Dynamic Crust Review

Question 1

Scientists have inferred the structure of Earth's interior mainly by analyzing

Accepted Answer

Earth's seismic data

Question 2

Which type of tectonic plate boundary is found between the South American Plate and the Scotia Plate?

Accepted Answer

transform

Question 3

What best describes Earth's crust?

Accepted Answer

It is made up of the continental and oceanic plates.

Question 4

Which element is most abundant in Earth's lithosphere?

Accepted Answer

oxygen

Question 5

In which Earth layer are most convection currents that cause sea floor spreading thought to be located?

Accepted Answer

asthenosphere

Question 6

According to tectonic plate maps, New York State is presently located

Accepted Answer

near the center of a large plate

Question 7

Alternating parallel bands of normal and reversed magnetic polarity are found in the basaltic bedrock on either side

Accepted Answer

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Question 8

The actual temperature at the boundary between the stiffer mantle and the outer core is estimated to be approximately

Accepted Answer

5000°C

Question 9

The movement of tectonic plates is inferred by many scientists to be driven by

Accepted Answer

convection currents in the asthenosphere

Question 10

Why is Earth's outer core inferred to be a liquid?

Accepted Answer

P-waves are transmitted through the outer core, but S-waves are not.

Question 11

A huge undersea earthquake on the Alaskan coastline could produce a

Accepted Answer

tsunami

Question 12

Which mantle hot spot is located directly below a mid-ocean ridge plate boundary?

Accepted Answer

Iceland

Question 13

When parts of the crust are being pulled down into the earth

Accepted Answer

subduction

Question 14

Through which materials can P-waves travel?

Accepted Answer

solid rock, magma, water, and natural gas

Question 15

Which is not an example of plate movement of Earth's crust.

Accepted Answer

erosion

Question 16

Once a tsunami warning is issued, which action should residents of Crescent City take to prevent loss of life?

Accepted Answer

evacuate to higher ground

Question 17

The edges of most lithospheric plates are characterized by

Accepted Answer

frequent volcanic activity

Question 18

A strong earthquake that occurs on the ocean floor could result in the formation of

Accepted Answer

a tsunami

Question 19

The crustal plates of Earth move due to being dragged along with

Accepted Answer

convection currents in the mantle.

Question 20

The ______ is the layer of the Earth under the crust.

Accepted Answer

mantle

Question 21

What is the direct cause of most earthquakes?

Accepted Answer

movement of bedrock along a fault line

Question 22

Which two mantle hot spots are located at mid-ocean ridges?

Accepted Answer

Iceland and Yellowstone

Question 23

Antarctica's location and climate changed over the last 200 million years because Antarctica moved

Accepted Answer

southward, resulting in a colder climate

Question 24

What is a hotspot volcano?

Accepted Answer

A volcano that occurs far away from a plate boundary

Question 25

The observed difference in density between continental crust and oceanic crust is most likely due to their different...

Accepted Answer

composition

Question 26

Which two features are commonly found at divergent plate boundaries?

Accepted Answer

mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys

Question 27

Which observation about the Mid-Atlantic Ridge region provides the best evidence that the sea floor has been spreading?

Accepted Answer

Sea floor bedrock is younger near the ridge and older farther away.

Question 28

A divergent plate boundary creates

Accepted Answer

a Mid-Ocean ridge

Question 29

What usually causes tsunamis?

Accepted Answer

undersea earthquakes

Question 30

Convergent plates....

Accepted Answer

collide towards each other

Question 31

An earthquake's magnitude can be determined by

Accepted Answer

analyzing the seismic waves recorded by a seismograph

Question 32

Compared to continental crust, oceanic crust is

Accepted Answer

more dense, more mafic, and thinner

Question 33

Which feature is commonly formed at a plate boundary where oceanic crust converges with continental crust?

Accepted Answer

an ocean trench

Question 34

What is occurring at the Southeast Indian Ridge?

Accepted Answer

New oceanic crust is forming.

Question 35

Compared to oceanic crust, continental crust is generally

Accepted Answer

older and thicker

Question 36

Which statement best explains why no S-waves were received directly from this earthquake at some seismic stations?

Accepted Answer

An interior Earth layer absorbs S-waves.

Question 37

At which plate boundary is one lithospheric plate sliding under another?

Accepted Answer

Nazca Plate and Pacific Plate

Question 38

What happens to P-waves and S-waves from a crustal earthquake when the waves reach Earth's outer core?

Accepted Answer

S-waves cannot pass through the outer core., P-waves can pass through the outer core.

Question 39

Which two tectonic plates are separated by a mid-ocean ridge?

Accepted Answer

Indian-Australian and Pacific

Question 40

As the distance from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge increases, the age of the ocean floor surface bedrock

Accepted Answer

increases, only

Question 41

The presence of coal in Antarctica indicates that

Accepted Answer

Antarctica's climate was once warmer

Question 42

What causes the crustal plates of the earth to move?

Accepted Answer

convection currents in the mantle

Question 43

What happens at a divergent plate boundary?

Accepted Answer

Rift Valleys

Question 44

A seismic station recorded the P-waves, but no S-waves, from an earthquake because S-waves were

Accepted Answer

absorbed by Earth's outer core

Question 45

The Hawaiian Islands were formed as a result of

Accepted Answer

an oceanic plate moving over a mantle hot spot

Question 46

The formation of the Canary Islands was primarily caused by their location near a

Accepted Answer

mantle hot spot

Question 47

In which area of Earth's interior is the pressure most likely to be 2.5 million atmospheres?

Accepted Answer

inner core

Question 48

Which geologic events occur most often at this mid-oceanic ridge plate boundary?

Accepted Answer

earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

Question 49

Which mantle hot spot is correctly matched to its overlying tectonic plate?

Accepted Answer

Yellowstone Hot Spot—North American Plate

Question 50

Active volcanoes are most abundant along the

Accepted Answer

edges of tectonic plates

Question 51

Which of these describes a divergent plate boundary?

Accepted Answer

Continental plates moving away from each other

Question 52

Convection currents in the plastic mantle are believed to cause divergence of lithospheric plates at the

Accepted Answer

Iceland Hot Spot

Question 53

Which geologic feature is composed of the youngest crustal bedrock?

Accepted Answer

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Dynamic Crust Review

Questions 53

Dynamic Crust Review

Questions 53