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Earth & Space Chapter 1 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Earth & Space Chapter 1 Review
Earth & Space Chapter 1 Review
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1
What is the compound of nitrogen and hydrogen that is created by nitrogen-fixing bacteria and decaying animals?
potash
phosphate
nitrate
ammonia
2
In a hypothetical proposition, what is the "then" statement called?
consequent
statement
antecedent
3
What term refers to the three basic soil substances plants need to live?
Primary Plant Food Elements
Important Plant Nutrients
Basic Elements for Botany
Necessary Compounds for Plants
4
What term describes the following sentence, "If I study enough, I will pass my test."
inductive reasoning
post hoc fallacy
hypothetical proposition
all of the above
5
What term means nourishing substance.
nutrients
vitamins
nectar
food
6
What is the process of speculating about objects or events and formulating a sensible explanation?
experimenting
hypothesizing
sciencing
observing
7
What is reasoning from specific evidence to a more general conclusion?
inductive reasoning
deductive reasoning
reasonable reasoning
intuitive reasoning
8
What step of the engineering design process needs to be done before choosing a design and making a detailed plan?
improve the design
analyzing the prototype
research and development
building and testing a prototype
9
What term is used when incorrectly believing an action always causes what happens next?
ad hominem fallacy
circular reasoning fallacy
post hoc fallacy
false dichotomy fallacy
10
What form of inductive reasoning involves comparing two situations when one factor is different between groups?
method of difference
method of reasoning
experimental reasoning
differential reasoning
11
What is a layer of either porous rock or gravel-soil mixture that holds water?
water table
aquifer
aquafina
artesian well
12
What is anything that provides a partial representation of something else?
model
echocardiograph
prototype
hologram
13
What soil layer contains more mineral material than organic material?
subsoil
topsoil
bedrock
clay horizon
14
What is the ultimate purpose of inductive reasoning?
to make predictions
to develop conclusions
to determine cause and effect
to identify differences
15
What is the top 5 - 15 cm of soil called?
Topsoil
bedrock
subsoil
horizon
16
What term means a substance composed of only one type of atom?
element
compound
density
molecule
17
What is the upper surface of groundwater?
top water
artesian well
water table
aquifer
18
What do chemists use to express the degree of acidity or basicity?
Acid-base scale
pH scale
Mercalli scale
Richter scale
19
What is the term for "water below the soil's surface"?
subsoil
aquifer
water table
groundwater
20
Which of the following elements is necessary for cell division, growth, and plant maturation?
potassium
oxygen
phosphorus
nitrogen
21
What is a conclusion based on reasoning from evidence?
hypothesis
inference
deduction
theory
22
What are the minimum characteristics a design needs to function?
prototype
constraint
criteria
prerequisites
23
What is the term for the amount of matter in an object?
volume
weight
mass
density
24
Which of the three main components of the scientific method involves gathering data in an orderly way?
hypothesizing
experimenting
theorizing
observing
25
What is a statement of fact that can be used to make a conclusion?
hypothesis
antecedent
consequent
proposition
26
What number on the pH scale means the substance is basic?
5
8
6
7
27
What term is applied to bedrock and means water cannot pass through?
super-solid
impermeable
impervious
saturated
28
What is the use of science to solve practical problems?
pedology
technology
anthropology
ecology
29
What is a model of design used for testing?
diorama
prototype
criteria
model
30
What do pedologists use to provide standard names and descriptions of color for soil?
pH scale
Pedologist Color Wheel
Home Depot paint chips
Munsell chart
31
Which of the following element contributes most to a plant's general health?
nitrogen
phosphorus
helium
potassium
32
What type of bacteria converts nitrates back into atmospheric nitrogen?
denitrifying bacteria
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
nitrifying bacteria
nitroatmospheric bacteria
33
What term means atoms linked together in a group?
compound
molecule
atom
element
34
What type of soil allows the most air and water into itself?
dirty
silty
clayey
sandy
35
What soil material has the most tightly packed particles?
humus
clay
sand
soil
36
What do logicians call a statement of fact?
law
theory
inference
proposition
37
What term means how tightly packed matter is?
compound
density
volume
mass
38
What is the term for a substance containing two or more types of atoms bonded together?
compound
atoms
molecule
phosphate
39
What is the study of matter?
biology
matterology
science
astronomy
40
What is the upward movement of water through a tiny space in response to surface tension?
osmosis
diffusion
capillarity
straw action
41
What is the ability of a hypothesis to be proven false?
falsifiability
falsification
disapproval
proveability
42
What factor is changed when testing a hypothesis?
controlled variable
experimental variable
dependent variable
independent variable
43
What is the substance of the physical world?
elements
science
energy
matter
44
Which of the following affects soil color?
size of pore spaces in soil
degree of acidity or basicity
amount of primary plant food elements
amount of organic material
45
What are factors that remain the same in an experiment?
dependent variables
controlled variables
experimental variables
independent variables
46
What type of reasoning is used to make a hypothesis?
inductive reasoning
intuitive reasoning
reasonable reasoning
deductive reasoning
47
In what type of soil do plants grow best?
neutral
it doesn't affect plants
neutral to slightly basic
neutral to slightly acidic
48
What term means explaining an object or event by using a set of facts?
hypothesis
theory
law
deduction
49
What is the term for soil material derived from living organisms?
mineral material
decayed material
fertilizer material
organic material
50
If you were to re-do one of your experiments trying to keep factors as similar as possible, your experiment has what?
repeatability
reflectability
reproducibility
remainability