ANTH 205 Exam 1

The subsistence type for the Huron was

An etic perspective is an insider's perspective

Chiefdoms typically have a lot of craft specialization

For the Huron, the forest was for ____ and the clearing was for ____

What was the sociopolitical level of the Ju Hoansi?

Fear of foreign things

The comparative and holistic study of human biology and culture

Glottochronology looks at the history of languages and how they diverge over time

The 1st group to bury their dead and use grave markers

Cultural lag is when some things (such as religion, ideology, etc.) change more slowly than other areas of culture

The spirits of Ju Hoansi ancestors were called the Gangwasi

What is NOT a reason for modern war?

Natural selection has embedded in us the need to conform

Aztec commoners who owned land and paid taxes

A form of Aztec nobility that could be achieved, granted to someone of great service to the empire (usually from war)

The study of human fossil records

Porotic hyperostosis can be caused by a lack of iron and often indicates the absence of a meat source

The vasoconstriction/dilation found in Inuit people is an example of

The Huron were patrilineal

Which is NOT a mode of cultural transmission?

Highly stratified society, agricultural, based on market economies, full time army, need a resource base

When anthropologists live with the group they are studying and participate in their culture

The study of human cultural remains; seeks to reconstruct the lifeways of human society

The subsistence type of the Ju Hoansi is

"Floating" gardens found in the Aztec empire that grew a significant amount of their food

What was the population of the Huron?

A novel rearrangement or use of preexisting knowledge or technologies (a type of innovation)

An example of developmental adaptation is the spread of sickle cell anemia in areas with rampant malaria

Comparing two or more units of analysis

Underlying causes of violence

Culture forms as a way to satisfy our basic needs (including psychological, physical, social, and emotional needs)

Marriage amongst the Ju Hoansi was

Pastoralists that follow seasonal migration only

Which was NOT a source for information on the Huron?

Cultural traits generally have an adaptive function

Soldiers captured by the Huron were adopted by a family that lost a loved one and then most were tortured and killed

Mauricio Margalhaes was the spirit medium who channeled Dr. Fritz

Immediate causes for warfare

The belief that everything has a soul/spiritual essence

The ritual digging up and reburying of the Huron in a communal gravesite was called the

Values that are held by everyone in a group

The spreading of cultural traits over time and geological space

Emotionally charged preferences

A detailed book about the way a group of people live

The study of human weights and measurements

Which Huron group was the largest?

The Ju Hoansi were located in

The gift exchange between 2 people in the Ju Hoansi culture was called the

Aztec commoners who worked on others' land

Culture traits are not random occurrences; they are consistent with other cultural traits found within a group

Usually refer to nomadic people, primary food is livestock

In Brazil, spiritism is widely seen as a branch of Christianity

Most people suspected of witchcraft in the Huron were executed

Many values are idiosyncratic (dependent on the individual)

One significant burial was a 15 year old girl who was buried with a coat made of seashells

70% of food for the Ju Hoansi is gathered by women

Combining different types of medicine

The Huron were located in

Believing that one's own culture is superior

The basis of all culture change

Which was NOT a reason for Huron warfare?

Everyone participates in culture, it is egalitarian, must be transmitted from one person to the next

The ghost of a German doctor who died in 1917

Greater population and density, socially stratified, usually agricultural, composed of 2+ tribes, centralized power

Maladaptive traits are traits or conditions that help an organism meets its basic needs and help it reproduce

Which is NOT an attribute of culture?

Burials differed based on profession

95% of human existence was spent at this level, band sociopolitical type, egalitarian

Small backyard garden farming with simple hand held tools, usually slash and burn, no mechanization, no surplus

A manifest function is the reason a group says they do something (ex. taking ayahuasca for spiritual visions)

4 types of burial mounds -- royalty, warriors, priestly, and commoners

The primary enemy of the Huron was the Ojibwa

The way a particular people view their own behavior (insider's perspective)

What did the large Huron settlements look like?

Culture is acquired, taught by other people, NOT biological

More than one kin group, organized into clans, egalitarian, based in horticulture or pastoralism

What was the attitude for pre-marital sex and public affection among the Huron? (pick 2)

Hunter-Gatherers believed in animism

A wholly new technology or knowledge, becoming aware of preexisting phenomena (a type of innovation)

Evaluating cultural practices in context (looking at it from the group's POV)

Satisfying soul desires was important bc it was believed that you would get sick or die if your wish was not granted

Lines found on arm and leg bones that show signs of stunted growth from malnourishment

Culture is always changing; speed of change is different between vertical and horizontal transmission

Which is NOT a type of adaptation?

The study of human language

Which group was mistreated by English and Australian settlers because of their core values?

Examining all perspectives to explain human phenomena

Mechanized way of farming, includes surplus and storage, massive exapnsion of land's carrying capacity

Who founded spiritism?

Latent function -- why a trait becomes common in a community (ex. the harmine in ayahuasca killing parasites)

A mixture of the Christian moral code with reincarnation and belief in contact with spirits of the dead

The study of the human skeleton