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Psychology of Physical Activity and Health Flashcards | StudBud
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Psychology of Physical Activity and Health
Psychology of Physical Activity and Health
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#Sport Psychology #sport #exercise #motivation
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Questions
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Answers
1
Which of these are not Organisational stressors?
Factors intrinsic to the sport & Roles of the sport
Relationships & Organisational structure
Career and performance development issues
Expectations and opponents
2
Which of these are not a psychological response of stress?
Worry, apprehension
Muscle tension
Negative images
Negative cognitions
3
Attribution theory
is the theory and research on the psychology of explanation
True
False
4
What are the 6 moods in the Profile of Mood States?
Tension, depression, anger, vigour, fatigue and confusion
Tension, depression, anxiety, vigour, fatigue and confusion
Tension, depression, anger, sad, fatigue and confusion
Excited, depression, anger, vigour, fatigue and confusion
5
Do Athlete differ from non-athlete?
True
False
6
Proportion of adults reporting 4 hours or less sitting time per day
True
False
7
Motivation is...
an entity (like emotion) but not a process
not an entity (like emotion) but a process
8
MTT stands for...
Mental Toughness Trial
Mental Toughness Teaching
Mental Toughness Team
Mental Toughness Training
9
'Physical activity for health' does not cover which of the following issue?
Motivation
Correlates of physical activity
Exercise as medical treatment for clinical disorders
Applied technique
10
Mental Toughness and Decision Making: features of Low Mental Toughness would be...
Emotional decision making
All is true
Focused on summit & Focused on own goals
Now or never and Dwell on failure
11
Task goals - success is evaluated in terms of personal improvement/task mastery
True
False
12
Analysis is using information gathered to make a decision e.g. whom to pass to
True
False
13
What does the acronym ‘TARGET’ stand for?
Task/Authority/Recognition/ Grouping/Evaluation/Time
Task/Authority/Recognition/ Grouping/Effort/Time
Task/Authority/Record/ Grouping/Evaluation/Time
14
What was the first sport psychology study on and by who?
Motivation (1895) & by Patrick Smiths
Self-confidence in performance (1900) & by Howard Dobie
Social facilitation (1898) & by Norman Triplett
Anxiety in sport ( 1899) & by James Kerr
15
Longitudinal studies link physical activity at middle age to cognitive decline in old age
True
False
16
Process goals
are...
Controllable
Short term
All of them relate to process goals
Task-focused, and refers to execution of skills
17
Short-term success: single game success cannot be predicted by personality scores
False
True
18
Which of these interfere with Confidence?
All of them interfere with Confidence
Coaching, pressure and expectation
Psychological factors and athlete specific factors
Poor performance, injury/fitness and poor preparation
19
Scanning is searching the environment looking for relevant cue
False
True
20
Which mood is the highest among these in the Profile of Mood States?
Vigour
Anger
Tension
Depression
21
The 4C Model: Control your ability to control the environment after unsuccessful performances
True
False
22
Positive statements help with...
Correcting bad habits and Focusing attention
All of them are correct
Building self-confidence
Learning new skills
23
SE can be a strong predictor of physical activity in long-term maintenance
True
False
24
What is Coleman Robert Griffith known for? 2 answers
Sport Psychology at Harvard University
Exercise Psychology at Harvard University
Coaching (1926) & Athletics (1928)
Sport psychologist for the Chicago Cubs
25
What does a psychologist do in the Research Role?
To perform private practice
To assess and guide individuals
To deliver courses
Develop theories and to better understand psychology
26
Imagery...
is the ability to create or recreate experiences in the mind
enhances motor control/regulates emotions/fuels motivation
is not only ‘seeing’ the action, but also focusing on sounds
All are true about Imagery
27
The “hot hand” phenomenon claims...
Greater chance of successful shot if u r successful previous
Less change of successful shot if u r success previous
Less change of unsuccessful shot if u r successful previous
28
Vicarious Experiences
– watching others perform can build confidence in own abilities
False
True
29
Amotivation
is when individuals see no change between their actions and the end result
True
False
30
Upward counterfactuals
is...
thoughts about how things went good
thoughts about you did your best
thoughts about how things could have gone better
31
After age 18, genes largely explain sport participation (85%). Environment no longer contribute
False
True
32
Observation/Performance outcomes/Self-report/Self-evaluation are measurement for concentration
True
False
33
Emotions may have positive or negative consequences depending on the characteristics of task
False
True
34
Which of the following is not true about Concentration?
One of the most important Psychological skills in sport
ability to focus mental effort on what is most important
Regarded as separate to attention
Ignoring irrelevant information
35
Team norms positively correlated with team cohesion & negatively correlated with social loafing
True
False
36
Physical activity can also influence SE by acting as a source of efficacy information
True
False
37
Red DOES NOT signals dominance and aggression
True
False
38
A goal is attaining a specific level of proficiency, or a conscious effort toward a task
True
False
39
Anger and tension in
POMS
facilitative in some studies, debilitative in other studies
True
False
40
Sport performance does not cover which of the following issue?
Self-confidence
Aggression and violence
Exercise addiction
Group dynamics
41
Is ‘personality similarity’ linked to team success?
True
False
42
Motivational Climate -
the situational goal structure operating in an achievement context
True
False
43
In adults which of these DO NOT moderately correlate with PhysicaL Activity
Positive mood and Income, education (socioeconomic factors)
Enjoyment o Expected benefits o
All of them moderately correlate with Physical Activity
Sex and Age
44
IZOF
is somewhat successful in predicting performance, but difficult to test
False
True
45
Conscientiousness marks those who are punctual/organised from those who are lazy/careless
True
False
46
Outcome goals
are...
