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Paper 3 Revision - Radiography
Paper 3 Revision - Radiography
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1
Water soluble iodine-based contrast medium is the most suitable agent for a contrast study of the
Oesophagus
Kidneys
Stomach
Small intestine
2
Ideal temperature that a darkroom should be is
20-22
23-25
16-18
18-20
3
A digitizer is used in
An automatic film processor
Direct digital radiography
Computed radiography
A daylight film processor
4
Which one of the following is not an example of a phosphor used in intensifying screens
Calcium tungstate
Silver bromide
Rare earth phosphors
Barium lead sulphate
5
Dosemeters should be worn
On the trunk, beneath a protective apron
On the shirt collar, outside a protective apron
On the shirt collar, beneath a protective apron
On the trunk outside a protective apron
6
The grid ratio is
Relationship between the height of lead strips and the space between them
Factor by which kv has to be increased to compensate the grid
Factor by which mas has to be increased to compensate for the grid
Distance the grid is placed from the X-ray tube head
7
Which one of the following controls the quality or penetrating power of the X-ray beam
mA
Time of exposure
All of the above
kV
8
The statement relating to digital radiography that is true is
An imaging plate is less sensitive to radiation than radiographic film
Underexposure of a digital image cannot be corrected
Collimating of the primary beam is not necessary
An imaging plate should should be periodically erased
9
Which one of the following is used as a filter to stop low energy X-rays leaving the tube window
Copper
Lead
Tungsten
Aluminium
10
The RPS (radiation protection supervisor) is appointed
Only if the practice takes more than 10 radiographs a week
Within any practice involved with radiography
Outside the practice
Only if the practice has more than four people working there
11
Scintigraphy produces image detail by injecting
Radioactive isotopes
Gadolinium
Non-iconic iodine
Water-soluble iodine
12
High definition film is
Needs less exposure than fast film
Is suitable for the abdominal radiograph of an obese dog
Has a few number of large crystals
Has a large number of small crystals
13
The minimum standard of lead equivalent for protective gloves and sleeves is
0.30mm equivalent
0.35 mm equivalent
0.20mm equivalent
0.25 mm equivalent
14
The term soot and whitewash May be used to describe a film where
The developer was not stirred
Fogging has occurred
The kilovoltage is too low
Overexposure has occurred
15
An exposure of 60 kV and 40 mA using a grid with a factor of 2 has proved successful. What’s the exposure if grid remove
10 mA
20 mA
60 mA
80 mA
16
The part labelled B is made of
Rhenium tungsten
Glass
Copper
Molybdenum
17
A detector array is used in
Computed radiography
Analog radiography
Direct digital radiography
Film radiography
18
Barium sulphate suspension is the contrast medium of choice for
Gastrography
Arthrography
Myelography
Angiography
19
The imaging procedure that uses gamma radiation is
Fluoroscopy
Scintigraphy
CT
MRI
20
A film that is too dark may be as a result of
Under development
FFD too short
FFD too long
Underexposure
21
What will the exposure time be for an exposure of 15 mAs with the mA at 10
1 second
1.5 seconds
2 seconds
3 seconds
22
How long in the Developer?
10 seconds
3-5 minutes
15-30 minutes
10 minutes
23
The radiographic technique that uses an imaging plate is
Direct digital radiography
Analog radiography
Film radiography
Computed radiography
24
Dirty intensifying screens will result in
Borders around the film
Fogging
Yellow stains on the film
Small bright marks on the film
25
What will the exposure be if the FFD is changed from 75cm to 90cm with an old mA of 20
16.67
28.8
24.0
16
26
An exposure for a Lab is 50 kV and 15 mA. A grid with a factor of 2 is to be used, what’s the new exposure
50 kV 30 mA
50kV 7.5 mA
100 kV 30 mA
100 kV 15 mA
27
A fast film/screen combination requires
An advantage of exposure
Any of the above, because it makes no difference anyway
Less exposure
More exposure
28
Who is responsible for writing the radiographic local rules
The senior partner
The RPS
The head nurse
The RPA
29
Xrays are produced when
Protons collide with the cathode
Neutrons collide with the cathode
Neutrons collide with the anode
Electrons collide with the anode
30
Which one of the following people should never be present during radiography
Over 18s
Over 21s
Under 16
16-17 year olds
31
Barium sulphate suspension is
Radiopaque and irritant
