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AP Psychology Unit 0: Research Methods 2024 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psychology Unit 0: Research Methods 2024
AP Psychology Unit 0: Research Methods 2024
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1
Researchers collected the data below. Which of the following psychological concept is the focus of the research?
The influence of psychoactive drugs on intelligence.
The role of cultural bias on intelligence testing.
The interaction of nature vs nurture.
The role of the brain in personal success.
2
Regression toward the mean...
occurs when a larger sample set moves data closer to the mean
is displayed as a positively skewed graph
shows a positive correlation
involves the reduction of the mean
3
What type of correlation is demonstrated by the scatterplot?
Negative
Upward
Positive
No Correlation
4
What is the mode of the following distribution of scores: 9, 3, 1, 1, 2, 7, 5, 3, 0, 3
9
2
1
3
5
Bimodal distributions...
mean = median
has two very common data values (peaks) seen in a dot plot or histogram
may be skewed to the right of to the left
are always symmetric
6
What is Confirmation Bias?
bias after accepting a position at an employer
looking for sources that support your opinions
checking to be sure something has bias
bias that has been proven
7
A single-blind study is when...
The participant does not know which group they are in.
The IV is withheld from the control group.
A group is studied for many years over the course of their lives.
Neither participants nor researchers know who is in which group.
8
The placebo effect
happens when a real response occurs for a fake treatment
is eliminated with blinding
is when experiment participants get no benefit.
is eliminated with double blinding
9
Random assignment is a method for controlling differences between what?
the dependent and independent variable
empirical data and subjective data
nature vs. nurture
experimental and control group
10
A p-value of
p<0.05
means that:
The results are due to chance
The data is significant
The data is not significant
The results are due to the IV
11
Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship?
0.54
-0.25
-0.82
0.73
12
You are going to investigate how alcohol affects aggression. The # of drinks is called:
the dependent variable
the confounding variable
the extraneous variable
the independent variable
13
If a correlation is STRONGLY positive, it indicates causation.
True
False
14
Which relationship indicates the weakest?
0.23
-0.96
0.57
-0.88
15
Which method provides a snapshot of everyday life without controlling variables?
Scatterplot
Naturalistic Observation
Experiment
Correlation coefficient
16
Cory scored high on his math and engineering test. His scores show a _________ correlation
negative
perfect
positive
skewed
17
What does a theory offer a psychologist?
Ideas that organize what can be observed
A clear definition of the events taking place
An organized view of the matter from the scientific approach
Ideas that allow for easy explanation
18
Fill in the blank: The I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon is otherwise known as ________.
Illusory Correlation
Overconfidence
Hindsight Bias
Presumptions Tendencies
19
Meta-analysis is:
Combining the findings from many similar studies
Surveying people from all around the globe
Combining descriptive and experimental research tactics
Analyzing more than 1,000 subjects
20
What % of data must fall within one standard deviation from the mean?
50%
33%
68%
95%
21
All the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study is known as what?
The Control Group
The Population
The Experimental Group
The Participants
22
The APA ethics code
provides specific rules to follow.
is a general guideline for psychologists.
provides principles for research only.
lists all violations for psychologists to avoid.
23
Operational definitions
are what the researcher changes in an experiment
define variables and allow for study replication
force researchers to rely on introspection
allow a study to be statistically significant
24
What type of descriptive research focuses on one participant?
survey
correlation
case study
naturalistic observation
25
What is an Illusory Correlation?
A distortion on the graph
Our tendency to perceive non-existent correlations.
A positive correlation between two variables
An error in the graph caused by a sampling bias
26
What is the trend in this set of data?
No correlation
Strong negative correlation
Weak positive correlation
Weak negative correlation
27
Which of the following is not a form of descriptive research?
case study
standard deviation
naturalistic observation
survey
28
Which type of research investigates cause and effect?
inferential statistics
correlational
experimental
descriptive research
29
Inferential statistics
are used to describe relationships between variables.
are used to test relationships between two variables.
always have an probability of .05
are used test hypotheses.
30
Low Standard Deviation
The data is farther from the mean
The data is closer to the mean
31
Which of the following summarizes a longitudinal study?
Research over long period of time; uses the same population
Research over a long period of time; uses entire generation
Research over lifetime; needs new population every 10 years
Research done in a little over a month; uses children
32
Social Desirability Bias
Respondant does not use bias when completing a survey.
Give socially approved answers on a survey.
Believe that are people are inherently good.
Responses are unrelated to the content of the question.
33
Why is it called a double blind procedure?
Neither patient nor staff understand what is taking place
The staff is unaware of what variable the patient receives
both patient & staff are ignorant to the patients group
The patient is blindfolded before given the variable
34
Which statistical technique determines how close your data falls within the mean?
range
p-value
correlational coefficient
standard deviation
35
What is the difference between a cross-sectional study and a cross-sequential study?
A cross sequential study only studies one group and cross sectional is many
A cross sequential study often contains a certain social group
A cross sequential is a longer study than cross sectional
A cross sectional study is longer than a cross sequential study
36
To study the effects of lighting on mood. In this study the dependent variable is
mood
can't be determined
lighting
students
37
The higher the room temperature, the lower the student performance would be an example of:
Independent correlation
Positive correlation
Negative correlation
Zero correlation
38
Quasi-experiments...
...are conducted in highly controlled conditions in a lab.
...allow comparisons between pre-existing groups; no random assignment
...allow cause-effect inferences.
...allow random sampling of participants.
39
Fill in the blank: To achieve a representative sample of the population, one would use _____.
Random Sampling
Random Assignment
40
Psychologists prefer the experimental method because
experiments can show cause and effect relationships.
it is easier to obtain a random sample.
double-blind designs are unnecessary.
experiments are more likely to support psychologists' hypthesis.
41
What is the Hawthorne effect?
Participants change their behavior when they know they are being observed
The participants are more likely to finish the study if they are paid
The assessors behave differently if they know the participants
The ratio of drop-outs increase with the duration of the study
42
Effect size
the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by
a flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample
a measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables
an early school of thought promoted by Freud
43
Emma scored a 100% on the test, while everyone else failed. If we were to graph the distribution, it would be
positively skewed
negatively skewed
symmetrical
normal distribution
44
After the experiment, the staff debriefs the participants. What does debriefing mean?
An explanation of the study, its purpose, and deceptions
It means that they are being released from the experiment
It means the experiment is over
Must inform participants prior to the experiment
45
What percent of data should fall within two standard deviations of the mean?
99.7%
95%
97%
68%