Long(er) term
All of them
Results-focused
Uncontrollable
47
Clinical, or major depression is the world’s No. 1 mental disorder. Which of these is also true
the 4th most disabling condition behind heart disease
the 3rd most disabling condition behind heart disease
the 2nd most disabling condition behind heart disease
48
PST stands for...
Personal Skill Training
Psychological Skill Training
Physical Skill Training
Private Skill Training
49
Which of these are not a physical response of stress?
Increased calmness
Increased heart rate
Increasing breathing rate
Muscle tension
50
Negative instructions from a coach like don’t drop the ball can cause Hyperaccessibility
True
False
51
The concept when teams stick together in pursuit of its goal and/or satisfaction
Team Cohesion
Team Bonding
Team Togetherness
52
The component Shifting attentional focus
is about
changing concentration
when necessary
False
True
53
Injury, errors, performance, fitness, training, opponent and competition are common stressors
False
True
54
External attentional focus is...
directing attention outward to an object e.g. ball in soccer
directing attention inward to thought and feelings
looking at one to two things
analysing plays without having to perform
55
Reinvestment hypothesis DOES NOT debilitate performance
True
False
56
There is a significant interplay between physical and psychological response of stress
False
True
57
Facial expressions for blind and sighted athletes were indistinguishable
True
False
58
Increased arousal/anger result in aggression only when socially learned cues are present
True
False
59
Cognitive-specific
is imaging specific sport skills
True
False
60
Which of these are not in the Five Concentration Principles?
Specific, relevant & under control
One thought at a time
Focus on technique
Intentional mental effort & preparation
61
Self-talk is NOT more effective when learning a new skill compared with refining an skill
True
False
62
Causal Attribution
is
refers to typical attributional patterns (trait attribution)
causes/reasons people give related to themselves or others
63
Motivational-general arousal
is NOT imaging feelings of associated with arousal and stress
True
False
64
An organised psycho-physiological reaction to ongoing relationships with the environment is...
Emotions (Relational)
Emotional focused
Secondary appraisal
Problem focused
65
Immense stressors that professional athletes face are...
All of them are immense stressors
Training schedules, injuries,
Poor performance, being dropped
Moving cities, weather, referees
66
Personality changes over the lifespan
False
True
67
Theory of Planned Behaviour
suggests intention is determined largely by one’s...
attitudes, social norms and motivation
power, social norms and behavioural control
attitudes, social norms and behavioural control
68
Music is a good source for...
All of them
Concentration and Learning
Mood and arousal regulation
Movement(flow)
69
Participants betted significantly greater amounts of money....
against opponents that behaved nervously and dressed poorly
for opponents that behaved nervously and dressed poorly
70
Which of these are NOT in the three needs of the
Self-Determination Theory?
Relatedness - Feeling connected to significant others
Autonomy - Feeling free to choose one’s own behaviour
Competence - Interacting effectively with the environment
Engagement - interacting with peers
71
Hypnosis
is successful in building self-efficacy in athletes
True
False
72
Which of these are CORRECT about
Mastery climate?
coach emphasis effort/personal improvement/skill development
coach emphasis on winning and public evaluation
73
What does a psychologist do in the Teaching Role?
Provide athletes with 1 on 1 coaching
Develop a sport psychology program
Educate why athletes should take longer holidays
Deliver courses and develop awareness of sport psychology
74
Self-Confidence
is one's judgements of their capabilities to organise and execute performance
True
False
75
Which of these are NOT in the Five strategies for controlling Emotions?
Evaluating factors
Replacement of negative self-statements w/ positive/neutral
Creating images (in the mind)
Personal goals grounded
76
Primary appraisal
is concerned with the relevance of a stimulus to a person’s well being
False
True
77
Mood DOES NOT define attributes such as facial expressions
False
True
78
Intrinsic motivation (IM) is doing something because of the inherent satisfaction it brings
False
True
79
What are the four components in the
Dimensions of Role Ambiguity?
Scope of responsibilities and Role behaviours
All are components
Role consequences
Role evaluation
80
Thoughts, feelings, anxiety and pain can cause distraction to our Internal Focus
True
False
81
Perceptions of anxiety DOES NOT differ between high and low athletes
False
True
82
Ideal Group Size:
Approximately 25% above ideal is considered “too large”
True
False
83
Ideal Group Size:
Approximately 25% below ideal is considered “too small”
False
True
84
Which of these are NOT a condition that leads to Choking?
Important competition
Critical plays in a competition
Evaluation by coaches/peers/parents
Training
85
Exercise addiction
is a disorder characterised by regular and excessive physical activity
False
True
86
Specifying Performance Goal
is having clear idea & the specific actions required to achieve it
False
True
87
Beneficial effects of external focus have been shown in soccer/basketball/darts and more sports
True
False
88
The component Maintaining attentional focus is about maintaining concentration over time
False
True
89
Team-serving bias
is attributing post. outcomes to factors within team & neg. outside the team
True
False
90
Fewer fouls will be awarded against the home team because of the noise in the crowd
False
True
91
Which perspective relates to Imagery?
Both are perspective relating to Imagery
External: looking at an actor/ourselves as a spectator
Internal: within ourselves
92
Mental Toughness w/ experience is positive but MT w/ inexperience, that’s a recipe for disaster
False
True
93
The Profile of Mood States is the most highly predictive measure of athletic success
True
False
94
Positive and negative emotions link to locus of causality. Which of these are CORRECT?
