What is NOT true regarding culture

Cultural anthropology: Study of contemporary animal cultures

Humans are considered to have which traits?

Obligatory Bipeds,Highly Encephalized Small Bones/Teeth

Globalization does NOT

Contributes to the increase in poverty in ALL places

divided the world into 2 spheres

requires significant planning, time, money, and effort

illustrate or predict how a situation may unfold or turn out

What is true about Industrial/Informatic Societies

Large scale industrialization led to inventions electricity

We experienced extreme environmental variability during evolution=highly adaptable phenotype

Variability selection hypothesis

What is our Order, Family, Genus, and Species?

Primates, Hominidae, Homo sapiens

What is the theory of mind?

Humans can empathize w/each other&understand different views

Biological anthropology is the study of

evolution&contemporary human biological&behavioral variation

What is the social brain hypothesis?

Human Intelligence evolved to be in large groups

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Human Diversity Final

189 termsStudBud Administration156 plays

An overview of all the material from slideshows and material we have gone over #ANT100 #CSU #HUMANDIVERSITY

Flashcards189 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 189

Answers

1
What is anthropology NOT
field-based
holistic
studied in a lab
comparative
2
Scale is the measure or ordering of entities with respect to quantitative attributes
false
true
3
Exchange of cultural features through firsthand contact
Diffusion
Acculturation
4
Sickle Cell is a genetic adaptation resulting from close proximity to areas with
Influenza
Malaria
Chicken Pox
Tuberculosis
5
What key term is the same as “Jack of all trades, masters of none”?
Behavioral Plasticity
Cultural Adaptation
Genetic Plasticity
Phenotypic Plasticity
6
Society with economically interdependent ethnic groups
Multiculturalism
Plural societies
Cultural assimilation
7
genetic variation
Cultural flexibility
Biological flexibility
8
Encompasses all forces, as the world becomes increasingly interlinked&mutually dependent
Independent Intervention
Diffusion
Acculturation
Globalization
9
is the conception, qualities, beliefs, and expressions that make a person or group
transitional identities
Identity
cultural shock
Identity crises
10
prejudice + power =
ism
culture
wicked problem
11
similar cultural adaptations&environmental conditions by people with similar ancestor cultures
Convergent Cultural Evolution
Parallel Cultural Evolution
12
What is NOT true regarding culture
Cultural anthropology: Study of contemporary animal cultures
Makes the strange familiar, and the familiar strange
Culture is constructed and maintained
13
Humans are considered to have which traits?
Body Flexibility,Large Brains,Small hand/feet to body ratio
Small Bones/ Teeth, Quadraped, Loud Mating Calls
Obligatory Bipeds,Highly Encephalized Small Bones/Teeth
Strong sense of smell and sensitive hearing
14
Globalization does NOT
driving the increase in obesity worldwide
Contributes to the increase in poverty in ALL places
contributes to movement&emergence of new pathogens in world
contributes to processes like urbanization&modernization,etc
15
What is false about agriculture
Less intense than horticulture
Leads to division of labor and development of specialists
Grow surplus crops-- may be traded& sold as taxes or rent
Reduces quality and variety of diet
16
Sociopolitical identities that focus on perception of shared culture, language, or race
antiglobalization
neoliberalism
identity politics
globalization
17
Moving to lowlands to give birth is an example of what type of adaptation
developmental
cultural
physiological
genetic
18
Culture shapes how we eat, drink, sleep, and eliminate
False
True
19
The Cold War did not
Was when the USA&USSR accuse the other of being imperialist
shape how nations interacted based on competing ideologies
make capitalist markets the dominant force in world system
divided the world into 2 spheres
20
a problem that influences a considerable number of the individuals within a given society
deviance
social issue
wicked problem
21
field-based
illustrate or predict how a situation may unfold or turn out
view the interconnected relationships of the many facets
change over time
requires significant planning, time, money, and effort
22
Comparative
requires significant planning, time, money, and efforts
illustrate or predict how a situation may unfold or turn out
view the interconnected relationships of the many facets
change over time
23
What is true about Industrial/Informatic Societies
Large scale industrialization led to inventions electricity
