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Final Review Crawford
Final Review Crawford
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1
Out of the template and coding strand (DNA helix), which is complementary to the new RNA strand?
neither
gene
coding
template
2
What is carbons valence number and what does that mean?
3; that's how many hydrogens it has
4; it does not want it's valence shell to be full
4; it is capable of making 4 bonds to other atoms
3; because the period table says so
3
Which is not one of the 4 properties of water?
Water molecules have cohesion and adhesion
It can moderate temperature
Ice floats on liquid water
It is hydrophobic
4
What type of mutation is this showing? (be specific)
insertion
nonsense mutation
deletion
silent mutation
5
Which portion of a chromosome carries hereditary information?
amino acids
sarcomeres
proteins
nucleic acids
6
What amino acid will ALWAYS be bound to the tRNA containing the start anticodon?
Trp
Glu
Met
Thr
7
With the Trp operon, the repressor is ____ when Tryptophan is bound
inactive
neutral
active
8
what is the term from the division in bacteria?
regeneration
cloning
binary fission
mitosis
9
What type of mutation is this? (be specific)
frameshift mutation
silent mutation
point mutation
missense mutation
10
What is the name of the buffer in our blood?
carboxylic acid
acetic acid
carbonic acid
sucrose
11
After a DNA double helix is unwound, these prevent the helices from reforming.
helicase
SSBP
topoisomerases
primers
12
At the end of meiosis 2 in the ovaries, 1 egg is produced along with 3 _____.
zygotes
polar bodies
barr bodies
sperm cells
13
To what end of a DNA strand are new nucleotides added?
to either end depending on the movement of DNA polymerase
neither end
to the 5' end
to the 3' end
14
A cell taking in particles from it's surroundings is known as what?
receptor-mediated transport
phagocytosis
pinocytosis
15
What is this an image of?
purine
pyrimidine
cytosine
hydroxyl group
16
What is cytokinesis?
the division of the cytoplasm
the transporting of cell wall material to the cell plate
the division of the nucleus
the division of the sister chromatids
17
Which name/names are responsible for identifying the structure of DNA by using x-ray crystallography?
Griffith
James Watson and Francis Crick
Rosalind Franklin
Erwin Chargaff
18
What caps the end of a chromatid?
telomere
chromatin
centromere
plasma membrane
19
Unfolding of a protein is also known as _____
breaking
dissolving
curling
denaturing
20
In anaphase of mitosis, from where do the sister chromatids pull apart at?
kinetochore region
centromere region
telomere region
centrosome region
21
Which one of these is how prokaryotes regulate gene expression?
post-transcriptional control
chromatin structure
operons
translational control
22
A bacterial cell lysing and spreading its genetic info to another cell and changing its function is called what?
Translation
DNA replication
DNA transformation
Transcription
23
What phase of meiosis is this?
metaphase 2
anaphase 2
prophase 1
metaphase 1
24
An ionic bond is formed between what?
anything
2 non-metals
metal/non-metal
Transition metal/metal
25
which of these help regulate the steps of the cell cycle?
actin
cohesins
cyclins
myosin
26
Which are the purines?
adenine and guanine
adenine and cytosine
guanine and uracil
thymine and uracil
27
Which is not something a cell would be doing?
simultaneously growing and dividing
growing in size prior to division
a normal, functioning cell
creating daughter cells
28
Which of these is not a characterisitc of all living things?
They maintain homeostasis
They require energy
They must stay in their own populations
They adapt and evolve
29
What type of charge does a proton have?
positive
partial positive
negative
neutral
30
What is the reaction that breaks down polymers into monomers?
fast
SN1
hydrolysis
dehyrdration
31
Gaining hydrogens/electrons is a reduction
False
True
32
Cellulose only contains ______ glucose monomers
both alpha and beta
beta
hydrogen
alpha
33
The bonds in a water molecule are what?
polar
nonpolar
very weak
ionic
34
DNA polymerase reads in the _-_ direction and builds in the _-_ direction
both occur in the 5'-3' direction
3'-5' ; 5'-3'
they switch depending on it being the leading or lagging strand
5'-3' ; 3'-5'
35
what 2 things does a ribsome consist of?
a tRNA and an mRNA
2 small subunits
a small and large subunit
a codon and anticodon
36
What is a cell doing in G0?
dying
lysing
metabolically active
not dividing
37
What is the main function of the mitochondria?
convert sugars, fats, and other fuels into energy for our cells
digestion of energy in cell
photosynthesis
cellular respiration
38
what is the name of the thing caused by the contractile ring during cytokinesis?
nuclear division
cell wall
cleavage furrow
myosin
39
Phospholipids have ____ heads and ____ tails; they are amphipathic
hydrophilic; hydrophilic
hydrophilic; hydrophobic
hydrophobic; hydrophobic
hydrophobic; hydrophilic
40
Which is the start codon and the 3 stop codons?
AUG; UGA, UUU, UUA
UAA; UGA, AUG, UAG
UGA; AUG, UAG, AAA
AUG; UGA, UAG, UAA
41
Knowing that RNA polymerase builds in a 5'-3' direction, this would be termed ______
termination
antiparallel
upstream
downstream
42
In a covalent bond, electrons are being stripped from one of the atoms.
False
True
43
If I am transcribing this DNA sequence, AATGCACA, what would the RNA sequence be?
UUAGCUGG
TTACGTGT
AATCGTGT
UUACGUGU
44
What is the correct order of the phases of mitosis?
Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase, Prophase
Prophase, Metaphase, Telophase, Anaphase
Telophase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
45
Which one of these is an example of an ionic compound?
Pentane
Sodium Fluoride (NaF)
Water
Ammonia (NH3)
46
What is number 3 referring to?
ribosome
nucleus
lysozome
mitochondria
47
As a new strand of DNA is being replicated, the new nucleotides are being added to what?
whichever end is open at the time
the free 5' end
only at the origin of replication
the free 3' end
48
The Lac operon is actively producing enzymes that break down lactose when lactose is bound to the repressor
True
False
49
The conversion of DNA into mRNA takes place where in the cell?
rough ER
ribosomes
cytoplasm
nucleus
50
Which is not one of the parts of the Cell Theory?
All cells come from preexisting cells
cells are the basic unit of structure and fucntion in an organism
All organisms are composed of cells
All viruses are prokaryotic cells
51
Why are males more frequently affected by X-linked traits?
Females are naturally more immune to mutations
They only get X chromosomes
They always get the X with the disorder present
They only have one X chromosome
52
A mom has red hair (rr) and her husband has brown hair (Rr), what is the chance that their child could have red hair?
25%
100%
50%
no chance because the dad has a dominant allele
53
Fungi are in the Eukarya domain
True
False
54
What is this an image of?
nucleotide
deoxyribose
nucleoside
ribose
55
How does cellular respiration occur without the presence of oxygen?
beta-oxidation
fermentation
lactation
glycololysis
56
Which of these don't have cell walls?
animal cells
fungi
plant cells
prokaryotes
57
The organelle of a cell where proteins are synthesized
vacuoles
nucleus
ribosome
mitochondria
58
Which are the 4 things that all cells have?
Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, chromosomes, ribosomes
Cell wall, cytoplasm, chromosomes, ribosomes
Plasma membrane, chlorophyll, chromosomes, ribosomes
Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes
59
What do catalysts do to chemical reactions?
help them make less product
stop them
slow them down
speed them up
60
Mitosis occurs in everything but sex cells.
True
False
61
Heat energy is a form of ______ energy.
thermal
kinetic
chemical
potential
62
How many amino acids make proteins?
20
17
25
22
63
Which is a common promoter sequence in eukaryotes?
AUG
TATAAAA
UGA
TAAATAT
64
Pre-mRNA must be modified before leaving the nucleus, select which modifications HAVE to occur.
addition of 5' modified guanine nucleotide caps
removal of exons
addition of poly-A tail to 3' ends
removal of introns
65
Homologous chromosomes synapse to form tetrads
True
False
66
What are the 3 domains?
Bacteria, Archaea, Animal
Eukarya, Protists, Archaea
Bacteria, Eukarya, Fungi
Bacteria, Eukarya, Archaea
67
The cell is actively dividing during which stage of the cell cycle?
Cytokinesis
S phase
Anaphase
mitosis
68
In eukaryotes there is only one origin of replication due to a single, circular chromosome.
True
False
69
Which is the site of cellular respiration?
mitchondria
golgi apparatus
cytoplasm
nucleus
70
What chemical attraction allows waterbugs to walk on water?
hydrogen bonding
non-polar attractions
adhesion
Cohesion
71
How many glucose and oxygen are produced by photosynthesis?
1:6
6:1
1:1
2:3
72
The group number on the periodic table tells us how many valence electrons an element will have.
False
True
73
What functional group is on this carbon chain?
Sulfhydryl
Alcohol
Carbonyl
Hydroxyl
74
What are the 4 macromolecules that make up living things?
carbs, hemoglobing
sugars, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins
lipids, proteins, carbs, nucleic acids
Proteins, lipids, fats, carbs
