All of the following are comparisons with the arts (history and arts) except ______________

Both involve primary and secondary sources

What do stoics believe about the good life?

that we should accept things that are out of our control

What is the categorical imperative?

before acting you imagine a world in which everyone acts

Utilitarian theory stresses _________________

the greatest good for the greatest number

As a tool memory is reliable ____________

when it is shared but interviews are conducted in isolation

All of the following are true about traditional societies except _______________

They generally made poor problem-solvers

All of the following are problems with methods of anthropologists except _________________.

Researchers rarely have any insight into the culture.

Ethical objectivists are all of the following except _______________

those who believe they are dependent on culture

What is historiography?

An analysis of the competing arguments by diverse historians

All of the following is true about history as an AOK except _______________

Because of interpretation every opinion has merit

When considering motivation, a historian must do all of the following except __________________

not focus on the universality of what it is to be human

Neokeynsian economics is _______________

A belief that government can play a role in economics.

What is the Human Development Index?

Measurement of the happiness of a nation.

What is moral hazard?

Corporations and governments aren't responsible for risk

All of these are problems with the methods of the human sciences except ___________

you can't repeat experiments with humans

Why is it that statistics don't matter when debating someone about politics?

We gravitate to emotion and narrative not facts.

Generally speaking, broad historical patterns suggest

rapid technological change from enlightenment period on

All of these are problems/ limitations within History as an AOK except ______

Primary sources can't be trusted

The problems with the categories used by historians is that __________

Historians then will find what they are looking to find

All of the following is true about primary sources except _____________

Primary sources are better than secondary sources

All of the following is true about History as an AOK except _____________

Historical account was inevitable

It is how we behave, how we think about right and wrong

All of the following are important to anthropologists except _____________.

ensuring that the culture remains static

Existentialists believe in all of the following except ___________________________.

that people are determined by their genetic makeup

What is recursion to the mean?

Notion that data skews to the average

How are the methods of historians different than methods used in science?

In history can't isolate for variables or repeat experiments

All of the following are issues for historians with respect to cause and effect except ________

Cause is a product of the human mind, only evident after

What does the term rent-seeking imply?

That government or corporations skim money from individuals

Ethnography is _______________________________

A profile of a particular society at a particular society

It is important to improve our understanding of history for all of these reasons except _______

So we can undo the legacy of imperialists (make changes)

Postmodernists reject the idea that

there is one moral code that is better than the others

Validity in an experiment measures

whether the test measures what it intends to measure

Economics is ___________________.

the study of the allocation of scarce resources

What do nihilists believe (with respect to morality)?

They believe that morality is relative.

Events or values that stray widely from the average (harmful

The following are all problems of studying the distant past except ____________________

The evidence is overwhelming, what do you include/exclude?

Matt Ridley argues that ____________________

Great historical figures get far too much credit for success

Logotherapy is all of the following except ________________________.

