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Praxis 5081 practice
Praxis 5081 practice
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1
The statement can be most closely associated with which psychological theorist?
B.F. Skinner
Jean Piaget
Franz Boas
Ivan Pavlov
2
If a country imposes a tariff on imports, which of the following will occur?
The gain in producer surplus will exceed the loss in consumer surplus.
The loss in consumer surplus will exceed the gain in producer surplus.
The gain in consumer surplus will exceed the loss in producer surplus.
The loss in producer surplus will exceed the gain in consumer surplus.
3
In a perfectly competitive scenario, a firm’s marginal revenue
is equal to the market price of its product.
is greater than the market price of its product.
increases as output grows.
is less than the market price of its product.
4
What were the major catalysts for European industrialization?
Advancements of technical knowledge and the presence of capital
Protestant ethics and the spirit of capitalism
Expensive human capital and their relative disadvantage in global commerce
European scientific ingenuity and liberal market forces
5
Which of the following demonstrates a difference between democracy in Ancient Athens and modern day America?
Representatives make major national decisions and communities make others
Only citizens 18 years and older may vote.
All citizens enjoy suffrage.
Only citizens may hold office.
6
Which of the following describes an effect of the First World War on civil liberties in the United States before 1920?
Women were granted the right to vote and serve in military combat roles.
Prohibition was abolished because troops demanded the right to buy alcohol.
Immigration laws changed to admit a large numbers of refugees from Europe.
Laws on spying and sedition were expanded targeting anti-American behavior.
7
What is the functional basis for political parties in the US?
To provide an institution for political consensus in the country
To provide a platform for expressing political ideals
To organize political ideas and influence government's function
To organize fundraising and election campaigns
8
Which of the following is not a role or responsibility of the federal government?
To conduct and regulate intrastate trade
To protect the states against foreign invasion
To act as a broker between the states on disputed issues
To regulate income from taxation and trade
9
Question:Interest groups regularly engage in which of the following activities?
Nominating candidates for office
Filing amicus curiae briefs
Donating to electoral campaigns
Conducting scientific public opinion polls
10
What is opportunity cost?
A choice between two equally desirable items
The ime expended to make a choice
A goo exchanged for another
The most desirable alternative given up
11
Which of the following changes indicates long-run economic growth?
An increase in wages in response to an inflationary gap
An increase in consumption spending
An increase in the price level
An increase in long-run aggregate supply
12
Which describes the process by which bureaucrats interpret the meaning of laws and decide how they should be implemented
Adjudication
Lawmaking
Rulemaking
Lobbying
13
Based on the 11th Amendment to the constitution, the Supreme Court does not have the authority to:
Hear any suits brought against a state
Overrule decisions made by a state supreme court
Prosecute those serving in public offices
Overrule decisions made by a federal judge
14
What was the underlying reason for the start of World War One?
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Serbia
The colonial competition between the European powers
The competition between Germany and France
The German-Austrian treaty against France and Britain
15
Which projection, commonly found on classroom maps of the world and in the image, accurately depicts the size of the
Robinson
Conic
Mercator
Polar
16
This quote would have been advocated by which of the following?
A "New Light" miniser
A Puritan
One of the Sons of Liberty
A loyalist Tory
17
What was the major motivation for the German Reunification in the 19th Century?
Rise of German nationalism
The rising trend of centralization and consolidation in industrial nations
The threat against the Germans by the Russians and the French
Prussian expansionism
18
Unemployment that occurs as a result of a mismatch between currently available workers and required job skills is
seasonal
structural
frictional
cyclical
19
What is the term used for the socio-political thought in the countries who gained their independence from Europe
Post-Structuralism
Anti-Imperialism
Extremism
Post-Colonialism
20
When the demand for an item affects the demand for the workers who make the item, this is referred to as
predictive demand
associated demand
derived demand
incidental demand
21
The Great Awakening was among the intellectual trends behind the American Revolution because:
It highlighted the religious foundations of the colonies
It promoted the rule of the people
It allowed religious plurality and diversity
It instilled Enlightenment ideals in the American society
22
How does the republican system avoid the need for formation of coalition governments?
By allowing candidates for president to choose their vp
By independent election of the chief executive
By employing lobbies
By using a two party system
23
Which of the following best describes the relationship between politicians and the media in America?