Failure>internal attribution>more negative affect
1 and 2 are correct
Success>internal attribution>more positive affect
Success/failure>internal attribution>performance
95
Downward counterfactuals
is...
thoughts about how things went good
thoughts about how things could have gone better
thoughts about how things could have been worse
96
What is the equation for
Group Productivity?
Potential Productivity= Actual Productivity - Process Losses
Actual Productivity= Potential Productivity - Process Losses
97
Performance goals
are...
Both of them relate to performance goals
Medium term & Influenceable
One’s actual performance levels in relation to own standards
98
Specifying performance goal, pre-performance routines, trigger words and mental practice are...
techniques for Training
techniques for Concentration
techniques for Performing
techniques for Learning
99
What are the two components of Appraisal (cognitive)?
Primary and secondary appraisal
Primary and Knowledge
Control and balance
Closeness and Openness
100
Distraction theories claims task-irrelevant thoughts and worries can cause Choking
True
False
101
Which of these is true about Mental Toughness and Sport/Exercise?
All is true
Greater levels of optimism and approach-based coping
Increased occurrence of risk-taking behaviour
Lower of burnout rate & Less related to emotional responses
102
Social Learning Theory
explains aggression as behaviour people learn through observing others
False
True
103
Physical Inactivity
men have lower death rate than women
False
True
104
Verbal persuasion & social support Increases self-efficacy and physical activity
True
False
105
Sport performers DO NOT fixate on threatening information in the environment when worrying
True
False
106
Which of these is not a type of of coping (motivational)?
Emotion focused
Avoidance
Problem focused
Skill/technique focused
107
Group Status:
factors achieved by the person held the greatest importance for status
False
True
108
Which of these are NOT a barrier for Physical Activity (Adults)?
Injury
No time and need time to rest
Money
Not the sport type
109
Which of these are NOT factors of
Delivery and monitoring?
Monitor any effects or progress
Monitor the expectations of the client
Engage, interact and play with them
110
Lowering self-confidence slightly can increase performance
True
False
111
In women with depression, exercise increased the odds of resolving depression by 54%
True
False
112
Physiological States
is the weakest source of efficacy information
True
False
113
Broad attentional focus is...
Directs attention outward to an object
focusing to multiple things at a given time
paying focus inward to thought and feelings
Respond to only one or two cues
114
Higher rates of SE have been correlated with more physical activity
True
False
115
40% of adults are physical inactive worldwide
True
False
116
Self-serving bias
is attributing positive and negative events to...
your own = positive and external factors = negative
your own = negative and external factors = positive
117
Change hypothesis is...
people take part in activities that suit their personality
partaking in activity that helps develop certain personality
118
Social Loafing
states motivational losses occurs because group members tend to rely...
more heavily on other group members as group size increases
less heavily on other group members as group size increases
119
Confusion, fatigue and depression in
POMS
are NOT associated with poor performance
False
True
120
Which one is NOT included in the
Psychological structure of the group?
Norm - expectation for the behaviour considered appropriate
Role - expectation of an individual in a specific position
Status - the amount of prestige or importance possessed
Size - expectation of the ideal size number
121
Narrow attentional focus is...
when you direct attention outward to an object
when you respond to multiple cues
when you respond to only one or two cues
when you don't respond at all
122
Cognitive functioning is best defined as:
intelligence, the ability to reason quickly and abstractly
Both of them
cognitive skills of concentration and attention
123
Which of these are CORRECT about Decision Making?
The consequences of the judgement
Both are correct
Involve choosing among alternatives and consequences
124
How many Imagery types are there?
7
4
5
3
125
Climate has a powerful effect on behaviour. Which of these are CORRECT?
Greater levels of effort and enjoyment in mastery
Both are correct
Lower levels of effort/enjoyment/satisfaction in performance
126
Anxiety DOES NOT disrupts attention
False
True
127
In adults subjective (social) norm and Neighbourhood DO NOT correlate with Physical Activity
False
True
128
Intrasender is conflict from expectations by one member e.g. coach. Is there more?
Interrole conflict- expectations from two or more role sets
Person-role- Role are conflict w/ individuals motives/values
Intersender- expectations from 2 individuals e.g. coaches)
All of them are conflicts
129
Which of these are INCORRECT?
89 out of every 1000 people use antidepressants
Australian use of anti-depressants tripled
Australian use of anti-depressants doubled
130
Aggression
is any form of behaviour towards harming or injuring another living being
False
It is physical and verbal form of behaviour
True
131
Ego goals - success is evaluated in terms of demonstrating competence/superiority over others
True
False
132
What are the Four types of Attention?
Broad, Narrow, External and Close
Broad, Internal, Wide and Near
Narrow, Internal, External and Near
Broad, Narrow, Internal and External
133
Choosing an Intervention
is based on Case formulation and which 2 other factors?
Evidence-based practice and Professional judgement
Education-based practice and Professional judgement
134
Preparation is when people have taken small steps in order to begin the behaviour
True
False
135
Verbal Persuasion
- support from coaches predicts self-efficacy levels in team/individual sport
False
True
136
Personality measures in youth predict progression to professional sport
Agree
To a certain extent
Disagree
137
In childhood, self-esteem & body image DO NOT correlated with Physical Activity
True
False
138
What does one's inability to cope with stressors do to them?
