dyspepsia
Diarrhea
GI pain and possible bleeding
80
This Anxiolytic can be taken daily without any sedation side effects.
Phenobarbital
Eszopiclone
Buspirone
Zolpidem
81
Name the Pregnancy Category: The risk of use in a pregnant woman clearly outweighs any possible benefit.
Pregnancy Category A
Pregnancy Category B
Pregnancy Category D
Pregnancy Category X
82
Your pt is on an Antiarrhythmic Agent, what considerations would you have as a Nurse?
Have a crash cart available
Monitor your pt for palpitations & dizziness
Baseline & Continuous EKG
Educate pt to check their pulse and it's regularity
83
Tetracycline is not given to patients under what age due to staining and pitting of teeth and bones?
8 years old
18 years old
60 years old
10 years old
84
Which drug is typically used to treat Diabetes Insipidus and nocturia?
Glucagon
Fludrocortisone
Metformin
Desmopressin
85
Adverse effects of Phenytoin (SATA)
Steven-Johnson's Syndrome
Gingival Hyperplasia
Sedation
Pregnancy Category X
86
What is the priority Nursing Consideration when caring for a pt on Morphine?
Monitor SPO2 & Respirations
Administer with 8 oz of orange juice
Administer a stool softener
Provide the pt with green leafy vegetables
87
Antidote for Warfarin
Vitamin K
St. John's Wart
Protamine Sulfate
Naloxone
88
Which of the following would be correct information to provide a pt taking diuretics?
Monitor weight weekly
Drink plenty of fluids
Have a clear path to restroom
Take in the morning or afternoon
89
When should you take antacids in relation to other medications?
1 hr before or 4-6 hours after other meds
2 hrs before other meds
1 hr before or 2 hrs after other meds
30 minutes after other meds
90
Select adverse effects of Sulfonamides.
photosensitivity
hepatocellular necrosis
Steven-Johnson's Syndrome
teratogenic
91
Select the correct information a nurse would assess for a pt scheduled for general anesthesia
Proceed if the pt drove themselves
Family hx of malignant hyperthermia
Ensure the pt has eaten 3 meals prior
Favorite color
Known allergies
Have an accurate weight on the pt
92
Name the Pregnancy Category: The benefits from the use of the drug may be acceptable despite its potential risks.
Pregnancy Category D
Pregnancy Category X
Pregnancy Category A
Pregnancy Category B
93
The ACE inhibitor Lisinopril is safe to use with pregnancy.
True
False
94
Contraindications for a pt taking thrombolytics.
Recent head trauma
Recent GI bleeding
24 BMI
17 years old
95
What side effects would you expect for a pt taking an anticholinergic? SATA
Urine output decreases
Blurred vision
Constipation
Increased blood sugar
96
Caution should be taken in which pts if taking Prednisone?
Pregnancy
Diabetics
97
Select pt education that would be given for the SSRI Fluoxetine.
Hyperhidrosis is common
Take at night
Barrier contraception is needed
May take up to 4 weeks for full therapeutic effects
May cause sexual dysfunction
Do not take with MAOIs or other SSRIs
98
Which is a side effect of statins?
Weight loss
Insomnia
Rhabdomyolysis
Cold chills
99
What patient education would you provide to a female starting on Phenobarbital?
There is a risk for addiction, and alcohol should be avoided with this drug
Antihistamines are ok to take with this medication
Avoid pregnancy and talk to your Dr. if you are wanting to become pregnant
Eat small frequent meals if you experience GI upset
