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Pathologies of Ovaries/Adnexa Registry Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Pathologies of Ovaries/Adnexa Registry Review
Pathologies of Ovaries/Adnexa Registry Review
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1
Risk factors in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) include all of the following except:
sexually transmitted disease.
intrauterine contraceptive device.
early sexual contact.
single sexual partner.
2
Dates by examinations performed in the 2nd tri take precedence over menstrual age when the discrepancy is greater than
15 days
7 days
5 days
10 days
3
On transabdominal imaging, an overdistended bladder may give a false impression of which one of the following?
Fetal position
Placenta previa
Fetal size
Incompetent cervix
4
The major biologic effects of ultrasound are believed to be which one of the following?
Production and collapse of gas-filled bubbles
Cavitation
All of the above
Thermal
5
Which one of the following pelvic organs is more commonly involved with metastatic disease?
Uterus
Fallopian tube
Ovaries
Bladder
6
Adherence to moral and ethical principles is called which one of the following?
Morality
Integrity
Autonomy
Veracity
7
Which one of the following statements about PID is false?
PID confers a decreased risk of ectopic pregnancy.
Patients may experience pelvic pain and have a history of infertility.
PID includes vaginal discharge with bleeding.
PID is almost always a bilateral collection of pus and fluid.
8
Sonographic findings of PID include all of the following except:
peri-ovarian inflammation.
endometriosis
salpingitis
endometritis
9
Which one of the following principles describes the right of self-determination?
Autonomy
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
Veracity
10
The normal ovary exhibits which one of the following characteristic appearances?
Homogeneous echotexture
Heterogeneous echotexture
Central hypoechoic medulla
Both a heterogeneous echotexture and a central hypoechoic medulla
11
The ethical principles that determine the timing of a routine sonographic examination are which of the following?
Autonomy and justice
Justice
Veracity
Autonomy
12
Which one of the following statements about infertility is false?
Infertility in 40% of patients is attributable to men.
Infertility in 20% of patients is attributable to either the man or woman
Infertility affects one in three couples in the United States.
Infertility is the inability to conceive within 12 mo with regular coitus
13
The partial or complete rotation of the ovarian pedicle on its axis is defined as which one of the following?
Hemorrhagic cyst
Endometrioma
Ovarian torsion
Paraovarian cyst
14
Fetal sonography with or without Doppler should be performed:
for sex determination.
on all first-trimester pregnancies
with a valid medical reason.
on all second-trimester pregnancies.
15
Simple ovarian cysts in postmenopausal women are not likely malignant when measuring less than _____ centimeters (cm).
4
5
6
3
16
A code of ethics for sonographers has been adopted by which one of the following organizations?
American Medical Association
Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography
American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonography
Joint Review Committee
17
Lack of progesterone production is known as which one of the following?
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Luteal phase deficiency
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Secondary infertility
18
An infection that involves the fallopian tube and the ovary is called which one of the following conditions?
Pyosalpinx
Salpingitis
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA)
19
Which one of the following masses is a rare but benign ovarian neoplasm most often seen in postmenopausal women?
Fibroma
Dysgerminoma
Thecoma
Granulosa
20
What describes the duty of a health care professional to protect the privacy of patient information?
Integrity
Ethics
Morality
Confidentiality
21
When is the nuchal translucency examination performed?
During the second trimester
During the first trimester
During the third trimeste
Throughout pregnancy
22
Patients who undergo assisted reproductive procedures have an increased risk factor for a(n) ________________ pregnancy.
monoamniotic and monochorionic
heterotopic
molar
anembryonic
23
Western medicine uses which one of the following principles to know what is in the clinical interest of the patient?
Primum non-nocere
Integrity
Ethics
Morality
24
Which one of the following is an infection within the uterine serosa and broad ligaments?
Myometritis
Peri-ovarian inflammation
Parametritis
PID
25
Truthfulness with respect to abilities and limitations is an example of which one of the following?