Invention of boats brought about the industrial revolution
Invention of the car brought about the industrial revolution
Small-scale industrialization led to inventions using H2O
24
What is another word for genetic adaptation
developmental
evolutionary
cultural
behavioral
25
Structures made of protein and DNA that are located in the nucleus of a cell
Gene
Allele
Sex cells
Chromosomes
26
What is NOT a type of anthropology
biological
linguistic
applied
cultural
27
We experienced extreme environmental variability during evolution=highly adaptable phenotype
Variability selection hypothesis
plasticity
environmental stressors
the Ice Age
28
Which is NOT one of the 4 forces of evolution
Genetic Drift
Gene Flow
Mutation
Survival od the fittest
29
Control of finances shifted from the government to the private sector
Neoliberalism
Capitalist market
Antiglobalization
Globalization
30
Any condition which disturbs the normal functioning of an organism
Homeostasis
Environmental Stressors
Phenotype
Plasticity
31
thinking another culture is ‘better’ than your culture
Moral Relativism
Ethnocentrism
Cultural Relativism
32
Line of descent.
Race
Ancestry
Ethnicity
33
Which is NOT a DNA nitrogenous base
Thymine
Adenine
Uracil
Guanine
34
What did Tony Allison remove from the blood to detect sickle cell?
Carbon Dioxide
Nothing
Oxygen
Plasma
35
affinity groups-groups linked by a common interests, purpose, status and/or experiences
true
false
36
What is true about food-foraging societies
Highly immotile
Large group size
Food sharing
No communal property
37
Marriage where several men and women have sexual access to one another.
Polygamy
Group marriage
Monogamy
Fictive marriage
38
Short term and reversible adaptation
Physiological
Genetic
Developmental
Cultural
39
What is our Order, Family, Genus, and Species?
Sirenia, Trichechidae, Trichechus Manatus
Primates, Hominidae, Homo sapiens
Carnivora, Canidae, Canis lupis
Hominidae, Primate, Homo sapiens
40
What is the theory of mind?
Humans can create alternative realities where others live
Humans can deceive and lie to others
Humans can empathize w/each other&understand different views
Humans can use magic to attack eachother’s mind
41
Cultures in contact share direct or indirect movement of traits between groups
Diffusion
Independent intervention
Globalization
Acculturation
42
___search for genes &hormones that determine behaviors such as homicide, alcoholism, &stress
Individual agency
Biological determinists
Structuralism
Cultural constructionism
43
similar cultural adaptation& environment conditions by diff.people w/diff. ancestral cultures
Parallel Cultural Evolution
Convergent Cultural Evolution
44
the social organization of a society that constitutes an integrated whole
levels of analysis
Social structure
Scale
45
Cultures in contact share direct or indirect movement of traits between groups
Acculturation
Diffusion
46
What was the name of one of the first Australopithecus Afarensis to be found?
Lucy
Lacy
Maggie
Ardi
47
How long ago did Modern humans originate?
1.5MYA
200 KYA
100 KYA
900 KYA
48
Biological anthropology is the study of
contemporary people and their cultures
human cultures through recovery&analysis of material remains
language and communication, mainly among humans
evolution&contemporary human biological&behavioral variation
49
What is the social brain hypothesis?
Human Intelligence evolved to be in large groups
Humans can see animals hiding in bushes
Humans evolved to adopt smaller animals found to be ‘cute’
Humans can solve complex puzzles
50
Exchange of cultural features through firsthand contact
Globalization
Acculturation
Independent invention
Diffusion
51
Cultural features are NOT fundamental in a society’s way of making its living
False
True
52
a person takes something with cultural sig. from another culture for their own, without respect
cultural appropration
cultural appreciation
53
Sickle Cell causes red blood cells to be shaped like
Star
Rods
Full Moon
Crescent
54
Which is NOT a match
Mutation=Can be spontaneous or induced
Natural selection=Can be spontaneous or induced
Gene Flow=Transfer of genes from 1 population to another
Genetic Drift=random event, more pronounced in smaller pops.
55
¨Policies and practices that harm a group and its members (actions)."
Discrimination
Stereotypes
Prejudice
56
What is the Thermoregulatory Model?
Standing can facilitate seeing predators at longer distances
Minimizes exposure to the sun, and allows heat to dissipate
All life started on the Savannah desert
Bipedalism freed up the hands to allow for tool use
57
Position that is earned or chosen based on talents, actions, accomplishments, etc.
