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Cumulative Final Review
Cumulative Final Review
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1
According to Olson & Gülgöz (2018), what is an example of "social transitioning"?
Gender Pronouns
Biological Intervention
Both A and B
Hormonal Intervention
2
Which of the following describes the social intuitionist model of moral judgment?
Judgment -> Reasoning -> Passion/Emotion
Feeling -> Intuition -> Reasoning
Reasoning -> Passion/Emotion -> Judgment
Passion/Emotion -> Judgment -> Reasoning
3
In Olson & Gülgöz (2018), were there any differences found in gender-typical and socially transitioned trans children?
Y: Overall diff in gender stereotyping and partial diff in gender constancy
Y: Overall diff in gender identity and partial diff in gender constancy
Y: Overall diff in gender identity and gender-specific preferences
N: No differences were found
4
In this childhood maltreatment & antisocial behavior(AS) graph, what does the does the gray line (High MAOA) show?
Low MAOA activity = more AS behavior in severe child maltreatment
High MAOA activity = more AS behavior in severe child maltreatment
Low MAOA activity = fewer AS behavior in severe child maltreatment
High MAOA activity = fewer AS behavior in severe child maltreatment
5
Of the three components of emotion, which one represents stomping your feet and yelling?
All of the above
Subjective Feeling
Overt Behavior
Physiological Change
6
According to "The Science of Success", the graph below represents which model?
Success Model
Diathesis-Stress Model
Flower Model
Differential Susceptibility Model
7
According to Clegg & Legare (2016), what was the difference between American and Vanuatu children?
Vanuatu children had higher imitative fidelity for instrumental tasks
American and Vanuatu children had no differences
American children had higher imitative fidelity for instrumental tasks
Vanuatu children had lower imitative fidelity for instrumental tasks
8
Math ability at age 10 and SAT scores at age 17 were correlated r = .24. What is the % variance explained?
57.6%
.576%
5.76%
576%
9
Which G x E correlation is the one where individuals select/create environments that match their genetic propensities?
Passive
Active
Matching
Reactive
10
Behavior Inhibition (BI) is stable across environment.
False
True
11
Jack Block had 3 critiques for the Big 5 Personality Traits. Lexical Hypothesis, Factor Analysis, and what?
Too complicated
Expertise
Lay Language/Reliance on Untrained Lay Raters
Personality traits aren't real
12
In regards to the three components of emotion, which is an example of Physiological Change?
Kicking
Running Away
All of the above
Sweating
13
In the Reaction Range Equation (Phenotype = Genotype X Environment), what represents "Environment"?
None of the above
Shared and Nonshared Environmental Experiences
Nonshared Environmental Experiences
Shared Environmental Experiences
14
Children as young as 3 years of age are able to make distinctions between moral and social conventional events
True
False
15
In Fox et al. (2005), which of the following is mentioned as a biological indicator of behavior inhibition?
Being alone
Staying quiet
Event-Related Potentials
Being withdrawn
16
In "Understanding the Anxious Mind," how did Jerome Kagan measure infant temperament?
He smiled at them
Behaviorally (e.g., motor activity, heart rate, blood pressure)
He interviewed them
Amygdala activity (e.g., fMRI)
17
Which disorder is the leading disorder worldwide?
Neuroticism Disorder
General Anxiety Disorder
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
18
Why do children apply concepts of welfare to situations involving physical harm EARLIER than psychological harm?
Psychological harm is more immediate and concrete
Situations involving physical harm are more immediate and concrete
Physical harm requires interpretation
Children are really developed for this stuff
19
By the age of 6 years, girls are less likely than boys to believe members of their own gender are "really smart".
False
True
20
Meta-Analysis and Factor Analysis are the same thing
True
False
21
What is the basis of intergroup conflict?
Fighting spirit
In-group preference
Both A and B
Social enculturation
22
Why do White American children at the age of 4 develop racial bias, but not African American children at the age of 4?
AA children have clashing in-group preference & social enculturation
WA children have clashing in-group preference & social enculturation
Genes
AA children just know
23
TRUE OR FALSE: Duckworth et al. (2015) argues that enacting self-control is harder than exercising self-control
True
False
24
According to Duckworth et al. (2015), what is an example of ENACTING self-control?
Going to the library without cell phone to study for an exam
Ignoring text messages to finish reading an important paper
Declining a drink in order to drive home safely
Passing on chocolate cake to stay on a diet
25
Which activation in the prefrontal cortex through EEG has been linked to wanting?
No activation
Left hemisphere > Right hemisphere
Both hemispheres activate equally
Left hemisphere < Right hemisphere
26
In Rubin et al. (2006), what was the finding regarding friendship quality?
Withdrawn children reported higher friendship quality than control children
Withdrawn children and control children reported equal friendship quality
This study didn't investigate friendship quality
Withdrawn children reported lower friendship quality than control children
27
Of the three components of emotion, which one represents the individual experience?
Subjective Feeling
Physiological Change
Both A and B
Overt Behavior
28
All of the following are reasons for why young children may be motivated to show prosocial behavior EXCEPT
Reputation
Empathy
Reciprocity
Rewards
29
Which of the following is an example of a mnemonic bias?
"Peak-End" rule
Outright lying
Courtesy Bias
Desire to "look good"
30
In research designs to test Environment, many studies compare MZ (monozygotic) twins. Why?
MZ twins share genes, so the only difference is shared environment
MZ twins share genes, so they are all different
MZ twins share genes, so there is no difference between them
MZ twins share genes, so the only difference is non-shared environment
31
What part of the brain is most critical for the ability to attribute mental states to others?
Occipital Lobe
Brain Stem
Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Heart
32
A cognitive framework that comprises of mental representations for understanding the world, self and others is ________?
Emotional Bond
Internal Working Model
Attachment
Temperament
33
What was the main finding in Leonard et al. (2017) (infant study)?
Infants in the Effort condition made more attempts to achieve the goal
Infants are bad at learning
Infants at baseline made more attempts to achieve the goal
Infants in the No Effort condition made more attempts to achieve the goal
34
According to "When Your Child is a Psychopath", what is cognitive moral conscience?
Think well and do good
Awareness that thinking is important to live a morally good life
Understanding that a good life is all about thinking
Awareness that life will be more rewarding when playing by the rules
35
Dopamine is responsible for WANTING.
False
True
36
According to Brofenbrenner's Ecological Systems, which of the following is part of the Macrosystem?
The child
Culture
Time/Significant events
Mass Media
37
Which of the following is an intrinsic factor of emotion regulation?
Prefrontal Cortex
Social Economic Status
All of the above
Caregiver Support
38
Which of the following are lifestyle risks that might magnify the influence of T & P?
Ready access to substances
Fast-Food Consumption
Easy access to divorce
All of the above
39
In Rubin et al. (2006), what was the likelihood of shy/withdrawn and control children having mutual best friendships?
Shy/socially withdrawn children were equally likely as control children
Shy/socially withdrawn children were more likely than control children
Both groups don't have friends
Shy/socially withdrawn children were less likely than control children
40
Teresa is unemotional, doesn't cry at separation, and actively avoids her parent upon reunion. Which attachment type?
Insecure-Avoidant
Insecure-Resistant
Secure
Insecure-Secure
41
Theory of mind at age 4 and friendship quality at age 8 were correlated r = .78. What is the % variance explained?
.0684%
.6084%
60.84%
6.084.%