cognitive behavioural psychology

studbud

TOK Review of Ethics, History, Human Sciences

55 termsStudBud Administration74 plays

Theory of Knowledge review of ethics, history, human sciences

Flashcards55 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 55

Answers

1
All of the following are comparisons with the arts (history and arts) except ______________
With both interpretation plays a central role
They are both concerned with the truth
Both involve primary and secondary sources
With both the imagination plays a role (access to thoughts)
2
What do stoics believe about the good life?
that we should find our path in God's will
that we ultimately have free will
that we should find our salvation in pleasurable acts
that we should accept things that are out of our control
3
What is the categorical imperative?
you should treat people as means to an end
a light-hearted approach to morality
a relative law of morality
before acting you imagine a world in which everyone acts
4
Utilitarian theory stresses _________________
the values of the moral patient
the greatest good for the greatest number
the intentions of the moral agent
the importance of minority rights
5
Richard Rorty believes that when thinking about morality you should begin with _____________
loyalty to God
loyalty to family
loyalty to nation
loyalty to yourself
6
As a tool memory is reliable ____________
it is never in fact reliable
when it is collective and reinforced by mutual remembrance
when it is shared but interviews are conducted in isolation
when it is personal (one person)
7
Who emphasized that harmony is realized when people realize their proper role in society?
Jesus
Buddha
Martin Luther King Junior
Confucius
8
All of the following are attributes of hedgehogs except _____________
they consider one or two great problems
make for boring pundits on tv
they are certain
reluctant to change opinion
9
All of the following are true about traditional societies except _______________
They are violent
There is no singular way they care for seniors or kids
They generally made poor problem-solvers
They usually have healthy diets
10
Divine Command Theory is __________________.
descriptivism
utilitarianism
anti-authoritarianism
prescriptivism
11
The metaphor of progressives is (lakoff)_____________
nurturant parent
bleeding heart
strict father
Free spender
12
All of the following are problems with methods of anthropologists except _________________.
The act of observance changes that observed.
Researchers rarely have any insight into the culture.
The researcher interferes with the culture of the people.
They ask leading questions.
13
In human sciences knowledge claims usually apply to _________________
All people
A small subsection of the population
Many people or some people
To a very few
14
Nonlinear power-law like events are damaging for all of these reasons except _____________
they are easily predictable
they are non-binary
empirical data is useless
the effect is far greater than the probability of occurence
15
Ethical objectivists are all of the following except _______________
those who believe values are handed down by God
those who believe they are dependent on culture
those who believe values are a product of nature
those who believe they are a product of reason
16
What is historiography?
Inferences from a wide array of sources
the study of history
An analysis of the competing arguments by diverse historians
the bibliography particular to the historical sciences
17
For Rorty morality is linked closely to which way of knowing?
reason
imagination
intuition
emotion
18
All of the following is true about history as an AOK except _______________
there are real-life implications to what is accepted
In some societies the history has a mythological essence
Because of interpretation every opinion has merit
Historians approach the task with a theoretical perspective
19
Virtue ethics is ________________________
concerned with the intentions of the moral agent
solely concerned with consequences
absolute moral law
concerned with character
20
When considering motivation, a historian must do all of the following except __________________
use imagination to disinter thoughts of historical figure
not focus on the universality of what it is to be human
consider the social and political norms of the period
put aside her own beliefs during analysis
21
In Baysian reasoning _________________ are given consideration
statistical probabilities
personal information
prior probabilities
power laws
22
Neokeynsian economics is _______________
A belief that government can play a role in economics.
Is the study of micro economies
A belief in free unfettered markets
The macro study of economies
23
What is the Human Development Index?
Measurement of the happiness of a nation.
Measurement of real wages in a society
A tool of growth that is taking off in Europe and the States
A replacement of the Consumer Price Index.
24
People's moral standard are a result of all of the above, except _________
influence of theory
influence of peers
influence of teachers
influence of media
25
What is moral hazard?
Notion that companies get profits at expense of environment
It is a look at the lack of morality with corporate world
Corporations and governments aren't responsible for risk
Notion that companies take advantage of labour
26
All of these are problems with the methods of the human sciences except ___________
it is humans studying humans
ethical implications are rarely considered
you can't repeat experiments with humans
there is complexity in human sciences that isn't understood
27
Why is it that statistics don't matter when debating someone about politics?
Within human sciences it is hard to get a hold of good stats
Statistics and hard data are incomprehensible to common man
The framing of stats properly involve visual aids.
We gravitate to emotion and narrative not facts.
28
Generally speaking, broad historical patterns suggest
that man has evolved more rapidly in last few centuries
rapid technological change from enlightenment period on
progress in institutions over centuries from democracy on
over time (50 000 years to now) people's lives are better
29
All of these are problems/ limitations within History as an AOK except ______
