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GEOL1301Test3 Spring 2023 Flashcards | StudBud
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GEOL1301Test3 Spring 2023
GEOL1301Test3 Spring 2023
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1
How does the Theory of Plate Tectonics explain the location of same fossils at Points A and B?
The animals developed independently on both continents.
Humans transported the animals from point A to point B.
The continents were once joined together.
The animals swam from one continent to the other
2
What do P- and S-Waves tell us about Earth's interior?
That Earth is empty
That part of Earth is liquid
That Earth is changing size
That part of Earth is solid
3
When an earthquake occurs, the slower seismic waves to reach a nearby city are
secondary
tertiary
surface
primary
4
Which of these land forms is most likely to be found at a divergent boundary?
Faultline
Mountain
Mid-ocean ridge
Earthquake
5
Elastic Rebound Theory states
that continental drift is impossible since the coastlines don't fit exactly
that faults creep until they suddenly rupture in an earthquake
gravity causes tectonic plates to bounce in place
stress builds on a fault until it exceeds its strength, then it ruptures
6
What is the epicenter?
Point directly below the earthquake
Point directly above an earthquake
Point inside of the earthquake
Point not near the earthquake
7
Principle of Inclusions
A sequence of undisturbed rock layers will have the oldest rocks on bottom
A geologic feature which disturbs a prexisting feature is younger
A rock fragment trapped in a host rock will be older than the host rock
Sediments deposited in water will be horizontal or nearly horizontal
8
Relative dating:
Does not provide the age of rocks
Can be used to describe the order of events
Can tell you the composition of earth’satmosphere
Providesexact dates to fossils
9
Rocks found along divergent boundaries are youngest away from the plate boundary
True - rocks are younger as you move away from the boundary
False - rocks are younger closer to the boundary
10
The teacher uses food to teach their kids about plate tectonics. What type of plate boundary is shown?
transform
diverging
converging
11
Love waves are.....
P and S waves
Surface Waves
Internal Waves
Sound Waves
12
Elastic Rebound Theory is
the theory that predicts the intensity of earthquakes
the return of tectonic plates to their starting point.
when rocks are over-stressed and they crack/break.
when rocks snap back to their original shape after being over-stressed
13
Which seismic wave is the last to arrive at a seismic recording station?
primary wave
no wave
secondary wave
surface wave
14
Which seismic wave does not travel through the Earth's core?
l waves
p waves
s waves
surface waves
15
Which part of this seismogram is used tofind the distance to the epicenter of theearthquake?
differencein the height of the P-wave and S-wave
P-wave arrival time, only
difference in the arrival time of the P-waveand S-wave
S-wave arrival time, only
16
Which of the following forms/happens as a result of a convergent boundary?
Mountains
Mid-Ocean Ridges
Rifts
Earthquakes
17
The geologic time scale represents Earth's ________ year history.
1 billion
4.6 billion
9 million
2.5 million
18
This is the chain of mountains that line the ocean floor caused by a divergent boundary
island arc
mid-ocean ridge
seminary ridge
heartbreak ridge
19
Crust is ____________ at transform boundaries.
Created
Destroyed
Niether created or destroyed
20
The largest division of geologic time
Eon
Century
Period
Decade
21
What is relative age dating?
Determining if a layer is older or younger than another
Figuring out what fossils are in a layer
Finding the exact age of a layer
Finding out how much older or younger a layer is
22
Define Plate Tectonics
All continents were once combined
States that the earth was completely covered with plates
The earth was once completely covered in water
Earths surface is made of rigid slabs of rock
23
The theory of plate tectonics attempts to explain the
composition of Earth's inner regions.
layering of sedimentary rock.
gravitational forces of Earth.
movement of Earth's upper layers.
24
The layer of the Earth that has convection currents driving plate tectonics is the ___.
Inner Core
Mantle
Crust
Outer Core
25
Rayleigh waves....
are similar to ocean waves
create a churning motion in the ground
are a type of SURFACE wave
all of the above
26
What is relative age dating?
Older objects are determined by the color of the soil
Using radioisotopes to determine the age of an object.
Comparing ages of objects based on the layer objects are in
determine the age based on the culture that made it
27
What does the princple of superposition tell us?