Veracity
Nonmaleficence
Justice
Integrity
26
The most accurate measurement of gestational age during the first trimester is which one of the following?
Biparietal diameter
Crown-rump length
Yolk sac diameter
Mean sac diameter
27
Which one of the following goals seeks a greater balance of clinical “goods” over clinical “harms?”
Autonomy
Fiduciary
Pain
Beneficence
28
Which one of the following is used as a substitute for luteinizing hormone (LH) to trigger ovulation?
Clomid
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Progesterone
Estradiol
29
The second trimester is between ___________ gestational weeks.
14 and 26
12 and 28
15 and 30
12 and 21
30
What syndrome demonstrates enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts, abdominal ascites, and pleural effusion?
Stein-Leventhal
Polycystic ovarian
Ovarian hyperstimulation
Fritz-Hugh-Curtis
31
Functioning endometrial tissue is present outside of the uterus in which one of the following common conditions?
Adenomyosis
Endometriosis
Hemorrhagic cyst
Endometritis
32
Which one of the following principles is served when protocols are standardized?
Justice
Beneficence
Morality
Confidentiality
33
Fetal interests in sonography are understood exclusively in terms of ________
fiduciary
autonomy
justice
beneficence
34
The abdominal circumference on a transverse view is measured at the level of all the following structures except:
umbilical vein.
fetal stomach.
portal sinus.
fetal kidneys.
35
Theca-lutein cysts are associated with high levels of which one of the following hormones?
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Progesterone
Estrogen
Luteinizing hormone
36
A dominant follicle grows at a rate of _____ to _____ millimeters per day (mm/day).
1; 1.5
1; 3
0.5; 1
1; 2
37
The differential considerations of a solid-appearing adnexal mass include all of the following except:
endometrioma
hemorrhagic cyst.
hydrosalpinx
pedunculated uterine fibroid.
38
A hyperechoic linear strand of tissue extending from one wall of the uterine cavity to the other describes?
Uterine synechiae
Adenomyosis
Normal proliferative phase
Decidua basalis
39
Inflammation of the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the viscera is which one of the following?
Retroperitonitis
Periangitis
Omentitis
Peritonitis
40
Which one of the following is the most common cause of PID?
Sexually transmitted diseases
Endometritis
Intrauterine devices
Postsurgical complications
41
What term refers to a person’s capacity to formulate, express, and carry out value-based preferences?
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
Primum non-nocere
Autonomy
42
What principle encourages sonographers to exceed the standards of protocol & seek additional pertinent images as needed?
Justice
Autonomy
Veracity
Beneficence
43
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma most frequently occurs in women over the age of _______ years.
40
50
30
20
44
Which one of the following emphasizes individual rights and autonomy?
Declaration of Helsinki
Rounded
Hippocratic Oath
Nuremberg Code
45
Which one of the following statements about ovarian torsion is false?
Ovarian torsion is usually associated with a mass.
Torsion frequently involves the ovary and the fallopian tube.
The ovary appears enlarged.
The left ovary is three times more likely to develop torsion than the right
46
A tumor that may mimic gas or feces in the pelvis is which one of the following masses?
Dermoid
Leiomyoma
Lipoma
Granulosa
47
Read the following:
Endometrioma
Ovarian torsion
A tubo-ovarian abscess
Degenerating pedunculated fibroid
48
Which one of the following is the physiologic phenomenon involving the central nervous system processing tissue damage?
Pain
Ethics
Nonmaleficence
Suffering
49
Which one of the following is a psychologic phenomenon involving blocked intentions, plans, and projects?
Addiction
Pain
Psychosis
Suffering
50
A mucinous cystadenoma is all of the following except:
unilateral
thick with irregular walls and septations.
the most common cystic tumor.
a large cystic mass with multilocular cystic spaces.
51
An adnexal mass found during early pregnancy reaching its max size by 10 weeks gestation; is which one of the following?
Follicular
Paraovarian
Theca-lutein
Corpus luteal
52
Enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts and indistinct margins describes which of the following conditions?