Increased injury and burnout
Decreased performance and satisfaction
Increase withdrawal/cessation of career
All of them
139
The 4C Model: Challenge is viewing failure as a challenge and a mechanism for improvement
True
False
140
Opponent's body language can determine whether we're confident in our ability to beat others
True
Fasle
141
In childhood there is a strong correlation with Physical Activity and ...
Sex
Age
Both
142
Suppression of emotions may cause people to perform worse on cognitive tasks
True
False
143
Contemplation is when people intend to start the behaviour in the near future
True
False
144
Secondary appraisal is evaluating certain factors and deciding how you're going to respond
True
False
145
Changes in cerebral blood flow & brain structure explain
the connection between exercise and motivation
the connection between exercise and cognitive functioning
146
The 4C Model: Commitment is being extremely committed to achieving one’s goals
True
False
147
Home advantage is not evident in sports objective scored (e.g. tennis)
False
True
148
External focus is more effective for performance and learning
True
False
149
Termination is the 5th stage in the Transtheoretical model
False
True
150
With audience – extraverts outperforms introverts
True
False
151
High efficacious individuals tend to seek out new challenges
False
True
152
Instructional self-talk is NOT more effective in fine task than motivational self-talk
False
True
153
Affect...
is subjective feeling that can be pleasant or unpleasant
All of them are related to Affect
is often used synonymously with “emotion”
emotions are together to reflect positive & negative affect
154
Low agreeableness best is the predictor of exercise addiction
True
False
155
The Primary Effect
claims...
there's negative impression when favourable words are first
the order of the words do not effect impressions
there's positive impression when favourable words are first
156
Which of these are the four components of the Self-Efficacy Theory?
Mastery, Vicarious, Verbal Persuasion & Physical States
Master, Vicarious, Verbal Persuasion & Physiological States
Control, Vicarious, Verbal Persuasion & Physiological States
Mastery, Vicarious, Verbal Persuasion & Physiological States
157
Strategies to enhance Mastery experiences are…
Achieving goals, Mastery rehearsal and Performance logs
Setting goals, Mental rehearsal and Performance logs
Achieving goals, mental rehearsal and Training schedules
Achieving goals, Mental rehearsal and Performance logs
158
Motivational-specific
is NOT imaging individual goals (e.g. winning a medal)
False
True
159
The Gamblers Fallacy concept claims...
if something happens more, it will happen less in the future
if something doesn't happen, it won't happen in the future
if something happens, it will happen again in the future
None of these are correct
160
The 4C Model: Confidence strong belief that allows you to overcome negative experiences
False
True
161
Positive self-talk is a great strategy to enhance Verbal Persuasion
False
True
162
What does
IZOF
stand for?
Individual Zones of Openness Functioning
Individual Zoning of Optimal Functioning
Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning
Interactive Zones of Optimal Functioning
163
What is the order of the 6 moods in the Profile of Mood States?
Vigour, anger, tension, depression, fatigue and confusion
Confusion, depression, anger, vigour, fatigue and Tension
Tension, depression, anger, vigour, fatigue and confusion
Tension, anger, depression, vigour, fatigue and confusion
164
Physical activity (PA) and cognitive functioning have shown that improvement in...
cognitive performance/classroom behaviour
cognitive performance/classroom behaviour/academic success
165
When faced with stressful stimuli, low efficacious individuals tend to give up
True
False
166
Cognitive-general
is
imaging game plans, successful strategies, routines
True
False
167
If the word "BLUE" is printed in a red colour, you should say "RED" is an example of the...
Colour Test
Stroop Test
Beep Test
None of them
168
The component Situational awareness is ability to understand what is going on around oneself
False
True
169
In adults self-efficacy and Health status have strong correlation with Physical Activity
No
It hasn't been proven
Yes
170
Which of these is NOT a reason children/adolescence dropout of Physical Activity?
Feelings of embarrassment
Perceptions of competence
Need time for other things
Money and Support from significant others
171
Reduced flexibility, narrow and internal focus are attentional changes that cause Choking
False
True
172
What is the difference between sport psychology and exercise psychology?
Sport looks at principles in a non-performance setting
Exercise looks at principles in a competitive sport setting
Sport= competitive setting/exercise= non-performance setting
Exercise and sport psychology deal with the same areas
173
Personality predicts athletic behaviour (coping strategies used in competition)
True
False
174
Moods defines attributes such as facial expressions, and specific patterns are absent
False
True
175
Sedentary is defined as behaviour characterised by an energy expenditure of ≤ 1.5 METS
True
False
176
Referees are more likely to make a decision (foul) if the team has a bad reputation
True
False
177
What are three Dimensions of Personality?
Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness
Extraversion, Agreeableness, Closeness
Neuroticism, Openness, Speechless
Agreeableness, Openness, Excitement
178
What happens to Cognitive and Somatic anxiety leading up to a competition?
Nothing happens both remain the same
Cognitive increases and Somatic increases
Cognitive decreases and Somatic increases
Cognitive decreases and Somatic decreases
179
Which of these are NOT a performance impairment that leads to Choking
Communication with team members
Timing and coordination breakdown
Muscle tightness and fatigue
Rushing and inability to attend to task-relevant cues
180
What does a psychologist do in the Consultancy Role?
Have lunch with their patient
Develop eating plans for their patient
Has a private practice
Develop a workout plan for their patient
181
Mood involves more durable feeling states
True
False
182
The Dangers of Mental Toughness are...