Achieved Status
Ascribed Status
58
What does it mean to be Encephalized?
Large brain for body size
Large body for large brain
Large body for small brain
Small brain for body size
59
What is the savannah Hypothesis?
All life started on the Savannah desert
Minimizes exposure to the sun, and allows heat to dissipate
Bipedalism freed up the hands to allow for tool use
Standing can facilitate seeing predators at longer distances
60
Act as switches to turn protein-coding genes on and off
Regulatory genes
Phenotype
Genotype
DNA
61
Anthropology has been called the “handmaiden of Imperialism” because of
its role documenting cultures in the colonies of European empires
62
Oxygen starvation caused by a decrease in barometric pressure as altitude increases.
Thermopoxia
Carbopoxia
Metapoxia
Hypoxia
63
People are part of the dominant national culture,also maintain cultural-ethnic traditions.
Multiculturalism
Plural societies
¨Cultural assimilation
64
Who are the modern Melanesians related to?
Denisovan
Erectus
Neaderthal
Sapien
65
Ability of the body to maintain the constancy of its internal environment
Environmental Stressors
Phenotype
Plasticity
Homeostasis
66
Changes in gene frequencies
inheritance
macroevolution
microevolution
DNA
67
What is not a match
Monogamy:Both partners have one spouse.
Polygamy: One individual has multiple spouses at one time
Polygyny: Marriage of one woman to multiple men.
Polyandry: Marriage of one woman to multiple men.
68
Normative is what is considered normal or correct
False
True
69
avoidance of expressions/actions perceived to insult groups who are socially disadvantaged
Political Correctness
Cultural appropriation
Cultural appreciation
70
Absorption of minorities into a dominant culture.
Cultural assimilation
Plural societies
Multiculturalism.
71
Not all traits are adaptations
False
True
72
What are the 3 levels of analysis in order (smallest to largest)
Meso, micro, macro
Micro, Meso, Macro
Macro, meso, micro
Macro,micro, meso
73
Social/cultural group=assumed to have a bio. basis in shared genes/traits&dont overlap w/others
Race
Ancestry
Ethnicity
74
•Increased chest size is an example of what kind of adaptation
physiological
genetic
developmental
cultural
75
How much non African DNA is shared between Homo Sapien and Homo Neanderthals?
.05-1%
3-6%
5-9%
1-4%
76
People,ideas&goods spread throughout=more interaction&integration b/w world cultures and gov
Globalization
Colonialism
Nationalism
77
Majority groups is a culturally, ethnically, or racially distinct group that
fills the role of the socially& institutionally dominant
coexists w/a dominant group,lacks social&institutional power
78
Humans are able to adjust biologically&behaviorally to different environments
Variable selection hypothesis
environmental stressors
homeostasis
plasticity
79
What allowed states to spread nationalist ideology at home and abroad through propaganda?
Education
None of the above
Both
Mass media
80
Agricultural Revolution did not
Negative health effects- evidence of iron deficiency anemia
Allowed for larger populations
Begin around 30,000 years ago
Contributed to diversification in occupations
81
What is the final step in the slash and burn cultivation?
crops are planted among the ashes
the ashes are used as "war paint"
natural vegetation is cut
slash is burned
82
Second World
the Capitalist societies (North America, Europe…)
the Communist societies (Soviet Union, China…)
former colonies and “undeveloped” nations
83
Multiculturalism which views subcultural groups as lateral
False
True
84
discomfort when new information causes internalized beliefs and bias to be challenged
cognitive dissonance
Culture shock
identity crisis
85
disorientation experienced by people who are suddenly exposed to an unfamiliar culture
Identity crisis
Culture Shock
86
What is NOT true about diet and human growth
David Seckler proposed ‘small but healthy’ hypothesis
Evidence shows that 'small but healthy’ is not always true
Diet is a key component of human growth
Undernutrition can impact immune function
87
Cultural anthropology is the study of
language and communication, mainly among humans
human cultures through recovery&analysis of material remains
evolution&contemporary human biological&behavioral variation
contemporary people and their cultures
88
Holistic
change over time
requires significant planning, time, money,& effort
view the interconnected relationships of the many facets.
illustrate/ predict how a situation may unfold/ turn out
89
Did humans stop evolving after our species originated in africa?
No
Yes
90
Periods of major adaptive change are often followed by long periods of stability
True
False
91