Generally historical account is Eurocentric (winners take)
Disagreement among historians with different perspectives
Primary sources can't be trusted
We tend to make narratives (even when none exist)
30
The problems with the categories used by historians is that __________
Humans across eons share nothing in common
everything in history has an evolutionary explanation
gender and class and trade and barter aren't universal
Historians then will find what they are looking to find
31
All of the following is true about primary sources except _____________
there are few sources before the agricultural revolution
Primary sources are better than secondary sources
historians place the source in context of what they know
Some primary sources have value, others not as much
32
All of the following is true about History as an AOK except _____________
Historical account is under constant revision
History is cyclical (boom and bust, continuity and change)
Historical account was inevitable
Anomalies can and do change historical record (land on moon)
33
What is morality?
It is the theory of how to behave
It is completely relative
It is contingent on what an authority says
It is how we behave, how we think about right and wrong
34
All of the following are important to anthropologists except _____________.
ensuring that the culture remains static
gender relations
symbolism
kinship arrangements
35
Existentialists believe in all of the following except ___________________________.
that people should take responsibility for their choices
that people are free
that existence precedes essence
that people are determined by their genetic makeup
36
What is recursion to the mean?
when data has no meaning whatsoever
the notion that data is usually beyond average
Notion that data skews to the average
that data has recursive properties
37
How are the methods of historians different than methods used in science?
History is dependent on shared knowledge unlike sciences
Historians largely depend on inference unlike scientists.
Historical record is static whereas science is provisional.
In history can't isolate for variables or repeat experiments
38
All of the following are issues for historians with respect to cause and effect except ________
Cause is hidden, especially with complexity
it is never clear with complexity how far back you should go
Cause is a product of the human mind, only evident after
there is not one isolated cause that can be attributed
39
What does the term rent-seeking imply?
That people seek places to rent, not to own.
That corporations are interested in short-term profits.
That government or corporations skim money from individuals
That corporations don't pay fair share of tax
40
Ethnography is _______________________________
the history of culture
A profile of a particular society at a particular society
looking at how geography shapes culture
is the study of ethnicities
41
The main difference between the methods of the human sciences and natural sciences is _________
In the natural sciences tests are repeatable.
in the human sciences you can't get a representative sample
In the human sciences conclusions are never generalizable.
People lie.
42
It is important to improve our understanding of history for all of these reasons except _______
To reconcile past wrongdoings (residential schools for ex.)
To understand marginal societies and repressed minorities
to better understand the age we live in
So we can undo the legacy of imperialists (make changes)
43
Postmodernists reject the idea that
there is one moral code that is better than the others
people can make up their own minds about their moral code
culture plays any role in the establishment of moral codes
there are any moral codes at all
44
Validity in an experiment measures
whether the test measures what it intends to measure
whether the results hold up over time
whether the results can be generalized to population
whether the test can be repeated by a different person
45
Economics is ___________________.
the study of the allocation of scarce resources
the study of the intersection of business and the government
the study of the role of private capital in economies
the study of the economy
46
Another way of framing enlightened self interest is _______________________
utilitarianism
the social contract
the categorical imperative
spiritual awareness
47
What do nihilists believe (with respect to morality)?
They believe that making moral choices is impossible
They believe that morality is relative.
They believe in freedom, that we determine our own morality
They emphasize the secular over the religious
48
What is a fat tail?
Events or values that stray widely from the average (harmful
the common evidence found in a Gaussian curve
an event with very few or long-lasting consequences
a largely innocuous event
49
The following are all problems of studying the distant past except ____________________
Historical record (papers, wooden buildings) has decomposed
People in past societies had completely foreign p.o.v.s
The record exists for upper classes (wealthy) but not masses
The evidence is overwhelming, what do you include/exclude?
50
Matt Ridley argues that ____________________
tiny historical forces rarely explain much in history
Achievement is usually the result of singular brilliance
Great historical figures get far too much credit for success
The Great Man theory of history explains much
51
Logotherapy is all of the following except ________________________.
the ideas of Victor Frankl
about enduring suffering
about finding meaning in your life
cognitive behavioural psychology
52
The methods of human scientists most resembles the method of ___________
historians
mathematicians
scientists
members of the arts
53
Which group believes that there are universal moral laws not contingent on culture or time?
ethical relativists
humanists
Ethical absolutists
Logical positivists
54
Discoveries in the human sciences ______________________.
are guided by theories and models
Are largely contingent on the time and place of the study
are never generalizable to entire population
are unique to the specific test
55
All of the following are human sciences except ___________________
economics
anthropology
psychology
geography

TOK Review of Ethics, History, Human Sciences Flashcards | StudBud