Tubo-ovarian complex
Peri-ovarian inflammation
Oophoritis
Para-ovarian inflammation
53
Biophysical evaluation for fetal well-being includes all of the following except:
assessment of amniotic fluid.
body and breathing movements.
muscle tone.
fetal tone.
54
What is the discipline that seeks to articulate clear and practical guidelines for conduct and character?
Justice
Morality
Autonomy
Ethics
55
Which one of the following endocrine disorders is associated with chronic anovulation?
Endometriosis
Theca-lutein cysts
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
56
Which one of the following is not an ethical issue?
Nonmedical use of sonography
Primum non-nocere
Family traditions
Nonmaleficence
57
An ovary is generally considered abnormal if its volume is _____ the size of the contralateral ovary.
one quarter
twice
one half
three times
58
Read the following:
A tubo-ovarian abscess
Endometrioma
Hemorrhagic corpus luteum cyst
Para-ovarian cyst
59
Which one of the following principles directs the sonographer not to cause harm?
Autonomy
Nonmaleficence
Nuremberg Code
Beneficence
60
The T-shaped uterus is a congenital anomaly caused by which one of the following?
In utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Exposure to radiation
Partial fusion of the müllerian ducts
Incomplete fusion of the müllerian ducts
61
Multiple gestations occur in approximately _____% of in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies.
30
15
50
75
62
Which one of the following statements about ultrasound safety is true?
The energy produced by US today is lower than that produced by earlier tech
Studies on the bioeffects of ultrasound are not definitive.
Continual research on the bioeffects of ultrasound is no longer necessary.
No potential biologic effects exist.
63
Ultrasound is able to determine all of the following except:
source of bleeding and status of fetus.
multiple gestation.
fetal presentation.
exact date of delivery.
64
Even with a known menstrual date, conception may occur from day _____ to day _____.
10; 18
6; 27
1; 15
15; 27
65
Read the following:
Theca-lutein cysts
Iliac vessels
Hydrosalpinx
Ectopic pregnancy
66
Paraovarian cysts arise from which one of the following structures?
Peritoneum
Fallopian tube
Round ligament
Broad ligament
67
Which one of the following statements about interventional pelvic sonography is true?
Decreases patient care
Lacks a safe biopsy route
Is not a valuable diagnostic tool
Decreases patient cost
68
A complex adnexal mass most likely represents which one of the following?
Pyosalpinx
Salpingitis
Hydrosalpinx
Oophoritis
69
What cysts occurs when a dominant follicle does not succeed in ovulating but remains active although immature?
Nabothian
Corpus luteum
Follicular
Paraovarian
70
Ovarian carcinoma is classified into four stages. Stage II is limited to which one of the following?
One ovary
Two ovaries
Pelvis
Broad ligament
71
Which one of the following statements about the gestational sac is false?
The earliest structure observed with the sac is the yolk sac.
The placenta is seen thickened density along part of the margin of the GS.
Blood tests should be positive 7 to 10 hours after conception.
The earliest structure may be seen with transvaginal ultrasound.
72
Early in the disease, the clinical presentation of both PID and endometriosis may mimic which one of the following?
Para-ovarian cyst
Functional bowel disease
Adenomyosis
Subserosal fibroid
73
Ovarian induction therapy requires documentation of all follicles greater than _____ mm in both SAG and TRV planes.
5
17
15
10
74
The purpose for certification in diagnostic sonography is to assure the public that the sonographer has?
Necessary skills to perform the examination
All of the above
Necessary experience to perform the examination
Necessary knowledge to perform the examination
75
An ovarian cyst greater than ____ mm could interfere with ovarian stimulation and may represent a persisten
5
10
15
8
76
Sexually transmitted PID is spread via which one of the following?
Mucosa
Fallopian tubes
Bloodstream
Serosa
77
Which one of the following statements about diffuse endometriosis is false?
It is the most common form of endometriosis.