radiolucent and irritant
Radiopaque and inert
Radiolucent and inert
32
Radiographic latitude refers to
The orientation of the cassette in relation to the patient
Lateral recumbency if the patient
range of exposures which a radiographic film produces diagnostic image
Underexposure of a fast film
33
Lithium fluoride crystals are found in
Slow X-ray film
Film badge dosimeter
Fast X-ray film
Thermopuminesent dosimeter
34
What remedial action would you not take to prevent fogging
Collimating beam
Use a grid
Increase kV
Use films before expiry date
35
The term medial describes a location
Towards the head
Towards the medial plane
Towards the tail
Away from the medial plane
36
An exposure for a GSD puppy was 30 kV, 10 mA. Puppy has a wet plaster of Paris on. What’s the new exposure
60 kV 10 mA
40 kV 10 mA
30 kV 20 mA
30kV 40 mA
37
MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imagine relies upon a magnetic field and
Ultrasound waves
Xrays
Radio waves
Gamma rays
38
The part labelled F on the tube head is the
Cathode
Aluminium filter
Filament
X-ray beam
39
An example of a radiopaque positioning aid that should be kept out of the primary beam is a
Rope tie
Foam wedge
Trough
Sandbag
40
How long should a radiograph be washed for prior to drying
10-15 mins
5-10 mins
15-30 mins
15-20 mins
41
Non-screen film may be used for
Intra-oral views
Intracranial views
Intraheparic views
Intracardiac views
42
The temperature of the developing solution in an automatic processor is approximately
28oc
22oc
20oc
18oc
43
To improve sharpness of a thoracic radiograph, the exposure should be made during
Early inspiration
The exploratory pause
Late expiration
Maximum inspiration
44
The old mA is 16. What will the new mA be given that FFD is to be changed from 30 to 20
8 mA
7 mA
6 mA
5 mA
45
Collimating of the primary beam results in
Greater incidence of scattered radiation
Greater detail on the radiograph
A reduction in penetrating power of the xrays
More x-rays hitting the film
46
A grid is placed
Between the patient and the radiographer
Between the table and the cassette
Between the patient and the cassette
Between the X-ray beam and the patient
47
Which if the following concerning positioning for radiography is not true
Exposures of the chest should always be taken on inspiration
Exposures of abdo should always be taken on inspiration
To examine the heart a DV view is better than a VD view
The nasal chambers are best viewed using an intravenous-oral film
48
Minimum distance that a direct safelight should be away from a work surface is
2m
1.2m
2.1m
3m
49
If the mAs for an exposure using a medium speed screen (200) is 2, the mAs used with a fast screen (400) will be
3
8
1
4
50
A focused grid has
Lead slats that are at right angles to each other
Lead slats parallel to each other
Lead slats parallel to each other but getting smaller in size towards grid
Both parallel and angled lead slats
51
An underdeveloped radiograph has a
Dark background and a dark image
Dark background and a pale image
Pale background and a pale image
Pale background and a dark image
52
What is a latent image
An image on the film after processing
An image on the film before processing
53
Radiography of the abdomen of deep-chested dogs may produce an image that is relatively
Underexposed in the cranial and caudal abdomen
Underexposed in the cranial abdomen and overexposed in the caudal abdo
Overexposed in the cranial and caudal abdomen
Overexposed in cranial abdo and underexposed in caudal abdo
54
The part labelled G is responsible for
Producing the electron beam
Preventing the moving electrons colliding with air
Absorbing heat
Absorbing soft X-ray photons
55
Which one of the following imaging techniques cannot be used for skeletal investigations
Ultrasonography
CT scanning
Scintigraphy
Magnetic resonance imaging
56
Black crescent marks may be prevented by
Careful handling of unprocessed film
Correct washing procedure
Use anti-static screen cleaner
Cleaning the rollers of the automatic processor
57
What may cause a film to be too pale
Scattered radiation
Static electricity
Overexposure
Exhausted developer
58
The process by which electrons are produced at the cathode is
Thermoluminescene
Radioluminescence
Thermionic emission
Phosphorescence
59
If the kV is raised by 10 to 70 kV and mA is 20 what effect will this have on the exposure?
80 kV and 60 mA
70 kV and 10 mA
70 kv and 40 mA
80 kV and 20 mA
60
Inherited abnormalities caused by radiography are due to
Genetic effects
Somatic effects
Cumulative effect
Carcinogenic effects
61
How long is Rinsing?