Politicians may use the media to their benefit but the media may use bias.
All media coverage must be politically balanced but politicians may pander.
Social media has created a relationship between politicians and the media.
Politicians are expected to act like "gentlemen".
24
Based on the map, which of the continent’s major cities would be most likely to encounter a hurricane?
Michaelsville
Kettington
Eddenfirth
Dratton
25
Which best summarizes the quote?
Governments need no regulation as long as moral men are in charge of it
A strong gov is necessary to protect the people and must regulate itself
The best governemtn is one run by the religious as they are like angels
Individual freedoms and local concerns must be protected to protect people
26
Which article of the Constitution prohibits the administration of a religious test for the political candidates?
Article one
Article six
The First Amendment
The Fifth Amendment
27
Which of the following best describes the political organization of Maya civilization circa 300–700 C.E.?
An early instance of democracy, with voting for property-holding men
A large empire with a centralized bureaucracy
A feudal state dominated by local warlords
A collection of independent city-states
28
Which of the following would not be considered an automatic stabilizer?
income taxes
a tax cut
social security payments
unemployment checks
29
Among the Iroquois tribes, women possessed a position of ascendancy because:
They were believed to be connected to the earth deity
They were the only ones allowed to be sachems
They were the owners of the longhouses
They were elected as monarchs
30
Why are positive role models considered to be important to a child's early development?
Children depend on modeling to develop various aspects of their personality
They prevent self-efficacy
They can take the place of peer relationships
Children require these relationships to develop language skills
31
Which of the following countries has had a woman president or prime minister?
Israel
Great Britain
Mexico
India
32
If the U.S. can produce a phone using two resource units and China can produce the same phone using one resource unit
neither country has an absolute nor comparative advantage.
the U.S. has a comparative advantage in manufacturing cell phones.
China has a comparative advantage in manufacturing cell phones.
China has an absolute advantage in manufacturing cell phones.
33
According to the map above, the distance between Nome and Barrow, Alaska, is approximately how many miles?
500
600
150
300
34
Which of the following forms of agriculture would traditionally be practiced in a tropical climate?
Aquaponic agriculture
Pastoral farming
Slash and Burn agriculture
Mixed livestock and crop farming
35
A firm's labor cost is $20/worker. Its output is $5/unit. How many workers should the firm hire to maximize profit?
2
1
3
4
36
Who was qualified to run for an office in ancient Athenian democracy?
Any adult citizen
Anyone who owned property
Only free citizens
Male citizens
37
In what way has the modern creation of nation-states and boundaries affected the working of international commerce?
It has made international commerce possible and has facilitated it
It has made it international treaties necessary and made it harder to trade
It has allowed for more government control of trade and exchange
It has allowed states to protect their economies and gain income by tariffs
38
Which cost curve declines continuously with increasing output?
None, they all rise
Average Fixed Cost
Average Variable Cost
Marginal Cost
39
Which of the following statements best disputes this claim?
Nations with the extensive social programs have the higher voter turnout.
Voters making more turned out to vote 30% more than voters making less.
The older citizens are, the more likely they are to vote.
Although voter turnout among the ages of 18-25 is low, it is not declining.
40
Selective incorporation is the process by which
the president selects judicial nominees for federal court
certain Bill of Rights protections have been applied at the state level
the bureaucracy decides how a policy should be implemented
amendments have been incorporated into the Constitution
41
What was the main source of farm labor in the NA British colonies during early colonization until the 1660s?
Slaves imported from Africa
Irish immigrants fleeing the potato famine
Indians who were enslaved by the colonists
Indentured servants from Great Britain
42
How did WWI accelerate the fall of the Russian Empire?
War crippled the industrial economy and inspired revolution
The treaty that ended Russia's involvement in WWI led to the civil war
The losses of the German Empire led to a spread of democratic ideals
The capture of the czar by the Central Powers ended the Romanov dynasty
43
Which most closely expresses the meaning of this quote? The Cold War was wildly expensive and consumed the entire globe
D
B
A
C
44
What is one of the most important sources of growth in a modern economy?