Over-competitive/not knowing when to give up
All are dangers of Mental Toughness
Avoid doctors and persist too long/endanger self and others
Selective attention to justify decisions
183
Mental Toughness and Decision Making: features of High Mental Toughness would be...
Sacrifices for others and sees bigger picture
Focused on safe return and Reframe failure
Rational decision making
All is true
184
An emotion is an entity that involves:
A subjective cognitive experience
Bodily arousal
All of them
Characteristic overt expressions
185
Which of these are CORRECT concerning Self-serving bias?
Both are correct
Positive events = Internal attributions for success
Negative events = external attribution for failure
186
Which of these are CORRECT about
Performance climate?
coach emphasis effort/personal improvement/skill development
coach emphasis on winning and public evaluation
187
Self-modelling is personal performances on video with unsuccessful performances edited out
False
True
188
Drive theories
apply concept of homeostasis (state of physiological equilibrium) to behaviour
True
False
189
Coach-athlete relationship, training environment and dairies are strategies for Mental Tough.
False
True
190
Approach coping, calm/in control, focused on task and accepted situation are features of...
Medium Mental Toughness
Low Mental Toughness
High Mental Toughness
Not related to Mental Toughness
191
Mood does not involve relationships with a particular object
True
False
192
Which of these are NOT factors of
Delivery and monitoring?
Perform, instigate or support the activities
Ensure to ask the right questions
Constantly attempt to ensure the best possible overlap
193
‘Correspondence bias’
is when a friend crashes ur car n u blame them, but when u crash...
you blame your parents
you blame the environment
you blame yourself
194
Psychological Skills Training
is...
achieving greater sport/physical activity self-satisfaction
Systematic n consistent prac. of mental/psychological skills
enhancing performance and increasing enjoyment
All of them
195
Achievement Goal Theory
is largely concern with how people construe competence
False
True
196
Personality is individual’s enduring and distinctive patterns of feeling, thinking, & behaving
True
False
197
Researchers should consider two attribution dimensions
Locus of causality-internal/external & Stability-un/stable)
Locus of causality-un/stable & Stability- internal/external
198
If
Dominant Response
is present, social facilitation effects will occur (performance increase)
True
False
199
What is Psychology?
The scientific study of plants and animals
The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes
The scientific study of the moon and sun
The scientific study of why and how people die
200
Which of these is NOT one of the reasons why exercise has a great effect on depression?
Social interaction & Increases in self-esteem through task
All are reasons why exercise is great for depression
Endorphin (increase in plasma endorphins after exercise)
the serotonin hypothesis & changes in cortisol regulation
201
Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance are components of...
Transtheoretical Model
Concentration Model
Self-Efficacy Model
Mental Toughness Model
202
Egocentric (intragroup) bias
one's view of contributing to successes than to group failures
False
True
203
What are the Four components of Concentration?
Control, Selective, Shifting and Calm
Selective, Maintaining, Situational awareness and Shifting
Maintaining, Shifting, Calm and Selective
Situational awareness, Selective, Shifting and Control
204
The more we try to suppress or block a thought, the more we think about that thought is...
Hyperaccessibility’
Concentration
Attentional Focus
Backwards Thinking
205
Moral Atmosphere
athletes view aggressive acts as inapprop. in general but approp. in sport
False
True
206
Mental Practice
– Imaging physical actions enhances both skill acquisition and performance
True
False
207
Primary Appraisal is how the event or interaction will affect you personally
True
False
208
Which of these are NOT a model of Activity Physical?
Thoughts of Planned Behaviour (TPB)
Self-efficacy Theory (SET)
Transtheoretical Model (TTM)
Health Belief Model (HBM)
209
Which of these are not in the Five Concentration Principles?
Anxiety causes negative self-evaluation & ‘hyper-vigilance
One thought at a time
Timing to execute the skill
Concentration is ‘lost’ when focus is on irrelevant factors
210
Cognitive and somatic anxiety relate to performance differently
True
False
211
Environment factors, weather, noise and competitors can cause distraction to our External Focus
False
True
212
China, France, Germany & Holland have highest % of people who walk/cycle to work. What are da %
China (49.1), France (34.9), Germany (30) & Holland (37.9)
China (32), France (34.9), Germany (46.1) & Holland (37.9)
China (46.1), France (34.9), Germany (32) & Holland (37.9)
213
Which of these is INCORRECT about Lane & Terry’s (2009) Conceptual Model?
Moods states interact w/ depression to influence performance
Removed confusion and fatigue & Yet to be critical evaluated
All of them are correct
Derived from POMS and includes calmness and happiness
214
Sport Psychology
is the study and application of psychological principles of human performance
False
True
215
Cognitive and Somatic anxiety DO NOT change during the lead-up to competition
False
True
216
Which of these are not Competitive stressors?
Roles of the sport
Self-Presentation and Opponents
Injury & Expectation (internal/external)
Preparation (mental, physical, technical, tactical)
217
Pre-game Emotions
- Greater happiness and anxiety linked to poor concentration
False
True
218
Group Productivity:
Team A will be more effective than Team B if it has:
approx. equal resources and experiences fewer process losses
greater resources and experiences fewer process losses
greater resources and approximately equal process losses
All of them
219
Chronic exercise of medium intensity shows the largest effect sizes
False
True
220
At ages 13 and 16 environmental largely explain sport participation(78-84%) rather than genes
False
True
221
Attributions fall into two broad categories, what are they?