Lactase persistence is an example of gene culture coevolution
true
false
92
What was found at the Blombos Cave, South Africa?
Mass grave
Knives and animal bones that were carved
Female Burial ceremony of a male body
Palette&pain brush w/geometric carvings &shells with craving
93
Prejudice is Fixed ideas about what members of a group are like.
True
Fasle
94
Linguistic is the study of
human cultures through recovery&analysis of material remains
contemporary people and their cultures
language and communication, mainly among humans
evolution&contemporary human biological&behavioral variation
95
Most common form of marriage, in terms of population
Monogamy
Polygamy
Polygyny
Polyandry
96
What is a correct match
G.drift=changes in sequence of nitrogenous bases in genome
Gene flow= Movement of genes between populations
Natural Selection= Movement of genes between populations
Mutation= Random changes in gene frequencies over time
97
use of economic, political,cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries
Liberalism
Colonialism
Neoliberalism
Neocolonialism
98
Where was Homo Habilis Found?
Ethiopia, Africa
Ashdod, Israel
Zhoukoudian, China
Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania in East Africa
99
Result from the action of a single gene at a single locus on a chromosome
Pleiotropic traits
Complex traits
Polygenic traits
Discrete traits
100
DNA is NOT
provides genetic code and means to translate code
a self-replicating molecule
a double helix
contain the nitrogenous base uracil
101
Multiple versions of a gene that code for slightly different proteins
Chromosome
DNA
Protein
Alleles
102
Nationalities are: "Ethnic groups that have, once had, or want their own country"
True
False
103
Innovation and creativity
independent Intervention
Globalization
Diffusion
Acculturation
104
Tibetans have been high altitude residents for thousands of years, what adaptation is this
Genetic
Behavioral
Developmental
Physiological
105
Archeology is the study of
contemporary people and their cultures
human cultures through recovery&analysis of material remains
evolution&contemporary human biological&behavioral variation
language and communication, mainly among humans
106
Lactase persistence causes production of an enzyme that causes an inability to digest lactose
False
True
107
seek to escape war and poverty
refugee
transitional citizen
displaced person
108
third world
former colonies and “undeveloped” nations
the Capitalist societies (North America, Europe…)¤
the Communist societies (Soviet Union, China…)
109
Globalization is new
False
True
110
Phenotype is
Controlled by many different genes at two or more loci
Inherited genetic make-up of an organism
Genotype-Environment
Observable characteristics or traits
111
What is not a characteristic of agricultural societies?
¨Fixed settlements¨
High division of labor
Small populations
Social stratification
112
Structures that are beyond individual control impact how people think and behave
Biological determinists
Cultural constructionism
Individual Agency
Structuralism
113
Establish social status
Group marriage
Polygamy
monogamy
Fictive marriage
114
Who were the first to use fire?
Australopithecus Afarensis
Homo Sapien
Homo Erectus
Homo Neanderthalensis
115
From the 16th-18th Centuries, the dominant world system was:
globalism
racism
nationalism
mercantilism
116
Who caused immigration laws to develop as ways for countries to control the movement of people.
displaced person
refugee
transitional citizen
117
Anthropology is
Study of only dead people
Study of only living people
Study of humanity
Study of plants
118
People have willpower over how they think and behave
Biological determinists
Structuralism
Cultural constructionism
Individual agency
119
civil society is the collective will of citizens
True
False
120
Social status that is non-voluntary, one is born into it or assumed later in life
Achieved Status
Ascribed Status
121
What is culture NOT
Symbolic
Learned
Nonadaptive
Evolving
122
The US is a
Ramen bowl
Melting pot
Stew pot
S'more
123
What is true about adaptation
Process dead things undergo to adjust to an environment
we are no longer adapting as a society
Process living things undergo to adjust to an environment
Adaptation is a myth
124
Modern humans have existed in Africa longer than anywhere else on the globe
False
True
125
Racism disappeared after de-colonization
False
True
126
may not think of themselves as belonging to only one culture or nation-state.
Refugee
Transitional citizen
Displaced person
127
Most common form of marriage, in terms of groups
Polygamy
Polygyny
Polyandry
Monogamy
128
Maintains that human behavior and ideas are best explained by culturally shaped learning