Discovering the presence of significant natural resources
Increasing the amount of capital per worker
Instituting a democratic form of government
Increasing population
45
Which would not be considered a socialcultural factor influencing individual development?
family
cultural perspective
poverty
race
46
The massive depletion of the Aral Sea, which has shrunk significantly, is most likely due to which
Occurrence of persistent drought in Kazakhstan
Effects of global warming
Increased dependence on groundwater mining
Use of the water from the feeder rivers for irrigation
47
A business is trying to increase its revenues. If the elasticity of demand for one of its product is .5, it should
Indeterminable, based on the information given.
consider lowering the price.
leave the price as is.
consider raising the price.
48
The primary role of the Supreme Court is
To hear all appellate cases from federal courts
Judicial review
To evaluate all legislation
To try criminals who violate federal law
49
Based on the Constitution, which one of the following is true between states and the federal government?
States have the freedom to choose whatever form of government they like
State laws take precedence over federal laws, except the Constitution
The federal government is the supreme legal authority
States have the authority to reject federal laws
50
What important judicial process was established by the Supreme Court case Marbury vs. Madison in 1803?
Habeas Corpus
The Judicial Review
The Appeal Process
The Fifth Amendment
51
Why was the Persian Empire the first "world empire"?
It integrated each of its satraps for production & payment of tribute
It was the first to conquer the river systems of the Nile, Indus and Meso
It preceded the empire of Alexander the Great
It imporved transportation with the canal connecting the Nile and Red Sea
52
Which of the following map projections is best used for a close up on a specific region?
Small Scale
Compromise projection
Equal area projection
Conformal Large Scale
53
Which two market structures are characterized as having many buyers and sellers?
Perfect competition and monopolistic competition
Perfect competition and oligopoly
Monopoly and oligopoly
Monopoly and monopolistic competition
54
Which of the following describes an application of the Global Positioning System (GPS) ?
Using a voice-activated device and display to access driving directions
Measuring angular distances of stars with a hand-held device
Using a tool to automatically keep a minimum space from the vehicle ahead
Gathering atmospheric information from a satellite to forecast the weather
55
Compared to economic special interest groups, what is the primary goal of non-economic interest groups?
Advocate collective goods for universal benefit
Provide specialized information to government officials
Contribute to political campaigns in order to influence government policy
Protect or win private goods for the benefit of their members
56
In Confucianism, the major qualification for serving in a public office is:
Proving political merit
Performing the correct rituals
Possessing the virtues of a Gentleman
Possessing noble blood
57
Which of the following contributed to the spread of Islam into East Africa before 1450 C.E.?
East African scholars studying in Saudi Arabia
Missionaries sent into sub-Saharan Africa from Egypt
Military invasions by Islamic caliphates
Cultural diffusion along Indian Ocean trade routes
58
Which of the following best describes the benefits, to farmers of gmos?
Allows farmers o charge more for their crops
Prevent chemical runoff into water supply due to the elimination of tilling
Increase the cost of seeds and thus profits for farmers
Allows farmers to reduce/ use less harmful chemicals, or increase output
59
Which of the following inferences is least likely to explain the graph?
Population rates are increasing
Life-expectancy is extending
Birth rates are decreasing
Death rates are increasing
60
Which of the following is a difference between the Senate and the House of Representatives?
The Senate has many more committees than the House does.
The Senate uses a system of seniority, but the House does not.
The Senate is governed by fewer formal rules than the House is.
The Senate is more receptive to legislative proposals from the president.
61
Which of the following examples best shows the spatial economic practice of agglomeration?
A rubber tire factory and windshield producer locate near an car plant.
The population center in a fruit-growing region has a juice factory.
A region that specializes in dairy trades with one specializing in grain.
A fast food chain locates their restaurants at equidistant places.
62
Which of the following strategies did the Union attempt as it sought to defeat the South during the American Civil War?
Blockading all major Southern ports
Campaigning to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond
Capturing and controlling the Mississippi River
Plotting to assassinate Confederate President Davis
63
The US money supply, M1, includes all of the following except
currency
money market funds
checking accounts
coins
64
What was the intellectual basis of the establishment of the three branches of the government?
Rousseau’s Social Contract
Montesquieu’s the Spirit of the Laws
The Magna Carta
John Locke’s the Two Treatises of Government
65
Clothing manufacturers discover that a mineral necessary to produce red dyes is going to be very limited
The amount of red clothes demanded will not change.