Endometriosis leads to the disorganization of pelvic anatomy
Its appearance is similar to PID.
Endometriosis is easily diagnosed by sonography.
78
Sonographic criteria for a simple ovarian cyst include all of the following except:
acoustic enhancement.
posterior shadowing.
smooth walls.
anechoic appearance.
79
A sonographer can minimize thermal effects by which one of the following?
Placing the focus of the beam in the near field
Increasing acoustic output
Not staying in one spot
Scanning over fetal bone
80
A pelvic abscess will likely appear as which one of the following?
Complex cul-de-sac mass that distorts the pelvic anatomy
Hypoechoic cul-de-sac mass
Hypoechoic adnexal mass with a separate normal ovary
Complex ovarian mass with anechoic cul-de-sac fluid
81
What term describes the kind of person we should become and the virtues we should cultivate in doing so?
Integrity
Morality
Autonomy
Ethics
82
What principle requires the sonographer to read current medical literature to stay abreast of new developments relate
Morality
Nonmaleficence
Autonomy
Informed consent
83
During IVF the optimal placement of the embryos is considered to be within 2 cm of the apex of which of the following?
Uterine body
Cornua
Cervix
Uterine fundus
84
Which one of the following statements about polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is false?
PCOS includes early pregnancy loss.
PCOS occurs in the middle-to-late 30s.
PCOS includes hirsutism.
PCOS includes amenorrhea.
85
A normal endometrial response associated with overstimulation is an increasing thickness from 2 to 3 mm to _________ mm.
7 to 10
10 to 12
12 to 14
14 to 16
86
Complications associated with assisted reproductive technologies include all of the following except:
cervical stenosis.
ectopic pregnancy.
multiple gestations.
hyperstimulation
87
Which one of the following terms refers to honesty?
Ethics
Autonomy
Integrity
Morality
88
The differential considerations of PID may include all of the following except:
dermoid
ovarian neoplasm.
serous cystadenoma.
endometriosis
89
The triple-line sign is associated with which one of the following structures?
Endometrium
Vagina
Cervix
Uterus
90
Interval fetal growth may be determined by sonographic measurements ____to ____ weeks apart.
1, 2
2, 3
4, 5
2, 4
91
ALARA is an example of which one of the following ethical principles?
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
Justice
Veracity
92
Perihepatic inflammation ascending from a pelvic infection is called ____________ syndrome.
de Quervain’s
Stein-Leventhal
Turner’s
Fritz-Hugh-Curtis
93
Which one of the following statements about the embryo heart rate is false?
The rate is 120 to 140 bpm in the second and third trimesters.
Early in the developmental phase, the heart rate is 90 bpm.
Early in the developmental phase, the heart rate is greater than 190 bpm.
The rate may increase to 170 bpm in the middle of the first trimester.
94
The dermoid tumor is typically associated with which one of the following ultrasound signs?
String of Pearls sign
Target
Sandwich
Tip of the iceberg
95
Informed consent is a(n) ______________-based right.
morality
autonomy
nonmaleficence
beneficence
96
Which one of the following terms means matters that concern right and wrong conduct?
Morality
Integrity
Ethics
Beneficence
97
Fusion of the inflamed dilated tube and ovary is called which one of the following?
Tubo-ovarian complex
Pyosalpinx
Pelvic inflammatory disease
A tubo-ovarian abscess
98
The sonographer who provides a detailed explanation of the examination is an example of respecting the patient’s _______
beneficence
autonomy
morals
nonmaleficence
99
The most common benign tumor of the ovary is which one of the following masses?
Dermoid tumor
Mucinous cystadenoma
Endometrioma
Serous cystadenoma
100
Which one of the following statements about the amniotic fluid development is true?
The fetus gains two thirds of its weight during the first two trimesters.
In the first trimester, fluid is produced by the placenta.
The fetal kidneys begin to produce urine in the first trimester.
The fluid decreases in volume until 34 weeks’ gestation.