Biological determinists
Structuralism
Cultural constructionism
Individual agency
129
Was Homo Erectus the first Primate to move out of Africa?
No
They were never in Africa
They were not a primate
Yes
130
Symbols are NOT
represent things that are not physically present
allow our brains to think metaphorically
allow our brains to think literally
an object, word, or action that represents something else
131
What is not one of the 4 reasons a wicked problem CANNOT be solved
the interconnected nature of these problems w/ other problem
the small economic burden,
the number of people and opinions involved
incomplete or contradictory knowledge,
132
A way of suspending judgment so as to better understand the POV of someone from another culture
Cultural relativism
Moral relativism
133
There are many species of mammal that can digest lactose after childhood
True
False
134
First world
the Communist societies (Soviet Union, China…)
former colonies and “undeveloped” nations
the Capitalist societies (North America, Europe…)
135
A cultural group that is based on shared behaviors, beliefs, religion, language, heritage, etc.
Race
Ancestry
Ethnicity
136
Devaluing a group because of its assumed attributes (attitudes)
Discrimination
Stereotype
Prejudice
137
variation in individual skills, knowledge, and personalities
Cultural flexibility
Biological flexibility
138
Cultural relativism is the same as moral relativism
True
False
139
Which is the correct levels of analysis
Micro-structure of social network ties b/w individuals/orgs
Macro-the structure of everyday human interactions
Meso-structure of social network ties b/w individuals/orgs
Meso-structure of everyday human interactions
140
The US is a multicultural society
False
True
141
period of uncertainty when a person's sense of identity becomes insecure
Identity crises
Culture shock
142
the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities
Culture Core
Egalitarianism
Agriculture
Motility
143
Phenotype (skin color, sex, age, body size& shape, facial features);clothing; body modification
Covert diversity
Overt diversity
144
Homo Neanderthal is associated with which phenomena?
Language, Cave Paintings, oldowan tools
Fire, Cave Paintings, and Mousterian tools
Cave burials, Fire, Cave Paintings
Mousterian tools, Cave Burial, and Language
145
The gradual acquisition of the characteristics&norms of a culture or group by a person
Cultural relativism
Enculturation
Ethnocentrism
Moral relativism
146
Long-term and irreversible adaptation
Genetic
Behavioral
Developmental
Physiological
147
Major climactic shifts in Africa occurred how many years ago
Has never occurred
60-70,000 years ago
90-100,000 years ago
40-50,000 years ago
148
Evolutionary
illustrate or predict how a situation may unfold or turn out
requires significant planning, time money, and effort
view the interconnected relationships of the many facets
change over time
149
Merging of groups and their traditions within a society that endorses a single common culture.
Pluralism
Assimilation
150
Class; religion; sexual orientation; country of origin.
Covert diversity
Overt diversity
151
How much energy does the adult brain use on average per day?
10-15% of caloric intake
50-70% of caloric intake
35-50% of caloric intake
20-25% of caloric intake
152
What is FALSE about the Aztec State?
Social order was stratified into nobles, commoners, &serfs
Foundation of society was intensive horticulture
State was controlled by an absolute monarch
Developed in the Mexican highlands in the 15th century
153
Genetics is reason for evolutionary change from one generation to the next
microevolution
inheritance
DNA
Macroevolution
154
Ethnic&racial difference should be accepted,as long as it doesnt threaten dominant culture norm
Pluralism
Assimilation
155
Human’s have smaller guts and need a higher quality diet than other primates due to:
Expensive Tissue Hypothesis
Snowball Effect
Phylogenic Relationship
Multiregional
156
What is the largest to smallest of the basic needs according to Maslow
Physiological,Safety,Love,Esteem,Self-Actualization
Self-Actualization, Esteem, Love, Safety, Physiological
Physiological,Safety,Esteem,Love,Self-Actualization
Self-Actualization, Love, Esteem, Safety, Physiological
157
Philosophical stance suggests that no one’s choices are better or worse than anyone else’s
Moral Relativism
Cultural Relativism
158
What is true about obesity
40 thousand children are overweight
Changes in our environments that affect our metabolism,
Our sleep and work patterns have no effect on obesity
it is not a problem among the poor& in the developing world
159
What is not a characteristic of pastoralism?