Producers will increase the supply of red clothing due to higher prices.
Consumers will demand more red clothing because it is scarce.
Higher production costs will cause a decrease in the supply of red clothes.
66
What was the legal debate that prompted the secession of the states from the Union prior to the Civil War?
The imposition of federal tariffs
The abolition of slavery in the Northern states
The right of the federal government to interfere with state laws
The right of the southern states to continue owning slaves
67
Assuming that daylight savings time is not in effect, if it is 8 pm in New York, what time is it in Casablanca?
3 am
1 am
10 pm
3 pm
68
According to Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, which first begins during the Concrete Operational Stage?
animism
accomodation
metacognition
egocentrism
69
How did WWII help the American economy?
American armament factories sold weapons to the Allies
It encouraged the entry of women laborers into factories
It initiated technological innovations
Munitions factories employed more laborers solving the unemployment problem
70
The dome of St. Peter's cathedral in Rome was inspired by:
The dome of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople (Istanbul)
It was developed based on ancient Roman principles re-discovered later
The dome of the Cathedral of Granada
It was designed independently by Michaelangelo
71
This passage best describes which of the following events?
Chicago Democratic National Convention Protests, 1968
The New York City Stonewall Riots of 1969
The Great March on Washington in 1963
The March on the Pentagon in 1967
72
Which of the following groups is most likely to have a mental map that covers a smaller geographic scale?
Americans
The wealthy
Those with post-graduate education
The working class
73
Why were Europeans interested in finding a passage to India?
They wanted to attack the Ottoman Turks from behind
They wanted to import pepper directly from India
They were interested in Indian silk and cotton products
They wanted to access the Asian commercial market
74
How was the political crisis following the death of the Prophet Muhammad resolved?
By appointing his cousin, Ali, as an imam
By the election of his friend Abu Bakr as the Caliph
Muhammad’s death was followed by a civil war among the Muslims
By establishing a governing council
75
Which most likely accounts for acid precipitation occurring far from its point of origin, as indicated by the map?
Groundwater runoff
Prevailing wind
Temperature fluctuation
Depletion of the ozone layer
76
In 1796, the Democratic-Republicans represented which segment of the colonial population?
Those loyal to the Constitution
Southern tobacco farmers
Wealthy northern merchants
Puritans
77
Which of the following benefits of recycling would least relate to an area's physical geography?
It saves landfil space
It saves natural resources
It saves clean air and water
It saves money and creates jobs
78
The maximum level of use an environment can sustain without incurring significant environmental deterioration is called:
resource critical mass
its natural breaking point
its saturation point
its carrying capacity
79
How did colonialism affect the European economies?
It provided them with resources to compete against Asian economies
It allowed them to have many slaves
It provided them with gold and silver
It allowed their population to migrate out of Europe
80
According to Kohlberg’s stages of moral development, which answer is the most advanced stage of moral development?
Child 4
Child 1
Child 3
Child 2
81
The post-WWII US foreign policy that called for supporting European countries against communist invasions or communis
Monroe Doctrine
Roosevelt Corollary
Truman doctrine
Marshall plan
82
Which of the following is not a required step in the legislative process?
Passage in the House of Representatives
Introduction by a member of Congress
Signature of the President into law
Committee Review
83
Which of the following initiatives was a Progressive Era response to the threat of environmental degradation?
The creation of the national park system
The banning of synthetic pesticides
The development of air quality legislation
The establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency
84
Which demographic was most impacted by the changes in the Immigration Act of 1965?
Africans
Western Europeans
Asians
Latin Americans
85
Which of the following was an argument made by the Anti-Federalists against the ratification of the Constitution?
It failed to protect individual rights.
It to give enough power to the national government.
It did not provide a clear separation of powers.
It did not allow the states to be a part of the amendment process.
86
Immigrants who settled in cities in the United States between 1890 and 1914 came from which of the following regions?
Central and South America
South and East Asia
southern and eastern Europe
northern and western Europe
87
How were urbanization and industrialization developed in the post WWI American economy?
Industries serving the urban household started to rise
Large companies started establishing headquarters in the great cities
Factories in cities helped increase the concentration of urban population
Automobile industry helped decrease urban concentration of the population
