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Final Exam
Final Exam
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1
____ asks, "does my item consistently result in the same response?"
Confirmation
Absence from bias
Validity
Reliability
2
A neutral stimulus ___?
Has no initial response
Is the response to a conditioned stimulus
Is the natural response to an unconditioned stimulus
Is a stimulus that naturally causes a response
3
The process of revising pre-existing concepts is called?
Equilibrium
Assimilation
Schema
Accommodation
4
What are children likely to experience as a result of IDEA 2004?
A classroom with a few students who have special ed. needs
A school with funding dependent on the amount of students
A classroom of children with different ethnic backgrounds
A classroom with little to no accommodations for students
5
What is a characteristic of a problem that is well-structured?
The problem can have multiple correct paths to a solution
The problem can have multiple correct solutions
The problem can have missing info that is key for a solution
The problem can be solved using few and clear rules
6
Triarchic Reciprocal Causality is a part of the behaviorist theory?
True
False
7
A person's immediate relationships and activities within the ecological model is referred to as
Microsystem
Chronosystem
Ecosystem
Macrosystem
8
Joey gets a bad grade in English class and believes there is no way to improve his scores. This can be an example of?
Learned helplessness
A learning disability
Failure
9
Matt takes apart problems and works on each part. What is this problem solving strategy called?
Working backwards
Problem representation
Problem analysis
Analogical thinking
10
How many hierarchal levels are in the Taxonomies of Educational Objectives?
6
3
10
4
11
Which is the best characterization of Piaget's and Vgotsky's views on learning and development?
They both believe that development precedes learning
Piaget believe that learning precedes development
They both believed that learning precedes development
Vgotsky's believed that learning precedes development
12
Erikson proposed eight psychological crises of development and suggested that__?
each crisis consists of both advantages and risks
the resolution of a crises helps an individuals personality
how one crisis is resolved affects how later crises are resolved
all of the above
13
Which of Gilligan's moral positions involved considering others' preferences or needs but not one's own?
Self-less care
Survival orientation
Integrated care
Conventional care
14
The Premack Principle states that a more preferred activity can serve as a reinforcer for a less preferred activity
False
True
15
What are the three levels of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
Preconventional, conventional, postconventional
Pre-school, post-school, adult
Preoperational, concrete, formal
16
You finally take out the garbage in order to get your father to stop pestering you. This is?
Negative reinforcement
Presentation punishment
Removal punishment
Positive reinforcement
17
The cognitive approach to formulating learning objectives starts with topics you want the students to know
False
True
18
Dante is fluent in both English and Italian. What will Dante have a better grasp on?
None of the above
He will have a better grasp on poetry and literature
He will have a better grasp on comprehending text
He will be able to express concepts in several ways
19
Which of the following students is an English Language Learner?
Ezekiel who is fluent in both English and Hebrew
None of the above
Nadia who moved from Saudi Arabia and speaks little English
Dave who has a hard time understanding English lit in class
20
Which is the best example of an idea on which constructivists could theoretically differ?
The relationship between learning and development
Testing and its influence on learning and development
The relationship between internal and external events
The role of general ed and achievement during development
21
____ is keeping information in your working memory by associating it with something you already know.
Chunking
Connecting Rehearsal
Elaborative rehearsal
Maintenance rehearsal
22
Teaching today is different from the past because there is __
increased instructional technology in the classroom
all of the above
greater accountability in education
increased diversity in the classroom
23
What is most likely to happen when a person starts to reach their teen years (15 years and older)?
Diana will become taller and weigh more due to being a female
Daniel will weigh more but Diana will be taller
Daniel will become taller and weigh more due to being a male
Daniel and Diana will remain the same height and weight
24
In RTI, students in tier 3 ___?
Require intensive intervention
Require some form of intervention
Are least likely to need intervention
25
What is the order of Piaget's cognitive development stages?
Preoperational, sensorimotor, formal operational, concrete operational
Formal operational, concrete operational, preoperational, sensorimotor
Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
Preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational, sensorimotor
26
In problem solving ___ is the inability to use objects or tools in a new way
Functional fixedness
Confirmation bias
Response set
Belief perseverance
27
Behaviorists define learning as changing in ___ behavior
Functional
Observable
Constructive
Cooperative
28
Setting realistic goals is a way for teachers to encourage a resolution of which crisis?
Trust vs. Mistrust
Generativity vs Stagnation
Industry vs. Inferiority
Initiative vs Guilt
29
Ray's mother resolves that she will ignore the tantrums no matter what. This plan is?
Shaping
Discrimination
Classical conditioning
Extinction
30
BF Skinner is to ____ , as Ivan Pavlov is to _____.
operant conditioning; classical conditioning
classical conditioning; cognitive learning
Cognitive learning; classical conditioning
Classical conditioning; operant conditioning
31
The words a person can speak is referred to as ___?
