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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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1
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
proactive interference
relearning effect
leading questions
brain injury
2
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
3
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
free association
gestalt therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
4
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
James-Lange theory
opponent process theory
Schachter two-factor theory
social facilitation theory
5
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
EQ test
aptitude test
achievement test
IQ test
6
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
7
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
variable interval
continuous
fixed variable
fixed ratio
8
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
traits, the environment, and behavior
id, ego, and superego
9
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
obsessive-compulsive disorder
schizophrenia
antisocial personality disorder
dissociative identity disorder
10
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
motor development
parenting style
assimilation
attachment
11
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
frequency theory
gate-control theory
transduction theory
opponent-process theory
12
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
confirmation bias
inattentional blindness
framing effects
13
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
contralateral control
effective psychological environment
neuroplasticity
hemispheric lateralization
14
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
humanistic
psychoanalytic
trait
cognitive
15
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
16
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
object permanence
conservation
universal ethical principles
attachment
17
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
proximity and similarity
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
binocular and monocular cues
top-down and bottom-up processing
18
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
autism
Alzheimer's disease
major depressive disorder
19
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they involve more research participants than other studies
20
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
size of the group
placebo effect
wearing guard uniforms
presence of an authority figure
21
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate has a lack of conservation
22
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
psychoanalytic
humanistic
biological
trait
23
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-approach
approach-avoidance
avoidance-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
24
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
discrimination
habituation
accommodation
assimilation
25
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sound localization
detecting absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
hearing high frequencies
26
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
major depressive disorder
27
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
serotonin
adrenaline
dopamine
28
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
anixety
dissociative
personality
schizophrenic
29
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
latent learning
modeling
mirror neurons
sublimation
30
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
specific changes in the brain
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
31
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
individualism
in-group bias
self-serving bias
compliance strategies
32
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
recognizing a celebrity
describing the taste of a birthday cake
33
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
activation-synthesis
dissociation
tolerance
antagonists
34
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
35
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
performing a task and receiving food
punishment and aversion
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
36
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
representative assignment
random sampling
assignment to conditions
random assignment
37
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
write with a pencil
cut with a knife
say a sentence
clap their hands
38
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
observational learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
instrumental learning
39
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
achieving physiological homeostasis
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
40
Which is most closely associated with creativity
functional fixedness
contextual intelligence
hypothesis testing
divergent thinking
41
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
daily activities
sleep cycles
circadian rhythm
personalities
42
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
be able to take another person's perspective
have been exposed to good, moral role models
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
believe in God
43
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
secondary central dispositions
factor analysis
unconditional positive regard
defense mechanisms
44
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
social learning theory
latent learning
the law of effect
the overjustification effect
45
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
language acquisition device
linguistic relativity hypothesis
phonemes and morphemes
serial position effect
46
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
procedural memory
eidetic memory
47
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
48
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
behavioral
social
dispositional
situational
49
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
major depressive disorder
bipolar disorder
50
light enters the eye through an opening in the
retina
blind spot
fovea
iris
51
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
biological
psychodynamic
humanistic
evolutionary
52
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the reconstructive nature of memory
the rate at which people forget information
the serial position effect
the role of the hippocampus in memory
53
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
secure attachment with parents
myelination of brain neurons
early gross motor practice
concrete operational exercises
54
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
split-half reliability
55
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
social roles
social facilitation
disinhibition
56
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
57
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
50
84
68
95
58
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
phoneme
grapheme
morpheme
holobase
59
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
sleep spindles
beta waves
alpha waves
delta waves
60
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
behavior shaping
token economy
law of effect
higher-order conditioning
61
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
multiple intelligences
aptitude intelligence
fluid intelligence
crystallized intelligence
62
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
touch
sight
hearing
balance
63
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
trait theory
psychodynamic theory
social cognitive theroy
biological theory
64
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
rational emotive behavior therapy
systematic desensitization
65
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
endocrine system
serotonin system
sympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
66
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
unfulfilled needs
neurochemical imbalances
67
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
inappropriate or flat affect
substance abuse and dependence
disconnection from reality and delusions
68
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
feature detectors
optic chiasm
optic nerve
fovea
69
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
physical contact between dendrites
hormones jump from one axon to the next
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
70
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
counterconditioning
observational learning
latent learning
insight learning
71
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
an external locus of control
unconditional positive regard
72
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
recall
retroactive memory
episodic memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
73
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
behavioral
cognitive
74
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
75
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
median
range
standard deviation
mean
76
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
outliers
modes
normally distributed
77
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
talking to a patient
cognitive-behavioral interventions
secondary preventions
biomedical interventions
78
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that primates can make and use tools
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
the importance of physical contact to development
that language is a uniquely human skill
79
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
80
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
just world bias
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
Barnum effect
81
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reward : punishment
ignore : adaptation
assimilate : accomodate
reduce : stereotypes
82
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
standard deviation