Within the person (primary) & the environment (secondary)
Within the person (internal) & the environment (external)
222
Self-efficacy relates to both the adoption and maintenance of physical activity.
True
False
223
Conscientiousness and neuroticism predicted objective performance scores over a season
True
False
224
Theory of Planned Behaviour
contends that behaviour is determined by...
other's intention to perform that behaviour
one’s intention to perform that behaviour
225
Self-talk is common among athletes in long-duration sports
True
False
226
Pre-game Emotions
- Greater excitement DOES NOT linked with greater concentration
True
False
227
At age 17-18, genetic influences start to appear (36%), and environment decreases (47%).
False
True
228
Which of these are INCORRECT about
Evolutionary theories?
Motivates of humans (species) is a product of evolution
Tied to incentives
Both of them are correct
229
Cognitive dissonance
is experienced by a person who says sumthin n goes against what they said
False
True
230
Which of these are INCORRECT about Physical Inactivity:
3 Million deaths per year worldwide
Eliminating PH would increase life expectancy by 0.68 years
10% breast/colon cancer, 7% coronary heart /type 2 diabetes
231
Which of the following is not a role of sport and exercise psychology?
Observe Role
Consultancy Role
Research Role
Teaching Role
232
Avoidance coping, in shock/”a daze”, focused on magnitude and emotional are features of...
Medium Mental Toughness
Low Mental Toughness
High Mental Toughness
Not related to Mental Toughness
233
The component selective attention is about selecting what cues to attend to and disregard
True
False
234
Team Cohesion in
Carron et al.’s (!985) Multidimensional Framework
is...
degree to which a group work together to achieve their goals
degree to which a team like each other and enjoy one another
235
The % of Australians that walk/cycle to work is...
6%
3.1%
5%
4.7%
236
Self-Determination Theory
is a theory of motivation concerned with reward structures
False
True
237
Which features make a good Case Formulation?
All of them
Checked/revised and Facilitate reflection/improvement
Contribute to scientific discourse and Increases adherence
Makes us more accountable and Guide ongoing data collection
238
Social Cohesion in
Carron et al.’s (!985) Multidimensional Framework
is...
degree to which a group work together to achieve their goals
degree to which a team like each other and enjoy one another
239
Which of the following is not how athletes differ from non-athletes?
Athletes have greater levels of Closeness
Athletes have greater levels of extraversion
Athletes have lower levels of neuroticism
240
Psychologists often use the term ‘self-efficacy’ to describe ‘self-confidence’.
True
False
241
Counterfactual thinking
is...
the psychology of “if only…”
the psychology of “if i…”
the psychology of “i should…”
242
Which of these are INCORRECT about Clinical Anxiety Disorder?
14% of adult Australians are affected by an anxiety disorder
Roughly 35% of women are receiving treatment
Women are affected more than men (roughly 60% women)
243
Which of these are CORRECT about Team Attributions (
TA
) and Team-referent Attributions (
TRB
)?
TA= The aggregated attributions of team members
Both of them are correct
TRB= Individual’s view of the causes of group performance•
244
Emotion DO NOT have a core-relational theme e.g. Anxiety “facing uncertain/existential threat
False
True
245
Anxiety is NOT the most frequently investigated emotion in sport
False
True
246
Group Roles:
What are the four Categories of roles?
Formal vs Informal roles & Task vs. Social roles
Formation vs Information roles & Task vs. Social roles
247
Pre-contemplation is no intention to change behaviour
True
False
248
The number of people suffering from depression and/or anxiety increased by...
47%, , from 416 million to 615 million
nearly 50%, from 416 million to 615 million
40%, from 416 million to 615 million
249
Vigour in POMS is associated with good performance
False
True
250
Intrinsic Motivation to know
is satisfaction in learning new things. Are they any more type?
IM to feel - being in the zone and be satisfied
IM to accomplish- joy to improve on already learned skills
1 and 3
IM to experience stimulation- enjoy physical activity itself
251
What are the two main types of achievement goals?
Task goals and Ego goals
Task goals and Skill goals
252
Behaviour that challenges the norms & expectations of the group is often referred to as...
Defective
Deviant
253
Proxy efficacy is one’s confidence of a third party to function effectively on one’s behalf
True
False
254
Motivational-general mastery
is imaging being confident and mastering challenging situations
True
False
255
What are the three types of Goals?
Short term, Outcome and Process
Performance, Effect and Process
Outcome, Performance and Process
256
Which of these are CORRECT about home advantage in individual sports?
Evident in both subjectively judged and objectively scored
Evident in subjectively /not evident in objectively
Not evident in subjectively judged (e.g. gymnastics)
Evident in objectively scored (e.g., tennis)
257
What are the four 'C' in The 4C Model by Clough, Earle & Sewell (2012)
Confidence, Control, Conscientiousness and Challenge
Commitment, Calm, Consistent and Challenge
Commitment, Control, Challenge and Confidence
Consistent, Challenge, Confidence and Commitment
258
What is the correct order for these 3 coping elements?
Coping then Emotion then Appraisal
Appraisal then Coping then Emotion
Appraisal then Emotion then Coping
Emotion then Appraisal then Coping
259
Early research focused on four attributions. What are the four?
Attention, Effort, Task difficulty and Skill
Ability, Effort, Task difficulty and Luck
Attention, Engagement, Task difficulty and Skill
Attention, Effort, Task difficulty and Luck
260
Social loafing
can also occur from incorrect judgements about how labour(work) is divided
True
False
261
What are the two Attribution type?
