AP I M2: Chemistry

B/c of the sharing of pairs of electrons (1 electron from each of 2 atoms), covalent are stronger than ionic bonds.

What is the science that studies composition, properties, and reactions of substances?

Water exhibits cohesion, the tendency of molecules of the same substance to cling to each other.

Nearly 70% of an adult’s body weight is water. Gender & Age may also play a factor.

If the valence shell is full, the atom is stable. If the valence shell is not full the atom is________?

An important characteristic of solutions is that they are homogeneous which means?

Each particle has a mass of 1amu(atomic mass unit)

Metabolism incles the breakdown of molecules (catabolism) or formation of new molecules (anabolism).

The atomic mass number is?

The structure of the atom is represented by THE BOHR PLANETARY & ELECTRON CLOUD MODELS.

They consist of long chains of monosaccharides and includes starch (3,000 glucose monomers), glycogen and cellulose.

What are the 3 types of lipids?

are the simplest carbohydrates. The 3 of primary importance are glucose, fructose, and galactose. All are C6H12O6

This bond share electrons in a mutually stabilizing relationship: the electrons move back and forth b/w the elements.

Ions & Carbohydates are ________ and all lipids(fat) are ________.

Carbon is the backbone of the chain& it can be straight, branching chain, or a ring structure.

In ______(condensation reaction) one reactant gives up an atom of hydrogen & another reactant gives up a _____ group.

Acids are Sour; Bases are Bitter

Are UNIQUE substances that cannot be CREATED OR BROKEN into simpler substances by REGULAR CHEMICAL BONDS?

In dehydration a H2O molecule is released a by product.

__________ is a layer of electrons that encircle the nucleus at a distinct energy level.

Electrolytes are important in _________, as well as ______________ such as muscle & nerve function.

An ion that has more protons is:

An ion that has more electrons is:

Is a natural acid-base indicator extracted from a type of lichen

An anion that has accepted two electrons has a net charge of?

Select the functions of lipids

The atomic number is?

The substance on which the enzyme acts is called ___________.

Large organic compounds are called macromolecules (aka polymers) formed of a single repeating subunit called a _______.

Matter can be ________(bones), __________(blood), or __________(CO2)

Salts are formed when ions from ionic bonds. When dissolved in water.

Lipids are polymers composed of monomers called fatty acids.They are nonpolar molecules&as such are insoluble in water

In______ an added molecule of water disrupts a compound breaking its bond. H2O splits into H and OH.

Which of the following is NOT an example of basic ?

Is one type of the different forms of an element,and is distinguished from one another by the number of_______ ?

Chemical bonding properties are determined by the ______ & arrangement of _______.

Each element has a unique number of protons, and can exist has different isotopes.

Bonded atoms of the same element is known as a

An atom consist of a _____that has a positively charged ____(p+) & neutrally charged ____(n0) that represents most of

Which of the following are functions of carbohydrates?

Which of the following are examples of chemical buffers?

Ionic, Covalent, & Hydrogen chemical bonds are important in human physiology(homeostasis, signaling, energy production)

Bonded atoms of different elements is called a

When the sharing of the negative electrons is equal & covalently bonded molecules are electrically balanced.

When an atom is reactive due to a valence shell not being full it will?

Blood(7.4) has a pH between 7.35-7.45, and is extracellular fluid. Intercellular fluid has a pH of 7.

The outermost energy level is known as:

Organic molecules ALWAYS contain carbon (C) and Hydrongen(H)

Is an ongoing, attraction between ions of opposite charge.

Which of the following is NOT an example of acidic?

A pair of monosaccharides & include sucrose (glucose/fructose), lactose (glucose /galactose) & maltose(glucose+glucose)

____________ is anything that has substance(mass) and takes up space(volume).

Amino acids are joined by peptide (covalent) bonds.

Enzymes act as catalysts for metabolic reactions

Blue litmus paper turns________ when a solution is acidic. Red litmus paper turns________ blue in basic solutions.

Chemical bonding properties depend on the behavior of?

______is the sum of all of the chemical reactions in the body

__________ buffers bing H+ and transport H+ to an exit(kidney/lung)

Colloids & Suspension are two examples of liquid mixtures.

Organic Chemistry depends on the properties of Carbon.

When the sharing of electrons is unequal, the molecule contains regions that have opposite electrical charges

bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom.

consists of substances that are physically blended but not chemically combined

A solution consist of a solute that dissolves the substance known as a solvent.

The octet rule "8 is great" occurs by either accepting or donating elections to fill the shell up to 8 electrons.

is a substance that does not contain both carbon and hydrogen

The SMALLEST part of a ELEMENT that still has its properties& gives the element its unique PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL propert

Hydrophillic is water-fearing & Hydrophobic is water-loving.

Metabolic reactions use ATP as a source of activation energy &nonprotein molecules called cofactors that help enzymes

Electrolytes conduct electricity due to the presense of ions. Acids, Bases, Salts are all electrolytes.

Which of the following is NOT an important function of water

A cation that has donated two electrons has a net charge of?

Atoms are ___________ neutral , therefore an atom will have an equal number of ________ & __________.

Is an atom tha has acquired an electrical charge by either losing or gaining electrons.

Polar molecules readily dissolves ionic compounds while nonpolar molecules does not.

An atom that have more than one electron to donate or accept will end up with stronger postive or negative charges.

a polymer made of a unique combination of monomers called amino acids &is 1 of the most versatile molecules in the body

The lowest first energy level is closest to the nucleus. The Higher energy levels are farther(1-45shells in human body)

_______ buffers including the respiratory and urinary systems contribute to acid-base balance

Which of the following is not one of the 4 carbohydrates?

Carbon has 4 valence electrons, so it can form stable covalent bonds with other atoms such as:

Acids _______ H+ into solutions(proton donors). Bases______ H+ or release hydroxyl ions (OH-).