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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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1
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
superordinate goals
stereotyping
out-group homogeneity
scapegoating
2
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
environmental factors that influence intelligence
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
3
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
role theory and dissociation theory
manifest content and latent content
conscious level and non conscious level
4
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
tolerance
dissociation
antagonists
activation-synthesis
5
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
classical conditioning
observational learning
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
6
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : decrease
remove : increase
add : decrease
remove : punish
7
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
mental retardation
fetal alcohol syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
Down syndrome
8
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
9
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
size of the group
placebo effect
wearing guard uniforms
presence of an authority figure
10
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed ratio
variable interval
fixed variable
continuous
11
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
gestalt therapy
free association
electro-convulsive shock therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
12
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Gage's area
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
13
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
sympathetic nervous system
serotonin system
endocrine system
somatic nervous system
14
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
speaking aloud
understanding what was said to her
solving a logic problem
moving her left hand
15
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
social facilitation
social roles
disinhibition
16
which structure is part of the inner ear
auditory canal
basilar membrane
malleus (hammer)
tympanic membrane
17
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
long-term potentiation
semantic encoding
proactive interference
state-dependent memory
18
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that language is a uniquely human skill
the importance of physical contact to development
that primates can make and use tools
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
19
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
signal detection theory
absolute threshold
difference threshold
bottom up processing
20
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
pitch of the tone
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
amplitude of the wave
21
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
groupthink
social facilitation
group polarization
deindividuation
22
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
parenting styles
genetics and nutrition
unconscious conflicts
secondary drives and needs
23
light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
iris
retina
blind spot
24
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
25
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
holobase
phoneme
grapheme
morpheme
26
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Yerkes-Dodson law
James-Lange theory of emotion
27
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
four legs and a seat
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
a desk and/or table
pens, pencils, and a computer
28
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
diffusion of responsibility
group polarization
deindividuation
superordinate goals
29
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
terminal button
synaptic cleft
myelin
neurotransmiters
30
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
slightly above average
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
well below the average of 200
31
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
84
95
68
50
32
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
say a sentence
clap their hands
cut with a knife
write with a pencil
33
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
pharmacological
structuralist
cognitive
behavioral
34
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
modeling
positive punishment
35
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
hypothalamus
pons
36
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
hearing high frequencies
sound localization
sensory adaptation
detecting absolute threshold
37
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
lithium
SSRIs
benzodiazepines
L-Dopa
38
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
health psychology
psychometrics
social psychology
positive psychology
39
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
physical contact between dendrites
hormones jump from one axon to the next
40
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
environment
family
temperament
culture
41
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
major depressive disorder
bipolar disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
42
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
functional fixedness
archetypes
repressed memories
inferiority complexes
43
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
44
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
psychodynamic
cognitive
humanistic
evolutionary
45
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
cognitive
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
behavioral
46
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
retinal disparity
linear perspective
closure
convergence
47
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
learned associations
neurochemical imbalances
unfulfilled needs
unhealthy attributional styles
48
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
dissociative
schizophrenic
anixety
personality
49
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
proximity and similarity
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
binocular and monocular cues
top-down and bottom-up processing
50
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
low experiential intelligence
divergent thinking
a mental set
belief perseverance
51
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
compliance strategies
in-group bias
self-serving bias
individualism
52
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
stepping
Babinski
Moro
rooting
53
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
medulla
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
sensory cortex
54
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
theory Y
James-Lange
postconventional
approach-avoidance
55
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
risk of psychological harm
lack of debriefing
lack of informed consent
56
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
range
median
standard deviation
mean
57
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus
medulla oblongata
corpus callosum
58
What is the purpose of the DSM
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
59
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
avoidance-avoidance
approach-avoidance
approach-approach
she does not have a conflict
60
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
an external locus of control
unconditional positive regard
61
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
split-half reliability
test-retest reliability
predictive validity
62
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
achievement
standardized
triarchic
63
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
MRI
EEG
PET
rTMS
64
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
touch
balance
hearing
sight
65
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
external
fundamental
internal
situational
66
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
central route persuasion
deindividuation
mere-exposure effect
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
67
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
standardization
construct validity
aptitude measures
test-retest reliability
68
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
procedural memory
eidetic memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
69
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
late 40s
early 20s
mid 30s
puberty
70
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
principle of continuity
linguistic relativity hypothesis
gender schema theory
the social role hypothesis
71
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
talking to a patient
secondary preventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
biomedical interventions
72
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
alpha waves
sleep spindles
beta waves
delta waves
73
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
cross-sectional study
developmental study
longitudinal study
social-cognitive study
74
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
specific changes in the brain
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
75
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
eat a meal
pursue a romantic interest
make new friends
go for a run
76
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
high self-efficacy
an extraverted personality
a strong superego
low self-esteem
77
In people, rods, unlike cones,
respond more quickly to colors
are unable to detect motion
are located in the center of the retina
have a lower absolute threshold for light
78
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
circadian rhythm
personalities
sleep cycles
daily activities
79
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
80
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
81
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
sociocultural psychologist
