Biology EOC Review

macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes

a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport

division of the cytoplasm

first species to populate an area during primary succession

the final stage of meiosis when the chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle

domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan

process where the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA

energy pyramida diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web

ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins

compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria

movement of alleles into or out of a population due to the migration of individuals to or from the population

the vascular tissue through which water and nutrients move in plants

a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell; made of carbohydrates

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes

ATP

two strands of nucleotides wound about each other; structure of DNA

basic building blocks of proteins

An organelle that functions in the synthesis of proteins

gradual change in living communities that follows a disturbance

a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

having two identical alleles for a trait

Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry.

The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy

the series of changes that occur in an area where no soil or organisms exist

movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels; passive transport

the cycle of growth and reproduction of a cell, consisting of interphase (g1, s, g2) and mitosis

symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship

tissue that conducts water and nutrients through the plant body in plants

one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome

unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development showing the main recognizable features of maturity

taxonomic group containing one or more species

protein that speeds up a chemical reaction

exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis

change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information

first and longest phase of mitosis

the gradual change in a species over time

a long chain of smaller molecules called nucleotides; DNA and RNA

the complete genetic material contained in an individual

organize the spindle fibers to separate chromosomes during animal cell mitosis

monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

a structure in a cell: receives proteins + new materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them ships out of cell

domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycans

the vascular tissue through which food moves in plants

Pairs of cells that surround stomata and control their opening and closing.

feeding level in an ecosystem

organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food;

a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.

part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides

when the concentration of two solutions is the same

Plant growth in response to light

controls what goes in and out of the nucleus

inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival

process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully

in RNA, a three-base "word" that codes for one amino acid

Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms

loss of water from a plant through its leaves

the organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back again

sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

the process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells

macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair

tiny fibers that are seen in cell division

the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration; passive

parts of an organism that are no longer functioning and do not affect survival

cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell

organic compound used by cells to store and release energy; composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.

symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

a classification of organisms into groups based on similarities of structure or origin etc

second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

physical characteristics of an organism; like green eyes, bushy tail or sleek tail

process in which cells become specialized in structure and function

substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction; like an enzyme

asexual reproduction in prokaryotes by which one cell divides into two identical cells

the different forms of a gene; could be dominant or recessive

Most inclusive taxonomic category

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

The lipid bilayer that forms the outer boundary of the cell

cell condition in which two of each type of chromosome are present

the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles

a part of the cell containing DNA responsible for growth and reproduction

condensed threads of genetic material formed from chromatin as a cell prepares to divide

(genetics) the process whereby DNA makes a copy of itself before cell division

a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently

a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem

The inherited characteristic often masked by the dominant characteristic and not seen in an organism.

deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics

all of the alleles in all the individuals that make up a population

the formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA

substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody

half the normal number of chromosomes; found in sex cells

egg or sperm sex cell that contains a single set of chromosomes (haploid), one from each homologous pair

cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes

having two different alleles for a trait

transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome

disease-causing agent

the status of an organism within its environment and community (affecting its survival as a species)

a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a pathogen that has entered the body

green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis

organelle in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight convert to chemical energy

The reactant on which an enzyme works.

A unicellular organism that LACKS a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

a model of evolution in which gradual change over a long period of time leads to biological diversity

the variety of different species in a given area

cellular organelles where cellular respiration occurs

a relatively stable long-lasting community reached in a successional series

genetic cross using two traits with two alleles each

Chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and genetic content

organism in its early stage of development

Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move.

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

any large complex organic molecule

relationship in which two species live closely together

process by which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane (two answers)

genetic makeup of an organism; like BB, Bb, or bb

large taxonomic group, consisting of closely related phyla, is this a description of a kingdom

structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in form or function

a signal to which an organism responds

a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten