What is supranationalism?

Countries form an organization to collectively benefit them

What is a combined statistical area (CSA)?

2+ CBSAs linked by commuting patterns

What is a shatter belt?

Instability in a region bc it is between two different ones

What does the median household income (Sector Model) of Houston suggest?

High-class residential areas are mostly west of the CBD

All of these are true about boundaries except

Antecedent: West Germany vs East Germany in the present

What is eminent domain?

Govt. seizes land for public use and pays the difference

What is the difference between unitary and federal states?

Unitary: Central Gov. Power Federal: Local Gov. Power

What is a micropolitan statistical area?

Urbanized area with 10,000-50,000 people

What is a food desert?

An area with many impoverished people and less supermarkets

What is the difference between perforated and fragmented states?

Perf: Enveloping, Frag: Discontinuous

Which of these is true regarding global cities?

A disproportionately large number of the wealthy live there

What is the reason certain activities (residential, manufacturing) are excluded from CBDs?

Extremely high land costs because space is scarce

What is affecting the density gradient?

Fewer people in CBDs, Less variation of urban area density

All of the following are true about boundaries except

Militarized: U.S./Canada Border

What is the exact definition of a state?

An political unit ruled by a sovereign government

More self-determination because of cultural issues

studbud

AP Human Geography Geographical Patterns (Chapters 8, 12, & 13) AP Test Review Part 4

119 termsStudBud Administration294 plays

A #humangeo #quiz to help prepare for the AP Test. The Chapters Given/Majority of the information is based on the RUBENSTEIN resource, with the supplemental resources of WOOD and AMSCO (see credited resources). This is the 4th and final study tool. #MADEBYGOATSQUAD

Flashcards119 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 119

Answers

1
What is the market area?
All of the above
Hinterland
Area surrounding a CBD
Area surrounding a central place but still in the hexagon
2
What resulted in the consolidation of land strips around villages to single-owner, large farms?
Treaty of Farmland
Enclosure Movement (U.S.)
Industrial Revolution
U.K.'s Enclosure Movement
3
All of the following are primate cities except
New York
Paris
London
Bangkok
4
What is supranationalism?
Lebensraum
When a country believes that they are the best in the world
None of the Above
Countries form an organization to collectively benefit them
5
What is a combined statistical area (CSA)?
2+ CBSAs linked by commuting patterns
3+ CBSAs linked by cultural patterns
A megalopolis + a MSA
2+ CBSAs linked by religious patterns
6
What is an anocracy?
Amalgamation of both
Power to all
Power to One
None of the Above
7
All of these are types of services except
Public
Consumer
Economic
Business
8
What is a shatter belt?
When a country redraws its borders in the shape of a belt
A farming pattern
When drought hits, shattering the ground
Instability in a region bc it is between two different ones
9
Which of the following are benefits to motor vehicles to individuals?
Helps international trade
Uniformity of Transport
Perceived cost
Helping the economy
10
Which of the following is a form of segregation in suburbs?
Schools
Gender
Social class
Land use
11
All of the following are major terrorist organizations except
Al-Qaeda
Boko Haram
Sahel Bandits
ISIS/ISIL
12
What is the theory that promotes nation-states?
Nationalism
None of the Above
Self-determination
Ethnic State theory
13
All of the following are members of the United Nations except
United States
Taiwan
Papua New Guinea
North Korea
14
Which of the following is the most promising regarding alternative fuel vehicles?
Diesel
Hybrid
Ethanol
Full electric
15
What does the median household income (Sector Model) of Houston suggest?
The secondary sector workers live in Northwest Houston
The CBD is in downtown Houston
High-class residential areas are mostly west of the CBD
Growth in Houston has been trending eastward
16
All of these are true about boundaries except
Antecedent: Before a large population
Subsequent/Ethnographic: Accommodates different cultures
Relic: No longer exists but evidence of it is still present
Antecedent: West Germany vs East Germany in the present
17
Who created the following model?
Rubenstein
Hoyt
Wood
Palmer
18
What do race/ethnicity patterns (Multiple Nuclei Model) suggest in Houston?
Expansion of Houston is primarily by whites
Houston has many ethnic enclaves
People of the same ethnicity prefer to live with each other
All of the Above
19
What is eminent domain?
When the government slaughters its people (ie. genocide)
When a government marks its territory
Govt. seizes land for public use and pays the difference
When a govt uses a document to invade a country
20
Where does social area analysis data come from in the United States?
A variety of sources
CIA Factbook
Census
FBI
21
What was the name of the Ukrainian region that Russia annexed?
Kiev
Crimea
Czechia
Sevastopol
22
Which of the following are detriments to motor vehicles to the individual?
Hurts the economy
Fuel
Competition with others
TRAFFIC
23
What is the difference between unitary and federal states?
Unitary: Central Gov. Power Federal: Local Gov. Power
Unitary: Local Gov. Power Federal: Federal Gov. Power
24
What is a micropolitan statistical area?
MSAs in microstates
All of the above
Urbanized area with 10,000-50,000 people
Smaller than an MSA
25
Who came up with this theory?
Hoyt
Rubenstein
Halford Mackinder
Mackinder & Spykman
26
What is a food desert?
An area where agriculture is sparse
An area where food is grown in dry areas
An area with a low amount of gas stations
An area with many impoverished people and less supermarkets
27
What is the difference between perforated and fragmented states?
Perf: Enveloping, Frag: Discontinuous
Perf: Superpower, Frag: Discontinuous
Perf: Projecting, Frag: Discontinuous
Perf: Large, Frag: Small
28
All of the following have annual growth rates of above 5% except
Beihai
Delhi
Ghaziabad
Sana'a
29
All of the following are synonymous with informal (squatter) settlements except
Bastees
Pekoon
Barong-barong
Favelas
30
What is filtering?
Single-owned-->Rent-->Abandonment
Process of change for a house
Occurs when rent < maintenance costs & taxes
All of the Above
31
What is significant about residencies in Europe CBDs compared to the United States?
They contain skyscrapers
They lack public services
They are much larger
They have a higher population
32
18 of the 20 most diverse states are in ____________.
Africa
Europe
Latin America
Asia
33
What are the forms of gerrymandering?
Independent, Dependent
Excess, Wasted, Stacked
Democrat, Republican, Independent
Discriminatory and Non-Discriminatory
34
All of the following are physical boundaries except
Desert
Forest
Mountain
Water
35
All of the following are Business services in CBDs except
Banks
Journalists
Law firms
Hotels
36
Which of these is true regarding global cities?
They are where all governments are headquartered
They are relatively unimportant
A disproportionately large number of the wealthy live there
Most of them are in the UK
37
What is the reason certain activities (residential, manufacturing) are excluded from CBDs?
People choose to live in suburbs due to suburbanization
Extremely high land costs because space is scarce
They are more efficient in suburbs because of economics
Land is unusable in CBDs
38
Who came up with the Central Place Theory?
Christaller
Hoyt
Eratosthenes
Burgess
39
What is affecting the density gradient?
More people living in CBDs
Both A & B
Fewer people in CBDs, Less variation of urban area density
More variation in population density of urban areas
40
How many urban settlements have 10 million or more people?
9
33
56
12
41
What was the name of the point during the Cold War that the world came closest to nuclear war?
Bay of Pigs Invasion
Resistance of Yugoslavia
Cuban Missile Crisis
DEFCON II
42
All of the following are true about boundaries except
Militarized: Heavily guarded and discourages movement
Open: Unimpeded crossing
Militarized: U.S./Canada Border
Superimposed: Drawn by outside powers
43
What was the name of the Cold War era economic alliance that disbanded in 1991?
COMECON
COGCON
OSCE
EU
44
Why is outsourcing on the rise?
English speakers, Low Wages
Bigger markets, Higher capital
Wallerstein's Core-Periphery Model
Cheap land, High profits
45
Who created the following model?
Aristotle
Burgess
Christaller
von Thunen
46
What was one of the major reasons why the U.S.S.R. fell?
The 1991 economic crisis
Stalin's leadership was lost
Countries already were formed
Too ethnically diverse
47
In order to combat high costs of land, what do CBDs have?
Skyscrapers & Public Transport
Railways & Public Transport
Skyscrapers & Underground
Skyscrapers
48
What is the exact definition of a state?
An area united by people who have the same nationality
An political unit ruled by a sovereign government
A denomination inside of a country
A country
49
What is a core-based statistical area (CBSA)?
When MSAs and µSAs coexist
A combination of spatially close MSAs and µSAs
Any one MSA or µSA
Any two MSAs or µSAs
50
All of these cultures utilize periodic markets except
Korean
African
Hindu
Muslim
51
What is devolution?
None of the above
When the people of a country revolt and overthrow a govt.
When a country splits up its territory
More self-determination because of cultural issues
52
What are the types of water boundaries established by the Law of the Sea?
EEZ, Territorial Waters, Contiguous Zone
Territorial Waters, Internal Waters, External Waters
Territorial Waters, Internal Waters
Internal Waters, Contiguous Zone, Territorial Waters
53
What is the definition of central place?
The center
The actual businesses
Place where businesses frequent
Market center
54
What is irredentism?
Annex territory tied to the country that is annexing
The policy that countries should never be nation-states
The policy that enables immigration
Bans on immigration via physical boundaries
55
Which of the following is correct regarding boundary disputes?
Operational: How the boundary should function
Locational: Interpretation of location
Allocational: Conflict over resources
Definitional: Centers around legal issue/language of treaty
56
What is synonymous with a CBD?
Area in a city with the highest population density
Area with plentiful markets
Central place
Downtown
57
Rural settlements are either
Isolated or Dense
Clustered or Dispersed
Dense or Clustered
Dispersed or Isolated
58
What are the two types of clustered rural settlements?
Circular and Linear
Dense and Isolated
Dense and Circular
Linear and Dense
59
What is a primate city?
City that is >2x the population of the second largest city
City that follows the rank-size rule
City that is 3x or more in population than any other city
City that has a high population density
60
What are the two kinds of local government fragmentation in North America?
Miami-Dade, Toronto
Federations & Consolidation of local governments
Supreme Court & Local Courts
Municipalities & Joint (city+country) Operations
61
All of the following are transportation epochs except
Satellite-Electronic-Jet Propulsion (1970-Present)
Sail-Wagon (1790-1830), Steel Rail (1870-1920)
Iron Horse (1830-1870), Auto-Air-Amenity (1920-1970)
Airplane (1950-Present)
62
What does public housing (Concentric Zone Model) in Houston suggest?
Houston is fortifying its CBD
Houston neighborhoods are being gentrified
Houston is experiencing outward expansion
Houston is having more people move slightly outside the CBD
63
Which of these is correct?
Compact: Equidistant, Elongated: Long, Prorupted: Extended
Compact: Small, Elongated: Long, Prorupted: Extended
Compact: Small, Elongated: Narrow, Prorupted: Disruption
Compact:Narrow, Elongated:Discontinuous, Prorupted:Enveloped
64
What are the three types of boundaries?
Economic, Social, Political
Political, Cultural, Geometric
Cultural, Geometric, Physical
Political, Physical, Disputed
65
All of the following are the three key elements for sustainable development except
Increase of water usage
Increase in renewable energy use
CCS
Decrease of nonrenewable energy use
66
Which service has the most employment in the U.S., as of 2019?
Economic
Business
Consumer
Public
67
Where was the Roman Empire centralized around? (Think about the actual territory)
Rome, Georgia
The Mediterranean Sea
Spain
The Alps
68
All of the following are factors of ranking global cities except
Population, Supranational Organization HQs
Communications, Infrastructure
Economic, Political
Culture, Transport
69
What is an example of a nonbasic business?
A company in Palo Alto exporting cars to Europe and China
A restaurant opening a single location in Houston
A company in Shenzhen exporting items to the United States
A New York Amazon HQ delivering all across the world
70
What type of boundary would the U.S.--Canada border be? (45th & 49th parallel, 141st meridian)
Physical
Geometric
Political
Cultural
71
What do Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) include?
Urbanized population of 50,000+
The county in which the city is located in
All of the Above
Adjacent counties w/ many residents working in the city
72
All of the following are consumer services in CBDs except
Hotels
Retailers with low thresholds
Retailers with high ranges
Retailers serving people who work in CBDs
73
What is public housing?
Consumer services in CBDs
Govt owned services lent out to the public
Govt owned housing to low income individuals
Housing built for U.S. citizens
74
What is threshold?
Minimum number of people needed for a service to survive
The number of people living in the hinterland
A wooden stick
Maximum number of people that can reside in a space
75
All of the following are examples of public services in CBDs except
Courts
Government agencies
Schools
City Hall
76
What does the density gradient state?
More people gravitate towards outer areas
Cities grow against population density
# of people increase as distance from CBD increases
# of houses/land unit lowers as distance from CBD increases
77
All of the following can be used to control vehicles except
Bans
Congestion charges
Tolls
Blowing them up
78
All of the following differentiate URBAN settlements from rural settlements except
Social Heterogenity
High Density
Prominent Primary Sector
Large
79
Which countries are the supplements of terrorists?
Iraq and Afghanistan
Iraq and Iran
Syria and Pakistan
Syria and Iraq
80
Why are offshore services attractive to businesses?
Low/No Taxes & High Privacy
Low wages, English
Far from mainlands, Circumvents taxes
Financial Security & Outsourcing
81
What is smart growth?
Growth that combats suburban sprawl and preserves farmland
Growth that prioritizes combating climate change
Annexing territories to prioritize growth
Growth that is very smart
82
All of the following are business services in global cities except
Financial Institutions
Supranational Organization Headquarters
Corporation HQs
Professional Services (ie. CherryGoat)
83
What is sprawl?
Size of urban areas
Comparing the MSA to the CSA
The size of a city
Development of low-density suburbs incongruent with the city
84
Why does the Central Place Theory use hexagons?
Squares don't lock together
Hexagons are almost equidistant and also lock together
Circles aren't equidistant from the center
All of the Above
85
All of the following are megalopolises except
Beihaikong (Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong)
Bosnywash (Boston, NYC, Washington D.C.)
German Ruhr (Düsseldorf, Dortmund, Essen)
Tokaido (Tokyo, Yokohama)
86
What is the rank-size rule?
n = 1/n
nth largest settlement is 1/n of largest
1/n
n = largest settlement, 1/n = smallest settlement
87
What is range?
The difference between the largest and smallest values
Frequency of CBDs
Maximum distance people are willing to go to get to a place
The spatial distribution of buildings inside a CBD
88
What is a service?
An activity that exchanges a want/need for money
Help
Something done for no money
What a servant practices
89
All of the following are hardships for the underclass except
Drugs & Crime
Poverty & Lack of job skills
Flimsy institutions & No Police Enforcement
Homelessness & Inadequate Services
90
What is the difference between an enclave and an exclave?
Enclave: Surrounded Territory, Exclave: Separated Territory
Enclave: Same Country, Exclave: Different Country
Enclave: Different Country, Exclave: Same Country
Enclave: Separated Territory, Exclave: Surrounded Territory
91
Who created the following model?
All of the above
Ullman
Harris
92
What is an autocracy?
Power to the People
Mix
Power to One Ruler
None of the Above
93
What is a zoning ordinance?
Law that bans segregation based on race, sex, ethnicity, etc
Law that zones people to certain schools
Law that limits land use and population density
Law that states where zip codes are
94
What is gentrification?
When a culture is assimilated
When colleges take an area and turn it into college towns
When a certain number of people are driven out of a place
When an urban area is transformed from low to middle income
95
All of these were former U.S.S.R states except
Ukraine
Finland
Kazakhstan
Georgia
96
What type of boundary is the UK and Ireland (on the actual island of Ireland)?
Ethnic
Physical
Political
Religious
97
What is a nation-state?
Extremely rare in the world
A country in which a particular ethnicity envelops the state
All of the Above
Japan
98
What is significant about the number of large urban settlements and global growth patterns?
They have an inverse relationship because of suburbanization
People migrate towards urban areas, causing rural growth
They are both higher in developing countries than developed
They are highest in North America
99
When did the U.N. greatly increase its membership?
1970
1960
All of the Above
1995
100
What is important about the models (CZM, Sector, MZM) in developing countries?
They are completely useless
They must be altered to work
There is nothing of significance
They were based on LDCs, so they work best in them
101
What was significant about Europe in 1924?
It was right after WWII
BMW was founded
1924 Europe started to resemble modern-day Europe
It was in the middle of the Industrial Revolution
102
All of the following are colonies except
Philippines
Greenland
Hong Kong
Puerto Rico
103
What is the definition of settlement?
A state
A city
Collection of buildings where people reside, work, etc.
A place where people reside
104
What is a trend regarding terrorism?
It is increasing due to reduced airport security
It is decreasing because of better public knowledge
It is decreasing because of increased security in countries.
It is increasing because of unstable Middle East countries.
105
What is the gravity model?
Pertains inversely to threshold
Predicts the optimal location of a services
Pertains directly to range
None of the Above
106
Which of these is closest to the rank size rule?
1. Berlin - 3.5M, 2. Hamburg - 1.8M, 3. Munich - 1.4M
1. Shanghai - 22M, 2. Beijing - 12M, 3. Tianjin - 11M
1. Mumbai - 12M, 2. Delhi - 11M, 3 - Bangalore - 8M
1. New York - 9M, 2. LA - 4M, Chicago - 2.7M, Houston - 2.3M
107
What is redlining?
When banks lend money only to people inside certain lines
When cars explode
When banks don't lend money to people in certain drawn lines
When murders increase from a previous year
108
All of the following are the major reasons for European colonialism except
To feel more powerful
To promote Christianity
To gain more territory for the good of the country
To extract resources and serve as capital markets
109
What is a frontier?
The area which no state exercises complete political control
Another name for a boundary
Areas in the world with disputed boundaries
Kashmir, Ukraine
110
What have been suburban patterns in the United States? (Answers are in terms of population)
They have ceased expansion as the U.S. is in Stage 5 (DTM)
They grew by 30% in 50 years
They have increased due to increased migration eastward
They have been decreasing due to urbanization
111
What were the two military alliances created after WWII?
NATO, EU
EU, COMECON
EU, Warsaw Pact
Warsaw Pact, NATO
112
What is significant about the Fertile Crescent?
It was the hearth of many successful empires
It had plentiful oil reserves used by Saudi Arabia
It was a catalyst for the agricultural revolution
It allowed for the development of countries like The Gambia
113
What is an example of a basic business?
Mercedes-Benz primarily exporting cars to the United States.
BMW primarily selling its cars in Munich.
Dell primarily selling computers in Austin.
Samsung primarily selling their phones in Seoul.
114
What is sovereignty?
Lockdown of resources in a country
Disagreement in terms of borders
Independence from external control of internal affairs
Independence from colonial powers
115
Who created the following model?
Burgess
Harris
Hoyt
Ullman
116
What is significant about Mexico City's Concentric Zones?
Mexico's economy is beginning to stagnate
Mexico has ceased expansion
Mexico City is facing heavy congestion
Most expansion involves informal settlements in outer rings.
117
What can be inferred about the models (CZM, Sector, MNM) when comparing Paris to Houston?
Houston is a better city to live in
They correlate better in Houston
People make more in Houston
Paris has definite models
118
All of these are dimensions of urbanization except
% of people living in urban settlements
# of people living in urban settlements/1,000,000
Number of people living in urban settlements
119
What are the two sanctuaries of terrorism?
Pakistan and Afghanistan
Iraq and Syria
Syria and Afghanistan
Iraq and Libya

AP Human Geography Geographical Patterns (Chapters 8, 12, & 13) AP Test Review Part 4 Flashcards | StudBud

AP Human Geography Geographical Patterns (Chapters 8, 12, & 13) AP Test Review Part 4

119 termsStudBud Administration294 plays

Flashcards119 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 119

Answers

1
What is the market area?
All of the above
Hinterland
Area surrounding a CBD
Area surrounding a central place but still in the hexagon
2
What resulted in the consolidation of land strips around villages to single-owner, large farms?
Treaty of Farmland
Enclosure Movement (U.S.)
Industrial Revolution
U.K.'s Enclosure Movement
3
All of the following are primate cities except
New York
Paris
London
Bangkok
4
What is supranationalism?
Lebensraum
When a country believes that they are the best in the world
None of the Above
Countries form an organization to collectively benefit them
5
What is a combined statistical area (CSA)?
2+ CBSAs linked by commuting patterns
3+ CBSAs linked by cultural patterns
A megalopolis + a MSA
2+ CBSAs linked by religious patterns
6
What is an anocracy?
Amalgamation of both
Power to all
Power to One
None of the Above
7
All of these are types of services except
Public
Consumer
Economic
Business
8
What is a shatter belt?
When a country redraws its borders in the shape of a belt
A farming pattern
When drought hits, shattering the ground
Instability in a region bc it is between two different ones
9
Which of the following are benefits to motor vehicles to individuals?
Helps international trade
Uniformity of Transport
Perceived cost
Helping the economy
10
Which of the following is a form of segregation in suburbs?
Schools
Gender
Social class
Land use
11
All of the following are major terrorist organizations except
Al-Qaeda
Boko Haram
Sahel Bandits
ISIS/ISIL
12
What is the theory that promotes nation-states?
Nationalism
None of the Above
Self-determination
Ethnic State theory
13
All of the following are members of the United Nations except
United States
Taiwan
Papua New Guinea
North Korea
14
Which of the following is the most promising regarding alternative fuel vehicles?
Diesel
Hybrid
Ethanol
Full electric
15
What does the median household income (Sector Model) of Houston suggest?
The secondary sector workers live in Northwest Houston
The CBD is in downtown Houston
High-class residential areas are mostly west of the CBD
Growth in Houston has been trending eastward
16
All of these are true about boundaries except
Antecedent: Before a large population
Subsequent/Ethnographic: Accommodates different cultures
Relic: No longer exists but evidence of it is still present
Antecedent: West Germany vs East Germany in the present
17
Who created the following model?
Rubenstein
Hoyt
Wood
Palmer
18
What do race/ethnicity patterns (Multiple Nuclei Model) suggest in Houston?
Expansion of Houston is primarily by whites
Houston has many ethnic enclaves
People of the same ethnicity prefer to live with each other
All of the Above
19
What is eminent domain?
When the government slaughters its people (ie. genocide)
When a government marks its territory
Govt. seizes land for public use and pays the difference
When a govt uses a document to invade a country
20
Where does social area analysis data come from in the United States?
A variety of sources
CIA Factbook
Census
FBI
21
What was the name of the Ukrainian region that Russia annexed?
Kiev
Crimea
Czechia
Sevastopol
22
Which of the following are detriments to motor vehicles to the individual?
Hurts the economy
Fuel
Competition with others
TRAFFIC
23
What is the difference between unitary and federal states?
Unitary: Central Gov. Power Federal: Local Gov. Power
Unitary: Local Gov. Power Federal: Federal Gov. Power
24
What is a micropolitan statistical area?
MSAs in microstates
All of the above
Urbanized area with 10,000-50,000 people
Smaller than an MSA
25
Who came up with this theory?
Hoyt
Rubenstein
Halford Mackinder
Mackinder & Spykman
26
What is a food desert?
An area where agriculture is sparse
An area where food is grown in dry areas
An area with a low amount of gas stations
An area with many impoverished people and less supermarkets
27
What is the difference between perforated and fragmented states?
Perf: Enveloping, Frag: Discontinuous
Perf: Superpower, Frag: Discontinuous
Perf: Projecting, Frag: Discontinuous
Perf: Large, Frag: Small
28
All of the following have annual growth rates of above 5% except
Beihai
Delhi
Ghaziabad
Sana'a
29
All of the following are synonymous with informal (squatter) settlements except
Bastees
Pekoon
Barong-barong
Favelas
30
What is filtering?
Single-owned-->Rent-->Abandonment
Process of change for a house
Occurs when rent < maintenance costs & taxes
All of the Above
31
What is significant about residencies in Europe CBDs compared to the United States?
They contain skyscrapers
They lack public services
They are much larger
They have a higher population
32
18 of the 20 most diverse states are in ____________.
Africa
Europe
Latin America
Asia
33
What are the forms of gerrymandering?
Independent, Dependent
Excess, Wasted, Stacked
Democrat, Republican, Independent
Discriminatory and Non-Discriminatory
34
All of the following are physical boundaries except
Desert
Forest
Mountain
Water
35
All of the following are Business services in CBDs except
Banks
Journalists
Law firms
Hotels
36
Which of these is true regarding global cities?
They are where all governments are headquartered
They are relatively unimportant
A disproportionately large number of the wealthy live there
Most of them are in the UK
37
What is the reason certain activities (residential, manufacturing) are excluded from CBDs?
People choose to live in suburbs due to suburbanization
Extremely high land costs because space is scarce
They are more efficient in suburbs because of economics
Land is unusable in CBDs
38
Who came up with the Central Place Theory?
Christaller
Hoyt
Eratosthenes
Burgess
39
What is affecting the density gradient?
More people living in CBDs
Both A & B
Fewer people in CBDs, Less variation of urban area density
More variation in population density of urban areas
40
How many urban settlements have 10 million or more people?
9
33
56
12
41
What was the name of the point during the Cold War that the world came closest to nuclear war?
Bay of Pigs Invasion
Resistance of Yugoslavia
Cuban Missile Crisis
DEFCON II
42
All of the following are true about boundaries except
Militarized: Heavily guarded and discourages movement
Open: Unimpeded crossing
Militarized: U.S./Canada Border
Superimposed: Drawn by outside powers
43
What was the name of the Cold War era economic alliance that disbanded in 1991?
COMECON
COGCON
OSCE
EU
44
Why is outsourcing on the rise?
English speakers, Low Wages
Bigger markets, Higher capital
Wallerstein's Core-Periphery Model
Cheap land, High profits
45
Who created the following model?
Aristotle
Burgess
Christaller
von Thunen
46
What was one of the major reasons why the U.S.S.R. fell?
The 1991 economic crisis
Stalin's leadership was lost
Countries already were formed
Too ethnically diverse
47
In order to combat high costs of land, what do CBDs have?
Skyscrapers & Public Transport
Railways & Public Transport
Skyscrapers & Underground
Skyscrapers
48
What is the exact definition of a state?
An area united by people who have the same nationality
An political unit ruled by a sovereign government
A denomination inside of a country
A country
49
What is a core-based statistical area (CBSA)?
When MSAs and µSAs coexist
A combination of spatially close MSAs and µSAs
Any one MSA or µSA
Any two MSAs or µSAs
50
All of these cultures utilize periodic markets except
Korean
African
Hindu
Muslim
51
What is devolution?
None of the above
When the people of a country revolt and overthrow a govt.
When a country splits up its territory
More self-determination because of cultural issues
52
What are the types of water boundaries established by the Law of the Sea?
EEZ, Territorial Waters, Contiguous Zone
Territorial Waters, Internal Waters, External Waters
Territorial Waters, Internal Waters
Internal Waters, Contiguous Zone, Territorial Waters
53
What is the definition of central place?
The center
The actual businesses
Place where businesses frequent
Market center
54
What is irredentism?
Annex territory tied to the country that is annexing
The policy that countries should never be nation-states
The policy that enables immigration
Bans on immigration via physical boundaries
55
Which of the following is correct regarding boundary disputes?
Operational: How the boundary should function
Locational: Interpretation of location
Allocational: Conflict over resources
Definitional: Centers around legal issue/language of treaty
56
What is synonymous with a CBD?
Area in a city with the highest population density
Area with plentiful markets
Central place
Downtown
57
Rural settlements are either
Isolated or Dense
Clustered or Dispersed
Dense or Clustered
Dispersed or Isolated
58
What are the two types of clustered rural settlements?
Circular and Linear
Dense and Isolated
Dense and Circular
Linear and Dense
59
What is a primate city?
City that is >2x the population of the second largest city
City that follows the rank-size rule
City that is 3x or more in population than any other city
City that has a high population density
60
What are the two kinds of local government fragmentation in North America?
Miami-Dade, Toronto
Federations & Consolidation of local governments
Supreme Court & Local Courts
Municipalities & Joint (city+country) Operations
61
All of the following are transportation epochs except
Satellite-Electronic-Jet Propulsion (1970-Present)
Sail-Wagon (1790-1830), Steel Rail (1870-1920)
Iron Horse (1830-1870), Auto-Air-Amenity (1920-1970)
Airplane (1950-Present)
62
What does public housing (Concentric Zone Model) in Houston suggest?
Houston is fortifying its CBD
Houston neighborhoods are being gentrified
Houston is experiencing outward expansion
Houston is having more people move slightly outside the CBD
63
Which of these is correct?
Compact: Equidistant, Elongated: Long, Prorupted: Extended
Compact: Small, Elongated: Long, Prorupted: Extended
Compact: Small, Elongated: Narrow, Prorupted: Disruption
Compact:Narrow, Elongated:Discontinuous, Prorupted:Enveloped
64
What are the three types of boundaries?
Economic, Social, Political
Political, Cultural, Geometric
Cultural, Geometric, Physical
Political, Physical, Disputed
65
All of the following are the three key elements for sustainable development except
Increase of water usage
Increase in renewable energy use
CCS
Decrease of nonrenewable energy use
66
Which service has the most employment in the U.S., as of 2019?
Economic
Business
Consumer
Public
67
Where was the Roman Empire centralized around? (Think about the actual territory)
Rome, Georgia
The Mediterranean Sea
Spain
The Alps
68
All of the following are factors of ranking global cities except
Population, Supranational Organization HQs
Communications, Infrastructure
Economic, Political
Culture, Transport
69
What is an example of a nonbasic business?
A company in Palo Alto exporting cars to Europe and China
A restaurant opening a single location in Houston
A company in Shenzhen exporting items to the United States
A New York Amazon HQ delivering all across the world
70
What type of boundary would the U.S.--Canada border be? (45th & 49th parallel, 141st meridian)
Physical
Geometric
Political
Cultural
71
What do Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) include?
Urbanized population of 50,000+
The county in which the city is located in
All of the Above
Adjacent counties w/ many residents working in the city
72
All of the following are consumer services in CBDs except
Hotels
Retailers with low thresholds
Retailers with high ranges
Retailers serving people who work in CBDs
73
What is public housing?
Consumer services in CBDs
Govt owned services lent out to the public
Govt owned housing to low income individuals
Housing built for U.S. citizens
74
What is threshold?
Minimum number of people needed for a service to survive
The number of people living in the hinterland
A wooden stick
Maximum number of people that can reside in a space
75
All of the following are examples of public services in CBDs except
Courts
Government agencies
Schools
City Hall
76
What does the density gradient state?
More people gravitate towards outer areas
Cities grow against population density
# of people increase as distance from CBD increases
# of houses/land unit lowers as distance from CBD increases
77
All of the following can be used to control vehicles except
Bans
Congestion charges
Tolls
Blowing them up
78
All of the following differentiate URBAN settlements from rural settlements except
Social Heterogenity
High Density
Prominent Primary Sector
Large
79
Which countries are the supplements of terrorists?
Iraq and Afghanistan
Iraq and Iran
Syria and Pakistan
Syria and Iraq
80
Why are offshore services attractive to businesses?
Low/No Taxes & High Privacy
Low wages, English
Far from mainlands, Circumvents taxes
Financial Security & Outsourcing
81
What is smart growth?
Growth that combats suburban sprawl and preserves farmland
Growth that prioritizes combating climate change
Annexing territories to prioritize growth
Growth that is very smart
82
All of the following are business services in global cities except
Financial Institutions
Supranational Organization Headquarters
Corporation HQs
Professional Services (ie. CherryGoat)
83
What is sprawl?
Size of urban areas
Comparing the MSA to the CSA
The size of a city
Development of low-density suburbs incongruent with the city
84
Why does the Central Place Theory use hexagons?
Squares don't lock together
Hexagons are almost equidistant and also lock together
Circles aren't equidistant from the center
All of the Above
85
All of the following are megalopolises except
Beihaikong (Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong)
Bosnywash (Boston, NYC, Washington D.C.)
German Ruhr (Düsseldorf, Dortmund, Essen)
Tokaido (Tokyo, Yokohama)
86
What is the rank-size rule?
n = 1/n
nth largest settlement is 1/n of largest
1/n
n = largest settlement, 1/n = smallest settlement
87
What is range?
The difference between the largest and smallest values
Frequency of CBDs
Maximum distance people are willing to go to get to a place
The spatial distribution of buildings inside a CBD
88
What is a service?
An activity that exchanges a want/need for money
Help
Something done for no money
What a servant practices
89
All of the following are hardships for the underclass except
Drugs & Crime
Poverty & Lack of job skills
Flimsy institutions & No Police Enforcement
Homelessness & Inadequate Services
90
What is the difference between an enclave and an exclave?
Enclave: Surrounded Territory, Exclave: Separated Territory
Enclave: Same Country, Exclave: Different Country
Enclave: Different Country, Exclave: Same Country
Enclave: Separated Territory, Exclave: Surrounded Territory
91
Who created the following model?
All of the above
Ullman
Harris
92
What is an autocracy?
Power to the People
Mix
Power to One Ruler
None of the Above
93
What is a zoning ordinance?
Law that bans segregation based on race, sex, ethnicity, etc
Law that zones people to certain schools
Law that limits land use and population density
Law that states where zip codes are
94
What is gentrification?
When a culture is assimilated
When colleges take an area and turn it into college towns
When a certain number of people are driven out of a place
When an urban area is transformed from low to middle income
95
All of these were former U.S.S.R states except
Ukraine
Finland
Kazakhstan
Georgia
96
What type of boundary is the UK and Ireland (on the actual island of Ireland)?
Ethnic
Physical
Political
Religious
97
What is a nation-state?
Extremely rare in the world
A country in which a particular ethnicity envelops the state
All of the Above
Japan
98
What is significant about the number of large urban settlements and global growth patterns?
They have an inverse relationship because of suburbanization
People migrate towards urban areas, causing rural growth
They are both higher in developing countries than developed
They are highest in North America
99
When did the U.N. greatly increase its membership?
1970
1960
All of the Above
1995
100
What is important about the models (CZM, Sector, MZM) in developing countries?
They are completely useless
They must be altered to work
There is nothing of significance
They were based on LDCs, so they work best in them
101
What was significant about Europe in 1924?
It was right after WWII
BMW was founded
1924 Europe started to resemble modern-day Europe
It was in the middle of the Industrial Revolution
102
All of the following are colonies except
Philippines
Greenland
Hong Kong
Puerto Rico
103
What is the definition of settlement?
A state
A city
Collection of buildings where people reside, work, etc.
A place where people reside
104
What is a trend regarding terrorism?
It is increasing due to reduced airport security
It is decreasing because of better public knowledge
It is decreasing because of increased security in countries.
It is increasing because of unstable Middle East countries.
105
What is the gravity model?
Pertains inversely to threshold
Predicts the optimal location of a services
Pertains directly to range
None of the Above
106
Which of these is closest to the rank size rule?
1. Berlin - 3.5M, 2. Hamburg - 1.8M, 3. Munich - 1.4M
1. Shanghai - 22M, 2. Beijing - 12M, 3. Tianjin - 11M
1. Mumbai - 12M, 2. Delhi - 11M, 3 - Bangalore - 8M
1. New York - 9M, 2. LA - 4M, Chicago - 2.7M, Houston - 2.3M
107
What is redlining?
When banks lend money only to people inside certain lines
When cars explode
When banks don't lend money to people in certain drawn lines
When murders increase from a previous year
108
All of the following are the major reasons for European colonialism except
To feel more powerful
To promote Christianity
To gain more territory for the good of the country
To extract resources and serve as capital markets
109
What is a frontier?
The area which no state exercises complete political control
Another name for a boundary
Areas in the world with disputed boundaries
Kashmir, Ukraine
110
What have been suburban patterns in the United States? (Answers are in terms of population)
They have ceased expansion as the U.S. is in Stage 5 (DTM)
They grew by 30% in 50 years
They have increased due to increased migration eastward
They have been decreasing due to urbanization
111
What were the two military alliances created after WWII?
NATO, EU
EU, COMECON
EU, Warsaw Pact
Warsaw Pact, NATO
112
What is significant about the Fertile Crescent?
It was the hearth of many successful empires
It had plentiful oil reserves used by Saudi Arabia
It was a catalyst for the agricultural revolution
It allowed for the development of countries like The Gambia
113
What is an example of a basic business?
Mercedes-Benz primarily exporting cars to the United States.
BMW primarily selling its cars in Munich.
Dell primarily selling computers in Austin.
Samsung primarily selling their phones in Seoul.
114
What is sovereignty?
Lockdown of resources in a country
Disagreement in terms of borders
Independence from external control of internal affairs
Independence from colonial powers
115
Who created the following model?
Burgess
Harris
Hoyt
Ullman
116
What is significant about Mexico City's Concentric Zones?
Mexico's economy is beginning to stagnate
Mexico has ceased expansion
Mexico City is facing heavy congestion
Most expansion involves informal settlements in outer rings.
117
What can be inferred about the models (CZM, Sector, MNM) when comparing Paris to Houston?
Houston is a better city to live in
They correlate better in Houston
People make more in Houston
Paris has definite models
118
All of these are dimensions of urbanization except
% of people living in urban settlements
# of people living in urban settlements/1,000,000
Number of people living in urban settlements
119
What are the two sanctuaries of terrorism?
Pakistan and Afghanistan
Iraq and Syria
Syria and Afghanistan
Iraq and Libya