clinical psychologist
personality psychologist
cognitive psychologist
82
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
EQ test
achievement test
aptitude test
IQ test
83
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
learned responses; physiological reactions
84
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
psychoanalytic
biological
humanistic
trait
85
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
86
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
dopamine
acetylcholine
adrenaline
87
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
dispositional
social
situational
behavioral
88
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
at what age can children reason abstractly
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
89
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
evolutionary
psychodynamic
humanistic
biological
90
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
double blind study
single blind study
91
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
opponent-process theory
transduction theory
frequency theory
92
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
intrinsic motivation
extrinsic motivation
primary drives
need for achievement
93
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
recall
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
episodic memory
retroactive memory
94
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
95
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
object permanence
conservation
attachment
universal ethical principles
96
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic nerve
fovea
feature detectors
optic chiasm
97
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
behavior shaping
token economy
law of effect
higher-order conditioning
98
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
99
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
disconnection from reality and delusions
inappropriate or flat affect
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
substance abuse and dependence
100
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
autism
major depressive disorder
101
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
sleep apnea and night terrors
heightened manifest dream content
102
the limbic system plays an important role in
processing sensory information
planning for the future
maintaining balance
regulating emotion
103
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
reaction formation
displacement
projection
sublimation
104
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
hearing
smell
touch
sight
105
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a probability of chance less than 5%
a mean that is the same as the median
a standard deviation of 4 or more
106
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
early gross motor practice
myelination of brain neurons
concrete operational exercises
secure attachment with parents
107
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
neuroplasticity
effective psychological environment
hemispheric lateralization
contralateral control
108
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
case study
naturalistic observation
correlation study
experiment
109
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
primary
continuous
secondary
partial
110
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
brain injury
proactive interference
leading questions
relearning effect
111
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
false consensus effect
just world bias
Barnum effect
self-serving bias
112
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
113
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
difference threshold
sensory adaptation
frequency theory
absolute threshold
114
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
major depressive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
115
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
rods
optic nerve
cornea
116
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
117
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
recognizing a celebrity
118
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
representative assignment
random sampling
random assignment
assignment to conditions
119
Which is most closely associated with creativity
divergent thinking
contextual intelligence
functional fixedness
hypothesis testing
120
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
assimilation
habituation
accommodation
discrimination
121
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
obsessive-compulsive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
antisocial personality disorder
122
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
cognitive psychotherapist
psychoanalyst
psychiatrist
clinical psychologist
123
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
124
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
psychoanalyst
humanist
trait
social-cognitive
125
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
neuroticism
conscientiousness
openness
extraversion
126
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
counterconditioning
rational emotive behavior therapy
127
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his research wasn't representative of the population
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
128
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
parenting style
motor development
attachment
assimilation
129
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
unconditional positive regard
factor analysis
secondary central dispositions
defense mechanisms
130
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
procedural memory
long-term memory
sensory memory
short-term memory
131
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
amygdala
cerebellum
hypothalamus
medulla
132
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
latent learning
counterconditioning
observational learning
insight learning
133
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
anal stage
oral stage
latency period
phallic stage
134
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
have been exposed to good, moral role models
believe in God
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
be able to take another person's perspective
135
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
performing a task and receiving food
movement and electrical shocks
nausea and food or drink
punishment and aversion
136
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
modeling
mirror neurons
sublimation
latent learning
137
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
normally distributed
outliers
variances
modes
138
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
achieving physiological homeostasis
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
139
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
traits, the environment, and behavior
id, ego, and superego
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
140
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
language acquisition device
serial position effect
phonemes and morphemes
linguistic relativity hypothesis
141
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
multiple intelligences
crystallized intelligence
aptitude intelligence
fluid intelligence
142
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
inferential statistics
standard deviation
counterbalancing
descriptive statistics
143
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
cognitive
trait
humanistic
psychoanalytic
144
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
a theory
hindsight bias
self-serving bias
overconfidence
145
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
146
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
psychodynamic theory
biological theory
social cognitive theroy
trait theory
147
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the serial position effect
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the reconstructive nature of memory
148
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-serving bias
self-fulfilling prophecy
cognitive dissonance
fundamental attribution error
149
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
masculine/feminine personality traits
parenting style
hormones released in the womb
traumatic childhood experiences
150
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
151
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
152
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
William James
Albert Bandura
153
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
social facilitation theory
Schachter two-factor theory
opponent process theory
James-Lange theory
154
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
responding to deindividuation among group members
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
increasing group polarization within different groups
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
155
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
systematic desensitization
REBT
client-centered therapy
token economies
156
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
reciprocity norm
fundamental attribution error
157
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate has a lack of conservation
158
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
159
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
median
standard deviation
range
mean
160
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
social learning theory
the law of effect
latent learning
the overjustification effect
161
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
framing effects
confirmation bias
representativeness heuristic
inattentional blindness
162
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
dissociative identity disorder
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
163
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
ignore : adaptation
reward : punishment
assimilate : accomodate
reduce : stereotypes