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02 Cells + 04 Genetics + 01 Biology Basics Flashcards | StudBud
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02 Cells + 04 Genetics + 01 Biology Basics
02 Cells + 04 Genetics + 01 Biology Basics
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1
Which of the following terms represent the smallest part of an element that still has the properties of that element?
matter
cell
atom
molecule
2
If available, the body will always digest which macromolecule for energy first?
carbohydrates
lipids
enzymes
proteins
3
List the phases of mitosis in order.
metaphase, anaphase, prophase, telophase
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
metaphase, prophase, anaphase, telophase
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, cytokinesis
4
Which specific type of transport would be used when transporting water?
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
endocytosis
diffusion
5
What is the corresponding tRNA anticodon to the mRNA molecule that contains the base sequence A - A - U
T-T-A
U-U-A
A-A-U
G-G-T
6
Which one(s) do NOT have a nucleus.
Both
neither
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
7
What are the two purposes of the cell cycle?
growth and repair
reproduction and growth
none of theabove
release and synthesis
8
Substances known to produce or promote cancer are called
cyclins
Carcinogens
kinases
Malignancies
9
_______ is a polymer of a protein.
DNA and RNA
fats, oils, steroids
polysaccharide
polypeptide
10
_______ is a polymer of a carbohydrate.
DNA and RNA
polypeptide
fats, oils, steroids
polysaccharide
11
By the end of prophase, all of the following has occurred EXCEPT
Centrioles and spindle fibers have appeared
Chromosomes have lined up in the middle
The nuclear membrane has broken down
DNA has become more tightly coiled
12
A set of 3 nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid.
codon
amino acid
gene
chromosome
13
A ________________ is the bond that holds bases together in the DNA structure.
strong hydrogen bond
strong covalent bond
weak peptide bond
weak hydrogen bond
14
Moves particles against the concentration gradient from areas of lower concentration to higher concentration.
Active Transport
Neither
Passive Transport
Both
15
What is the cell theory?
all of the above
all living things are made of cells
all cells come from pre-existing cells
cells are the basic unit of life
16
A portion of DNA that is condensed and rod like.
nucleotide
gene
chromosome
codon
17
Which organelle makes proteins.
golgi appatatus
cilia
ribososmes
nucleus
18
Which organelle is critical for cell division?
vacuoles
centrioles
vesicles
cilia
19
Moves particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
passive transport
neither
both
active transport
20
When placed in water, oil does not dissolve and stays separate. This means oil is_____ & ______.
hydrophobic and nonpolar
hydrophilic and polar
hydrophilic and nonpolar
hydrophobic and polar
21
What must be considered when designing a solution for a problem with technology?
cost
time
all of the above
materials
22
In a hypothesis the ____ variable is what is being tested, while the ____ variable is the one being measured in response
independent; dependent
dependent; independent
control; dependent
independent; control
23
_______ is an example of a carbohydrate.
genetic material
long term energy to store
muscle contractions, transport, enzymes...
quick energy to burn
24
The macromolecules that make up the majority of the cell membrane's structure are ______.
proteins
carbohydrates
enzymes
lipids
25
If a cell has 8 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each of its daughter cells have after mitosis?
4
6
16
8
26
In a hypotonic solution, water will move ____ the cell, causing the cell to ____.
into; shrivel
into; swell
out of; shrivel
out of; swell
27
Which organelle controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell.
flagella
cell membrane
mitochondria
lysosome
28
What is the monomer that makes up proteins?
nucleotide
gene
chromosome
amino acids
29
A portion of a chromosome that codes for a single protein.
codon
amino acid
nucleotide
gene
30
Which specific type of transport would be used when a white blood cell captures bacteria?
diffusion
osmosis
endocytosis
facilitated diffusion
31
During protein synthesis, what does mRNA do?
it delivers DNA's instructions for making proteins to the ribososme
it constructs proteins out of amino acids
it strings together two complementary RNA strands
it delivers amino acids to assemble the polypeptide
32
In the DNA molecule, the base thymine is complementary to the base
phosphate
adenine
uracil
deoxyribose
33
Substances that dislike water are considered ____ and substances that like water are ______.
hydrophilic; polar
hydrophilic; hydrophobic
hydrophobic; hydrophilic
hydrophobic; nonpolar
34
_______ is a polymer of a lipid.
DNA and RNA
fats, oils, steroids
polysaccharide
polypeptide
35
Which of the following serves as the cell’s boundary from its environment and controls what goes in and out of the cell?
golgi apparatus
mitochondria
cell membrane
chloroplast
36
Which organelle protects DNA.
golgi apparatus
nucleus
ribososmes
cilia
37
What is the monomer that makes up nucleic acids?
chromosome
amino acid
gene
nucleotide
38
Life can exist under frozen surfaces in polar seas because.....
water is a terrific solvent
water has a high specific heat
water is less dense as a solid
water has a high surface tension
39
_______ is a polymer of a nucleic acid.
fats, oils, steroids
amino acids
polysaccharide
DNA and RNA
40
Which macromolecule will your body never break down for energy.
protein
carbohydrate
nucleic acids
lipid
41
One difference between a cancer cell and a normal cell is that
Cancer cells cannot make copies of DNA
Cancer cells divide uncontrollably
Normal cells divide uncontrollably
Normal cells cannot make copies of DNA
42
How many amino acids are coded for by the following strand of mRNA? A U G U A C
3
2
1
4
43
_______ is an example of a nucleic acid.
genetic material
long term energy to store
muscle contractions, transport, enzymes...
quick energy to burn
44
The macromolecules that would most likely be involved in contracting muscles would be ____.
proteins
enzymes
lipids
carbohydrates
45
Which organelle produces energy in the form of ATP.
Lysosomes
Flagella
Mitochondria
Cell membrane
46
Which plant cell organelle uses light energy to produce sugar?
chloroplast
ribosome
mitochondria
nucleus
47
The molecule copied directly from DNA is
mRNA
Amino acid
tRNA
rRNA
48
The sequence of ____ in a DNA molecule determines the protein that will be produced.
proteins
sugars
lipids
nucleotides
49
In humans, where does DNA replication take place?
vacuole
ribososme
cytoplasm
nucleus
50
Which of the following is true of malignant tumors?
They contain cells that stay clustered together.
They can cause tumors in other parts of the body.
They are easily removed through surgery.
They do not require treatment.
51
Which of the following is found in a eukaryotic cell, but is not found in a prokaryotic cell?
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
flagella
52
_______ is an example of a lipid.
long term energy to store
muscle contractions, transport, enzymes...
quick energy to burn
genetic material
53
Which of the following best describes an isotonic solution?
concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane
less solute outside the cell than inside
more solute outside the cell than inside
None of these answers
54
Which organelle modifies and packages proteins
golgi apparatus
ribosomes
nucleus
cilia
55
Organize the parts of this body system in the CORRECT order according to the levels of organization in a human.
human >nervous system > neurons > nerve tissue > brain
human> nervous system > brain > nerve tissue > neurons
human > neurons > brain > nervous system > nerve tissue
human > brain >nervous system > nerve tissue > neurons
56
What is an example of a molecule produced by translation
polypeptide
glucose
glycogen
fatty acid
57
What type of cellular transport requires a cell to use energy?
Active transport
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
58
Which level of heirarchy is represented by a group of tissues working together to perform a complex function?
organ
organism
tissue
cell