10 minutes
3-5 minutes
10 seconds
15-30 minutes
62
To obtain a lateral radiograph of the abdomen, the cranial collimating landmark is
Cranial to the xphoid process
The ischial arch
The manubrium
Caudal you’re the last rib
63
Tissue over a certain thickness should be xrayed using a grid. What is this thickness
20cm
15cm
10cm
40cm
64
Which of the following will reduce the amount of scattered radiation reaching the film
Reducing the size of primary beam
Increasing the kV and decreasing the mA
Increasing the film/focal distance
Reducing exposure time and increasing mA
65
What stage is omitted from an automatic processor
Developer
Fixer
Rinse/stop bath
Final wash
66
Does a ‘fast’ film require a
Any of the above
Quick exposure
Medium exposure
Long exposure
67
The optimum temperature for a manual processing developer is
21 oc
19 oc
22 oc
20 oc
68
Which one of the following is the best material for cleaning intensifying screens
Tissue paper
Swabs
Nail brush
Cotton wool
69
Active ingredient in developer is
Phenidone-hydroquinone
Calcium carbonate
Ammonium thiosulphate
Phenolic oxolate
70
A spot and whitewash film appears as a
Pale image on a white background
Grey image on a grey background
Dark image on a black background
White image on a black background
71
Crystals found in film emulsion are
Silver bromide
Gadolinium oxysulphate
Aluminium hydroxide
Tungsten halide
72
Which one of the following is responsible for image blurring
FFD too long
Patient movement
Fogging
Scattered radiation
73
In a typical practice the controlled area is within a ? Radius from the primary beam
0.5 metres
6 metres
4 metres
2 metres
74
Bulb wattage should be used in a safelight?
25w
30w
15w
20w
75
How long is Washing?
10 seconds
15-30 minutes
3-5 minutes
10 minutes
76
What are the grains called that are on the film base and react with the light
Gold halides
Calcium halides
Silver halides
Gold bromide
77
The radiation protection advisor must
Hold an RPA validated certificate
Hold a diploma in veterinary radiography
Over see all radiographs taken
Work within practice
78
Which legislation tells us that a patient should not be held for radiography, unless in exceptional circumstances
The ionising radiation regulations 1981
The health and safety at work act
The ionising regulations 1999
The control of substances hazardous to health
79
The target of an X-ray tube is usually made of
Tungsten
Copper
Lead
Silver
80
If only two projections of the thorax are required, they will be
VD and left lateral
DV and right lateral
Right and left lateral
VD and right lateral
81
Increasing the mAs for an exposure increases the
Penetrating power of the xrays
Speed at which the xrays travel
Number of xrays produced
Energy of the primary beam
82
Rostral describes a location
Away from the medial plane
Towards the nose
Towards the tail
Towards the head
83
How long is Fixing?
3-5 minutes
10 seconds
15-30 minutes
10 minutes
84
Which one of the following is an example of a water soluble positive contrast agent
Air
Iodine
Barium sulphate
Carbon dioxide
85
Which of the following items of equipment will reduce the risk of exposure to the primary beam
Protective clothing
Light beam diaphragm
Rare earth screens
Aluminium filter over tube window
86
Active ingredient in fixer is
Phenolic oxolate
Calcium carbonate
Ammonium thiosulphate
Phenidone - hydroquinone
87
Voltage needed to accelerate the electrons in the tube head is produced by the
Low voltage transformer
Auto transformer
High voltage transformer
Rectifier transformer
88
When positioning for a BVA hip screen X-ray, where would you centre the primary beam
On the acetabulum
On the wings of the ilium
On the pubic symphysis
On the head of the femur
89
This grid is an example of a
Focused
Pseudo-focused
Parallel
Potter bucky
90
At what temperature should automatic processing chemicals be kept
30 oc
28 oc
26 oc
24 oc
91
The part labelled E is responsible for
Producing the electron beam
Absorbing heat
Absorbing soft X-ray photons
Preventing the moving electrons from colliding with air
92
During abdominal radiography, optimal contrast is provided by using a
Low MAs and Low kV
high mAs and low kV
Low MAs and high kV
High mAs and high kV
93
The phosphor calcium tungstate emits
Green light
Red light
Yellow light
Blue light
94
Scattered radiation increases with
A decreased mA
A decreased kV
An increased mA
An increased kV
95
The RPA ( radiation protection advisor) is appointed
Only if the practice takes more than 10 radiographs a week
Outside the practice
Within the practice
Only if there are more than four people working in practice
96
Radiographic density is determined by the
Exposure factor and processing technique
Focal film distance
Exposure factor
Processing technique
97
Before a veterinary practice can perform radiography for the first time, a risk assessment will be performed by the
Practice principle
Radiation protection supervisor
Radiation protection advisor
Health and safety executive
98
The phosphor calcium tungstate emits which colour light
Red
Megenta
Blue
Green
99
The above grid is an example of a
Pseudo-focused grid
Potter Bucky
Parallel grid
Focused grid
100
Lead lined protective clothing is fully effective against
The primary beam only
Scattered radiation only
Any radiation
The primary beam and scattered radiation