Language
Receptive Vocabulary
Pragmatics
Expressive Vocabulary
32
You ask your class to think of as many uses for a paperclip as they can. This thinking is?
Problem-Solving Thinking
Critical Thinking
Convergent Thinking
Divergent Thinking
33
In operant conditioning, sending a child to timeout could be an example of?
Negative punishment
Positive punishment
Negative reinforcement
Positive reinforcement
34
Which strategy allows teachers to aid in Erikson's crisis of identity vs. role of confusion
Avoid referring students to counselors
Discourage experimentation with diverse roles
Expose students to diverse role models
Do not tolerate sudden changes in students' life plans
35
A student who is not receiving adequate food to eat has what type of need?
Being need
Deficit need
Survival need
Nutritional need
36
“What if” questions require students to consider several ideas in their minds. What is this?
Higher-Order Thinking
Hypothetical Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
Superior Intelligence
37
Ms. Jackson's perception of her capabilities to deal with a particular task is her sense of?
self-concept
self-confidence
self-esteem
self-efficacy
38
A positive correlation between two factors indicates that ___?
the factors are causally related (one causes the other)
they tend to move in opposite directions
as one increases the other one decreases (or vice versa)
as one increases the other one increases (or as one dec the other one dec)
39
A parent spanks their child in order to decrease their behavior. This is known as?
Negative punishment
Positive reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative reinforcement
40
Which is the most important feature of a fully multicultural educational program?
Malleable teaching strategies.
Awareness of cultural diversity.
Integrating cultural content.
Prejudice reduction.
41
Kiesha engages in make-believe play where she uses her imagination in play. What stage is this?
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational
Sensorimotor
Pre-Operational
42
In Maslow's Hierarchy, what would need to be satisfied before a student could truly learn?
Safety and security needs
All of the above
Love and belonging needs
Physiological needs
43
According to the text, use of technology in the classroom may allow students to
__
Become more knowledgeable about computers
Reduce their number of incomplete assignments
Complete their assignments with greater ease
Become directors of their own learning.
44
When asked to think about school, Ray thinks about several different things. This is called?
Schema
Assimilation
Metacognition
Accommodation
45
These standards were not developed by state government, but may be adopted by states. They would be?
National standards
Scope and sequence
State standards
Curriculum framework
46
___ contains educational objectives that range from simple to complex thinking
Bloom's taxonomy
RTI
Common core standards
Differentiated instruction
47
Which is not a reason or purpose using standardized tests?
Determining eligibility for a program
Determining a student's grade
Comparing students in a wide context, like national norms
Evaluating both teacher and school performance
48
Sue gives students praise every fourth time they raise their hand. This is an example of what type of reinforcement?
Fixed-interval
Fixed-ratio
Variable-interval
Variable-ratio
49
Kohlberg believed that moral growth occurs through interaction with one's environment
False
True
50
You place a toy under a blanket and a child knows it is there and seeks after it. What concept has the child developed?
Decentration
Conservation
Reversibility
Object permanence
51
What is something that you could observe in a student to know that they are thinking critically?
Students can use the web to look up info about the war
Students can ask questions about battles in the war
Students are able to identify countries in the war
Students can evaluate ideas about how the war started
52
__ is the affective reaction of overall judgment of oneself. __ is cognitive knowledge and beliefs about onself
Self-concept; self-esteem
Self-actualization; self-esteem
Self-esteem; self concept
None of the above
53
Little Albert became conditioned to other white items besides a rabbit, this is called?
Discrimination
Extinction
Generalization
Reinforcement
54
When teachers work with students going through puberty, what do they need to be aware of?
Teachers need to be supportive for their students
Teachers need to talk to their student about their puberty
Teachers must be counseling their students
Teachers do not need to worry about their students
55
____ drives reinforcement not part of the activity or behavior itself
Intrinisic motivation
Extrinsic motivation
56
Times when we are especially receptive to learning certain things is known as:
Sensitive periods
Necessity periods
Childhood periods
Critical periods
57
__ memory appears to be unlimited and duration can be permanent
Long term
Short term/working
Sensory
58
What may high-stakes testing influence?
All of the above
The evaluation of teachers
Whether a student is to continue to the next level of schooling
What content is taught within the classroom
59
What is steadily on the incline of being abused by high school students?
Cigarettes
None of the above
Prescription drugs
Alcohol
60
Which of the following is the best example of a formative assessment?
A final exam given at the end of the semester
A standardized test to determine student abilities
A quiz with feedback for the students
A survey of students' understanding that is sent to parents
