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Plate Tectonics & Earthquake Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Plate Tectonics & Earthquake Review
Plate Tectonics & Earthquake Review
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Answers
1
In order to locate the epicenter of an earthquake, you need a minimum of how many seismographs?
2
4
1
3
2
The name given by Wegener to the supercontinent that existed before the current continents.
Panamerica
Atlantis
Euroamerica
Pangaea
3
This is broken into several huge pieces called plates.
lithosphere
asthenosphere
mantle
continents
4
Name the type plate boundary that you see in the picture.
divergent
transform
convergent
None of these
5
Which of the following causes earthquakes?
release of heat
Richter scale
elastic rebound
frictional heating
6
Alfred Wegener
hypothesis of seafloor spreading
suggested convection currents drive plate motion
theory of continental drift
found fossils in Antarctica
7
Moment Magnitude
based on observations at different locations
None of the above
based on the height of the largest seismic wave
based on amount of displacement along a fault
8
Name the type plate boundary that you see in the picture.
None of these
transform
divergent
convergent
9
The Moho is ____.
boundary between the crust and the mantle
the boundary between the outer and inner core
an area of the mantle that will not transmit seismic waves
the material of which the mantle is composed
10
Name the type plate boundary that you see in the picture.
None of these
convergent
divergent
transform
11
The Hawaiian Islands were formed when the Pacific Plate moved over ____.
the Aleutian Plate
a hot spot
an ocean ridge
a subduction zone
12
The hypothesis that explains the release of energy during an earthquake is called the ____.
Richter hypothesis
vibration hypothesis
moment magnitude hypothesis
elastic rebound hypothesis
13
when will the first P wave be received, if an earthquake is 1800 km from the seismic station?
6.6 minutes after the earthquake
3.5 minutes after the earthquake
10.5 minutes after the earthquake
5.5 minutes after the earthquake
14
Identify the correct order of Earth’s layers according to the figure.
1 out core 2 in core 3 mantle 4 asthenosphere 5 lithosphere
1 lithos, 2 astheno, 3 mantle, 4 outer core, 5 inner core
1 in core 2 out core 3 mantle, 4 asthenosphere 5 lithosphere
1 lithosphere 2 mantle 3 asthenosphere 4 out core 5 in core
15
What is the distance between first S wave arrives 4.0 minutes after the first P wave?
1500 kilometers
3000 kilometers
2000 kilometers
2500 kilometers
16
Convection currents in the Earth’s _________________________ drive plate motion.
mantle
lithosphere
outer core
asthenosphere
17
In the plate tectonics theory, the lithosphere is divided into ____.
50 major plates and many smaller plates
100 major plates
many small plates, but no large plates
7 major plates and many smaller plates
18
What instrument records earthquake waves?
seismogram
Richter scale
barometer
seismograph
19
The epicenter of an earthquake is
the amount of displacement along a fault
break in the lithosphere
located above the focus
the earthquakes origin in the earth
20
Most of the information about Earth’s interior was obtained by studying ____.
meteorites
rocks in deep wells
earthquake waves
rocks of the ocean crust
21
An example of a divergent plate boundary on continental lithosphere would be ____.
the Andes Mountains
the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
East Pacific Rise
the East African Rift Valley
22
A ______________ is a valley that forms the deepest parts of Earth’s ocean at subduction zones.
sea floor spreading
mantle
trench
mid-ocean ridge
23
A divergent boundary at two oceanic plates can result in a ____.
volcanic island arc
continental volcanic arc
subduction zone
rift valley
24
What feature is labeled B in Figure 9-1?
ocean ridge
volcanic island arc
continental volcanic arc
trench
25
Major earthquakes are sometimes preceded by smaller earthquakes called ____.
aftershocks
focus shocks
foreshocks
surface waves
26
The epicenter would closest to letter
A
B
C
D
27
What hypothesis states that the continents were once joined to form a single supercontinent?
seafloor spreading
paleomagnetism
continental drift
plate tectonics
28
Evidence about ancient climates indicates that ____.
Land in the S. Hemisphere were once centered over S. Pole
glacial ice covered much of what is now India and Australia
Land in the N. Hemisphere were once centered over S. Pole
no continents occupied the Southern Hemisphere
29
The geographic distribution of the swimming reptile
Mesosaurus
provides evidence that ____.
the Atlantic Ocean was wider than it is now
Europe was covered by a shallow sea when Mesosaurus lived
South America and Africa were once joined
a land bridge existed between Australia and India
30
What was one of the main objections to the hypothesis of continental drift?
There was not enough evidence
no one knew how the plates were moving
the fossil evidence was made up
Mantle plumes were not yet discovered
31
A fault is ____.
Surface where structures move during an earthquake
a fracture in the Earth where movement has occurred
another name for an earthquake
a place on Earth where earthquakes cannot occur
32
Why do earthquakes often cause damaging fires?
Earthquake can break gas, water, and electrical lines.
Magma from deep underground escapes through faults.
Lightning strikes are common during earthquakes.
Tsunamis generate enough heat to start fires.
33
The focus of the earthquake would be located at letter ____?
C
D
A
B
34
Mountain systems, such as the Himalayas, are the result of which type of convergence?
oceanic-continental
oceanic-oceanic
all the above
continental-continental
35
The process of _____, new ocean floor forms along Earth’s mid-ocean ridges and moves outward.
continental drift
mid-ocean ridge
Sea-floor spreading
lithosphere
36
What process is illustrated by the area labeled G in Figure 9-1?
continental volcanism
subduction
seafloor spreading
rifting
37
Name the type plate boundary that you see in the picture.
divergent
None of these
transform
convergent
38
The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 occurred along what fault?
the San Francisco fault
the California fault
the Pacific fault
the San Andreas fault
39
This earthquake hazard occurs when an earthquake in the ocean displaces water.
tsunami
liquefaction
tidal wave
landslide
40
Earth’s core is made of an alloy of ____.
zinc and magnesium
iron and nickel
copper and iron
iron and zinc
41
Earthquakes are usually associated with ____.
the east coast of North America
large cities
faults
violent weather
42
Which seismic waves travel most rapidly?
surface waves
S waves
P waves
tsunamis
43
Which is NOT a common feature of a convergent plate boundary?
volcanoes
trenches
mid-ocean ridges
mountain ranges
44
What layer of Earth is labeled C in Figure 9-1?
oceanic crust
continental lithosphere
continental crust
asthenosphere
45
What type of plate boundary is illustrated in Figure 9-1?
convergent oceanic-oceanic boundary
transform fault boundary
divergent boundary
convergent oceanic-continental boundary
46
This is a small tremor (shaking) that may happen after an earthquake.
foreshock
small-quake
forewave
aftershock
47
Which of the following is a geographic example of a transform fault boundary?
the East African Rift valley
the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
the San Andreas Fault
the Andes Mountains
48
New ocean crust is formed at ____.
transform fault boundaries
continental volcanic arcs
convergent boundaries
divergent boundaries
49
What are the main pieces of evidence that supported the hypothesis of continental drift?
Oceanic crust is more dense than continental crust
Fossil evidence that spanned multiple land masses
The shapes of the continents fit together like a puzzle
Mountain ranges match up across continents
50
A building that settles unevenly after an earthquake is evidence of ____.
fault creep
a tsunami
liquefaction
an underwater landslide