The oldest rock is on the top
The age of a rock
The age of a fossil
The oldest rock is on the bottom
28
Ring of Fire is...
A ring of Fire in the middle of the ocean
A fire ring of hot lava
A zone of intense earthquake and volcanic activity
Where Earthquakes and volcanos never occur
29
Love waves ____
have particles that move side to side along earth's surface
have particles that move roll along earth's surface
have particles that move up and down earth's surface
have particles that don't move along earth's surface
30
what happens in a transform boundary
volcanoes
earthquakes
mid-ocean ridge
mountain chains
31
This convergent plate boundary is an example of
a rift valley
subduction
Continental mountain range
sea floor spreading
32
Principle of cross cutting relationship
break in the rock record
one rock fragment that is found in a different layer
layer is older than the layer above
a fault or intrusion is younger than the rock layer it cuts through
33
Where is the unconformity in these rock layers?
Between F & E
Between C & B
Between B & D
Between E & F
34
Absolute Dating gives scientist what information?
The exact date of an object
An objects location
An approximate date of an object
Gives an objects perfect date
35
Liquefaction occurs when vibrations from seismic waves cause
sand clumps together
water gets thick like soup
solids to act like liquids
rocks turn to liquid
36
Who began the theory of plate tectonics with his theory called continental drift?
Copernicus
Isaac Newton
Alfred Wegener
Edwin Hubble
37
Where is the Ring of Fire located?
Along every plate boundary
Where oceanic plates collide
Where oceanic and continental plates collide
The rim of the Pacific Ocean
38
A divergent boundary is -
subducting.
sliding past.
pulling apart.
pushing together.
39
What is absolute dating?
using the chronological placement to determine the order.
a process of elimination
using radioactive decay to determine age.
relationship between time and space
40
Convergent plates:
push together
create ocean trenches
slide past one another
pull apart
41
What is a transform boundary?
Where one plate subducts under another plate
Where 2 plates move apart in opposite directions
Where 2 plates move together
Where 2 plates slide past one another in opposite directions
42
Which of the following is evidence of plate tectonics?
type of trees
similar fossils and rockbeds
earthquakes
43
What is a record of seismic activity?
Moment Magnitude
Richter Scale
Seismogram
Seismograph
44
Unconformities cause a gap in:
the ages of the rock layers
oil and mineral deposits
sedimentary rock
igneous rock
45
Which convergent plate boundaries form deep ocean trenches?
Continental-Continental Convergent
Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent
Continental-Oceanic Convergent
46
Seismic waves from earthquakes are measured with an instrument known as a _________.
seismograph
earthquake tape
magnitude meter
Richter Scale
47
Which type of seismic wave travels the fastest?
L
S
P
surface waves
48
What happen as seismic waves travel through rock layers that have different densities?
Both A and B
Waves will disappear
Waves will refract
Waves will change direction
49
What is an unconformity?
When the layers are placed in the wrong order
A type of mountain
When layers are formed to the side
When layers are missing
50
A seismic wave is a....
sudden motion
wave of energy traveling thru Earth away from Earthquakes
burst of energy that travels toward the Earth
lot of people waving at the same time
51
Which type of
convergent
boundary results in mountain ranges like the
Himalayas
?
Continental & Continental
Oceanic & Oceanic
Oceanic & Continental
52
Divergent plate boundaries....
pull away from each other
push toward/against each other
53
How many seismic stations are needed to pinpoint an earthquake?
3
1
4
2
54
What do scientists believe is the
main
force behind the plate tectonics theory?
convection currents
the Sun's gravity
gravity slab pull
the movement of the planets
55
Where do most earthquakes and volcanoes occur in relationship to plate tectonics?
along plate boundaries
at transform boundaries
where continental crust converges
at the mid-ocean ridge
56
________ travel through solids, liquids, and gases. They are the fastest seismic waves.
R waves
P waves
F waves
S waves
57
Transform boundary creates...
Mountains and faults
Volcanoes and Earthquakes
Thunderstorms and lightning
Earthquakes and faults
58
Plate Tectonics
gave rise to today's continents
by convection currents in the mantle.
gave rise to today's continents
The theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion, drive