Easy way to live in environments that arent good for farming
Do not usually maintain permanent settlements
Maintain permanent residency
Breed&maintain large herds of domesticated grazing animals
160
ethnographies are detailed descriptions of living cultures based on what
others observations and study
personal observation and study
observing animals in a lab
reading old documents
161
What is referred to as the “Culture Vulture”?
fairs
festivals
tourism
museums
162
Assimilation&pluralism are lateral in how they view dominant culture versus subcultural groups
True
False
163
Which were the first homonins?
Homo Afarensis, Orrorin, Homo Erectus
Sahelanthropus, Orrorin, and Ardipithecus
Homo Erectus, Homo Sapien, Sahelanthropus
Ardipithecus, Homo erectus, Homo Neaderthalensis
164
Shared experiences, beliefs, customs& values of people who have grown up in the same nation
International culture
National culture
165
Phenotypic Plasticity is the ability to:
Create art
Change your weight based on crop yield
Change your clothing when you get cold
Change eye color
166
Why is cooking meat important?
Allows for more food borne illness
Pre-digestion food allows for a reduction of gut size
Allowed to humans to domesticate cats and dogs
Aroma from cooked food increases appetite
167
Privilege is not
Falling within what is deemed socially “correct”
social theory
not used in the context of social inequality
advantage granted only to a particular person(s)
168
The genus Homo uses what to adapt?
Genetic Adaptation
Biological Adaptation
Cultural Adaptation
Historical Adaptation
169
Programs,policies,&etc.that deny'='rights&opportunities to members of particular groups.
Environmental Racism
Institutional Discrimination
170
Homo Habilis is associated with which kind of tool use?
Acheulean
Heathenist
Mousterian
Oldowan
171
Ability to build upon knowledge and technologies over time
Social learning
Cumulative culture
172
Globalization includes:
Mass media
Travel and tourism
Information flows
National commerce
173
Individual learning is influenced by others, either passively or directly
Cumulative culture
Social learning
174
Which are characteristics of Primates?
Omnivore, Hibernates, stays with young for whole development
Stand up right, small brain to body size, long tail
Large canines, claws, opposable thumbs
Extended Development,nails not claws,&Steroscopic vision
175
Humans are special kind of primates because of, which of the following:
Strength to climb objects
Bipedalism& specialization of hands for object manipulation
Ability to fly
Ability to solve puzzles
176
Culture is the Same as Nature
True
False
177
Tsembaga of Papua New Guinea is an example of
Biological adaptation
Genetic adaptation
this was never discussed
Cultural adaptation
178
transnational citizens are marked by one identity and allegiance
True
False
179
A commodity is “something that can be bought&sold"
True
False
180
Concentrated on combatting the spread of neoliberal economic policies
antiglobalization
neoliberalism
globalization
identity politics
181
Which does not match
Male=XY
Female=XX
All of your somatic cells have 46 chromosomes
Genome=Total RNA sequence of an organism
182
Placement of minorities near environmentally hazardous areas,such as near toxic waste
Environmental Racism
Institutional Discrimination
183
Minority groups is a culturally, ethnically, or racially distinct group that
fills the role of the socially& institutionally dominant
coexists w/a dominant group,lacks social&institutional power
184
Why are cultures like onions
this metaphor was never used
they have various layers that fit together to make a whole
most of them smell
because professor Seamon loves the movie Shrek
185
Paleolithic diet did not include
Use of hunter-gathers
lower rates of chronic disease
eating only leaves
Increased rates of disease when moving to Westernized diets
186
Which is correct
Complex:Large size& small diversity w/materials&technology
Complex: Small in size&significant stratification
Simple: Small in size but many social divisions
Simple: Small in size but largely egalitarian
187
learning about another culture while maintaining respect and courtesy
Cultural appropriation
Cultural appreciation
188
#of people that the available resources can support at a given level of food-getting techniques
Carrying capacity
Cultural Core
189
What is the carrying Model?
Bipedalism freed up the hands to allow for tool use
Standing can facilitate seeing predators at longer distances
All animals carry things with either their mouth or hands
Minimizes exposure to the sun, and allows heat to dissipate

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