Control attribution and Attention style
Control attribution and Attributional style
Causal attribution and Attributional style
262
In Childhood there is moderate correlation with Physical Activity and...
BMI and Ethnicity
Attitudes toward physical activity
All of them moderately correlate with Physical Activity
Parental physical activity
263
Agreeableness is not important for individual success
True
False
264
Reinvestment hypothesis argue anxiety causes an internal focus of attention
False
True
265
Attributional style
is...
causes/reasons people give related to themselves or others
refers to typical attributional patterns (trait attribution)
266
What are two Dimensions of Personality?
Conscientiousness and Openness
Agreeableness and Engagement
Conscientiousness and Engagement
Engagement and Openness
267
What are two personality types linked to team success
Agreeableness and Openness
Conscientiousness and Agreeableness
Conscientiousness and Openness
Extraversion and Neuroticism
268
Competitors dressed in red are awarded more points than competitors dressed in blue
Yes
No
269
Out of these two, which one is in the Five strategies of controlling Emotions?
Reinterpreting a stimulus
Both of them are strategies to use
Relaxation techniques
270
Both External & Introjected regulation are considered to be controlling or low self-determined
False
True
271
Who was the founding father of Sport Psychology?
Patrick James
Norman Triplett
Howard Dobie
Coleman Robert Griffith
272
Attribution Retraining
is verbally persuading a...
strategy was the certain cause for the outcome
person that a certain cause was responsible for the outcome
273
People’s memory of critical incidents DOES NOT changes over time
True
False
274
Which of these is not correct about Mental Toughness?
Determined, focused, confident, & in control under pressure
Cope better than your opponents with the many demands
Panic and perform poorly
More consistent and better than your opponents
275
What does SMARTs stand for in goal setting?
Skill/Measurable/Action/Realistic,Time/Self-determined
Specific/Measurable/Action/Realistic,Time/Self-determined
276
What are the four types of
Extrinsic Motivation?
Experience, Introjected, Identified & Integrated regulation
External, Introjected, Identified & Integrated regulation
Environment, Introjected, Identified & Integrated regulation
277
Changing cognitive & behavioural efforts to manage the specific internal or external demands is
Mental Toughness
Challenge
Openness
Coping
278
Which of these are NOT a motivation for Physical Activity (Children and adolescents)?
Weight control
Success in competition (winning)
Fun/enjoyment and being with friends
279
Without audience – no difference between the performance of introverts and extraverts
False
True
280
Neuroticism marks those who are emotional stability from those who are emotionally unstable
False
True
281
In adolescence there is moderate correlation with Physical Activity and ...
Subjective (social) norms and Neighbourhood
Perceived competence
Ethnicity and BMI
All of them moderately correlate with Physical Activity
282
POMS
scores accounted for less than 1% of the variance in performance
False
True
283
Strategies to enhance Vicarious experiences are...
Mental rehearsal
Observations of others
Both are strategies to enhance Vicarious experiences
284
What's the difference between Cognitive and Somatic anxiety?
Cognitive is a bell curve/Somatic goes up diagonally (right)
Cognitive goes up diagonally (left)/Somatic is a bell curve
Cognitive goes up diagonally (right)/Somatic is a bell curve
Cognitive is a bell curve/Somatic goes up diagonally (left)
285
Rehearsal is visualising a specific technique or focusing on specific internal sensations
False
True
286
Which of these are Acute exercise Mechanism?
Frontal lobe hypothesis and Cerebral structure
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) & Serotonin and norephinephrine
287
What are three major areas that require philosophical assumptions?
All of them are areas that require philosophical assumptions
The purpose of sport psychology
How do you best change what you are trying to change
How do you understand and influence...
288
Home Advantage has a strong effect in sports subjectively scored (e.g. gymnastics, diving)
True
Fasle
289
Which of these are NOT a barrier for Physical Activity (Children and adolescents)?
Need time to rest
Perceptions of competence and Past experiences in school
Money and Support from significant others
Feeling of embarrassment
290
Adult personality change over...
it doesn't change
7 years
8 years
5 years
291
Openness marks those who are open to new experiences from those who like familiar
True
False
292
The Ringelmann Effect
suggests individual...
efficiency increase due to increases in group size
efficiency reduction due to increases in group size
293
physical activity (at least twice a week) was associated with a reduced risk of dementia and AD
False
True
294
Higher-fit children showed greater...
superior relational memory task performance
both
bilateral hippocampal volumes
295
fMRI Studies (adults)
fit adults had greater hippocampal volume and better memory performance
False
True
296
Trigger words
are words that reminds athletes what to focus on in a given situation
True
False
297
Which of these are NOT a motivation for Physical Activity (adults)?
Tension/stress release
Fitness and Weight control
Being with friends
Maintain good health
298
Focusing is looking closely at an external stimulus e.g. watching the ball when catching.
True
False
299
Agreeableness marks those who are compassionate and those who tend to antagonize
True
False
300
Reinvestment hypothesis
- previously automatic movements now under conscious control
True
False
301
What does greater social support do?
Lower levels of stress and better performance
Allows for less task-irrelevant thoughts
Increases levels of confidence
All of them
302
What does
POMS
stand for?
Pictures of Mood States
Profile of Mode States
Profile of Mood States
Profile of Mood Statistics
303
Physical inactivity is estimated to cost the Australian a total of $10 billion each year
True
False
304
What does
GEQ
stand for?