median
mean
83
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
long-term potentiation
semantic encoding
proactive interference
state-dependent memory
84
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
eat a meal
go for a run
pursue a romantic interest
make new friends
85
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Carl Rogers
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
William James
86
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
a mental set
divergent thinking
belief perseverance
low experiential intelligence
87
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
fundamental attribution error
out-group homogeneity
self-fulfilling prophecy
reciprocity norm
88
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
sublimation
reaction formation
displacement
projection
89
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
secondary
continuous
partial
primary
90
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
sleep apnea and night terrors
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
heightened manifest dream content
91
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
convergence
linear perspective
retinal disparity
closure
92
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
stepping
Babinski
Moro
rooting
93
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
medulla oblongata
hippocampus
prefrontal cortex
corpus callosum
94
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
cognitive
psychodynamic
evolutionary
humanistic
95
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
hypothalamus
pons
96
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
difference threshold
sensory adaptation
frequency theory
absolute threshold
97
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
low self-esteem
an extraverted personality
a strong superego
high self-efficacy
98
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
functional fixedness
inferiority complexes
archetypes
repressed memories
99
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
unconditioned response
spontaneous recovery
100
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
cognitive dissonance
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
self-serving bias
101
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
a theory
hindsight bias
overconfidence
self-serving bias
102
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
103
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
need for achievement
extrinsic motivation
primary drives
intrinsic motivation
104
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
late 40s
puberty
mid 30s
early 20s
105
the limbic system plays an important role in
processing sensory information
planning for the future
maintaining balance
regulating emotion
106
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
naturalistic observation
correlation study
experiment
case study
107
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
internal
fundamental
situational
external
108
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
109
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
rods
optic nerve
cornea
110
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a mean that is the same as the median
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a probability of chance less than 5%
a standard deviation of 4 or more
111
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
speaking aloud
understanding what was said to her
moving her left hand
solving a logic problem
112
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
bipolar disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
dissociative identity disorder
panic disorder
113
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
James-Lange
theory Y
postconventional
approach-avoidance
114
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
risk of psychological harm
lack of informed consent
violation of confidentiality
lack of debriefing
115
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
diffusion of responsibility
superordinate goals
group polarization
deindividuation
116
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
longitudinal study
social-cognitive study
developmental study
cross-sectional study
117
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
SSRIs
benzodiazepines
L-Dopa
lithium
118
which structure is part of the inner ear
auditory canal
tympanic membrane
malleus (hammer)
basilar membrane
119
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are located in the center of the retina
respond more quickly to colors
120
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Gage's area
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
121
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
bottom up processing
difference threshold
122
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
manifest content and latent content
role theory and dissociation theory
conscious level and non conscious level
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
123
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
token economies
systematic desensitization
client-centered therapy
REBT
124
What is the purpose of the DSM
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
125
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
counterbalancing
double blind study
126
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
anal stage
oral stage
phallic stage
latency period
127
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
PET
MRI
EEG
128
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
counterbalancing
descriptive statistics
inferential statistics
standard deviation
129
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
stereotyping
out-group homogeneity
scapegoating
superordinate goals
130
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
construct validity
aptitude measures
test-retest reliability
standardization
131
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
132
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
groupthink
group polarization
deindividuation
133
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
social psychology
positive psychology
psychometrics
health psychology
134
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
trait
psychoanalyst
humanist
social-cognitive
135
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
positive punishment
positive reinforcement
modeling
negative reinforcement
136
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
137
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
nonessential subjects like art and music
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
environmental factors that influence intelligence
138
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
transduction of the wave
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
frequency of the wave
139
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
140
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his research wasn't representative of the population
141
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
myelin
synaptic cleft
neurotransmiters
terminal button
142
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
amygdala
medulla
hypothalamus
cerebellum
143
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
medulla
sensory cortex
144
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
environment
culture
temperament
family
145
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
at what age can children reason abstractly
146
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
sight
touch
hearing
smell
147
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
slightly above average
well below the average of 200
148
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
triarchic
standardized
achievement
149
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
fixed intervals; variable ratios
schedules; punishers
learned responses; physiological reactions
150
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
a desk and/or table
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
four legs and a seat
pens, pencils, and a computer
151
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
principle of continuity
gender schema theory
the social role hypothesis
linguistic relativity hypothesis
152
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
secondary drives and needs
unconscious conflicts
parenting styles
genetics and nutrition
153
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
fetal alcohol syndrome
Down syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
mental retardation
154
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
structuralist
behavioral
pharmacological
cognitive
155
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
psychiatrist
clinical psychologist
156
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : increase
add : decrease
remove : decrease
remove : punish
157
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
hormones released in the womb
parenting style
masculine/feminine personality traits
traumatic childhood experiences
158
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Yerkes-Dodson law
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
159
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
mere-exposure effect
central route persuasion
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
deindividuation
160
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
increasing group polarization within different groups
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
responding to deindividuation among group members
161
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
sociocultural psychologist
cognitive psychologist
clinical psychologist
personality psychologist
162
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
sensory memory
procedural memory
short-term memory
long-term memory
163
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
conscientiousness
extraversion
neuroticism
openness