Group Environment Quest
Group Environment Questionnaire
Gaming Environment Questionnaire
Group Entertainment Questionnaire
305
What is the Ideal Group Size for Basketball(
BB
)/Volleyball(
VB
)/Soccer
(S
)/Hockey(
H
)?
BB=10.1, VB=9.8 S=16.3 H=18.3
BB=11.9, VB=9.8 S=16.3 H=16.1
306
Using specific words can alter people memory of events
False
True
307
Which of these is NOT a reason adults dropout of Physical Activity?
Loss of interest
Work
Need time for other things
Money
308
POMS
does have some utility in predicting performance
False
True
309
What are the four dimensions of
GEQ?
Integration – Task and Social & Engagement – Task and Social
Attraction – Task and Social & Integration – Task and Social
310
Internal attentional focus is...
responding to only one or two cues
directing attention inward to thought and feelings
directing attention outward to an object
broadly looking at more than one things
311
Social/physical environment can have an indirect effect on PA thru motivation and self-efficacy
True
False
312
Secondary appraisal
concerns coping options
True
Fasle
313
Exercise dependence
- a crave for physical activity, resultin in uncontrollable excess. exercise
False
True
314
Judgment is a set of evaluative and inferential processes that people have at their disposal
True
False
315
Which of these are a type
of
Aggression?
Instrumental- occurs in the quest of non-aggressive goal
Assertiveness- playing hard with no intention to harm
All of them are types of aggression
Hostile- cause injury psychological harm
316
Gravitation hypothesis is...
partaking in activity that helps develop certain personality
people take part in activities that suit their personality
317
Self-talk is more effective in tasks involving fine, compared with gross, motor demands
False
True
318
Individual, interpersonal, environment, regional/national policy & Global are included in the…
Adapted Ecological Model
Activity Ecological Model
Adapted Emotion Model
319
Maintenance is when the behaviour is integral to their lifestyle
False
True
320
Priming
is memory
effect
in which exposure to a stimulus influences response to a later stimu.
False
True
321
Emotions...
involves neurological patterns, and subjective feeling
All of them are related to emotions
involves cognitive appraisal and distinctive physiological
are of limited duration and serve adaptive functions
322
Motivational Climate can be task-involving (i.e, a mastery climate) or ...
ego-involving (i.e, a performance climate)
effort-involving (i.e, a performance climate)
323
Interventions such as MTT and PST are known to increase Mental Toughness?
False
True
324
Which of these are Chronic exercise Mechanism?
Cerebral structure & Frontal lobe hypothesis
Serotonin and norephinephrine
325
Men vs. Women: Which of the following is incorrect?
Women have higher extraversion than men
Women have higher conscientiousness than men
Women have higher agreeableness than men
Women have lower neuroticism than men
326
Which components are included in the
The Standard Model?
Performance outcomes
Location & location factors
Critical psychological & behavioural state
All these factors are included
327
Action is when people have recently changed their behaviour
True
False
328
Mastery Experiences
- past performance strongest source of Self-Efficacy
False
True
329
Was Profile of Mood States (
POMS
) developed for clinical populations?
No
Yes
330
If
Dominant Response
is not present, social facilitation effects will not occur (perform. drop)
False
True
331
Pre-Performance Routines
is sequences of actions which assists with play e.g. NRL goal kickers
False
True
332
Anxiety
- Positive relationship found for elite athletes, negative for non-elite athletes
True
False
333
Collective efficacy is when a group conjoint capabilities to organise & execute the action
False
True
334
Explicit monitoring is overthinking of movement and skill execution which leads to Choking
False
True
335
Interventions incorporating self-efficacy are most effective
True
False
336
Instinct Theory
- organisms are born with innate biological tendencies that help them survive
True
False
337
Attribution bias
is...
assign causes to people rather than external factors
assign causes to external factors rather than people
338
Strategies to enhance Physiological States are…
Self-talk
Reframing
Cognitive restructuring
All are strategies to enhance Physiological States
339
Emotions occur when da individual appraises encounters with the environment -positive/negative
True
False
340
Rope pulling task (2 person= 93% potential; 3 person= 85% potential; 8 person= 49% potential)
False
True
341
A sixth stage - termination - was later added to account for relapse out of the new behaviour
False
True
342
Which of these are CORRECT regarding
In-game Emotions?
Anger and embarrassment predicted poor performance
Both are correct
Happiness predicted successful performance
343
Studies have shown “The ‘hot hand’ phenomenon probably does not exist
No
Yes
344
Which of these are NOT a physical factor that leads to Choking?
Increased muscle tension
Internal Focus
Racing heart rate
Increased breathing rate
345
Coaching efficacy
- confidence a coach has in their ability to effectively coach their athletes
True
False
346
Which of these are INCORRECT about the
Incentive theories?
All of them are correct
values environmental influences/ downplay biological influ.
how external stimuli pull people in certain directions
Sources of motivation lies outside the organism
347
Extraversion marks those who are quiet and passive from those who outgoing and active
True
False
348
What does the acronym
ATAM
stand for?
The Attention Theory of Achievement Motivation
The Attention Theory of Achievement Movement
The Attribution Theory of Achievement Movement
The Attribution Theory of Achievement Motivation
349
Which of these are CORRECT?
All of them are correct
Close to 10% of the world’s population is affected,
Depression/anxiety cost the global economy $1 trillion E/Y
Mental disorders: 30% of the global non-fatal disease burden
350
Does the order of gymnasts in team competition influence the individual performance scores?
True
False
351
Slightly overestimating one's ability has the most positive effect on performance
True
False
