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Duplicate of Science & Enlightenment - Ch. 16 Flashcards | StudBud
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Duplicate of Science & Enlightenment - Ch. 16
Duplicate of Science & Enlightenment - Ch. 16
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Scientific Revolution & the Enlightenment - McKay Ch. 16 #apeuro
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Answers
1
True of false: Galileo's
law of inertia
proves that objects are naturally at rest
True
False
2
For Voltaire, the equality that was realizable was
economic equality
social equality
equality of the sexes
equality under the law
3
The experimental method called for
speculation and observation
speculation and belief
tradition and observation
observation and then conclusions
4
Baron de Montesquieu used satire and the vantage point of outsiders in
The Persian Letters
to
make fun of the old Savafid empire
promote religious toleration
answer Voltaire's attacks on the Church
critique Parisian society
5
Voltaire and the philosophes believed that religious intoleration led to
anarchy
reason
fanaticism
inequality
6
Johannes Kepler's contribution to astronomy was his proclamation
of Laws of Planetary motion
accepting Aristotelian ideas of motion
rejecting Brahe's conclusions
blending music and science
7
The stated goal of Diderot and D'Alembert's
Encyclopedia
was to
change the general way of thinking to a more analytical one
challenge government and church authority in articles
provide all people with the right answers
reject knowledge not scientifically based
8
Which STEM field was used by Renaissance painters in their turn toward realism?
astronomy
physics
alchemy
geometry
9
Aristotle and his followers believed that objects are naturally in motion
when they are in the fifth essence
no - force is needed to move them
only in the lunar sphere
yes - force is needed to stop them
10
Natural philosophers often included which ancient fields in their practices and studies?
sleight of hand and astrology
astronomy and astrology
card reading and astronomy
magic and alchemy
11
Pierre Bayle's
Historical and Critical Dictionary
proclaimed the idea that
everything is for the best
government without consent of the people was tyranny
nothing can ever be known beyond all doubt
progress meant religious toleration
12
Galileo was tried for heresy in 1632 because he
refused to recant his beliefs and was imprisoned
openly challenged traditional views in favor of Copernicus
supported the intervention of Sweden in the Thirty Years War
supported Protestant ideas
13
Cartesian dualism is based on the existence of
blood and bone
mind and matter
brain and brawn
heart and soul
14
The main feature of the "Newtonian Synthesis" is his
scientific method
law of universal gravitation
blending of the occult and the scientific
use of shells and pebbles to explain astronomy
15
Galileo's Sidereal Messenger "exploded" traditional beliefs about the universe by describing
the observations made with his telescope
his mathematical calculations of Jupiter's moons
his detailed defense of Aristotle and scholarly tradition
his tortured relations with the Catholic Church
16
Copernicus did not publish
On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres
until 1543 because he
wanted to be certain his claims were correct
wanted to translate it into Polish
feared retribution
lacked patronage
17
Gottfried Willhelm von Liebnitz was lampooned in Voltaire's
Candide
for his belief that
mind and body are united in one substance
good and evil are relative values
time heals all wounds
man lives in the "best of all possible worlds"
18
Kepler's contributions to science include his pioneering the field of
optics
chemistry
alchemy
gastronomy
19
Locke's Two Treatises on Civil Government insisted on the sovereignty of
parliament over king
king over parliament
20
Some women, such as Maria Sibylla Merian combined art & science with careers as
technical writers
scientific illustrators
models
cadavers
21
In his "Essay Concerning Human Understanding" John Locke explains the human mind as a
predestined propensity for good of evil
an empty canvas
a "tabula rasa" or blank slate
sort of social contract
22
Andreas Vesalius was noted for his studies of
natural history
animal husbandry
animal society
human anatomy
23
Many Greek texts made their way into western Europe after 1453 because of the
proliferation of new accounting tools like letters of credit
rise in interest in astrology among elites
relaxed import dues on scholarly goods under the Medici
capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire
24
Francis Bacon was a proponent of
deductive reasoning
, which was based on
using truths to make further conclusions
using observation to support general ideas
25
Madame du Chatelet believed that women's limited role in science was due to
their inability to think mathematically
their lack of equal education
predestination
economic imperatives that cut science from schools
26
Universities and academies did offer science posts to women in
France
Austria
Italy
Great Britain
27
Science and empire found their interests merging in
fighting Church influences on "truth"
Imperial decrees of scientific truths
"kings" of science
cataloging New World plants and animals
28
Enlightenment writers took intellectual focus away from antiquity and set an agenda to
cure madness
solve human problems with mathematics
apply science to art and literature
solve human problems with the methods of science
29
The Copernican hypothesis did NOT call into question
the size of the universe
the movement of stars
geocentrism
Aristotle's crystal spheres
30
Empiricism is based on
deductive reasoning
hypothesis
observation
speculation
31
Galileo was reluctant to join forces with Kepler because he feared
Kepler might steal his ideas
retribution from the Catholic Church
the math used to calculate orbits was flawed
their ideas were too untried to promote
32
Tycho Brahe's contribution to astronomy lay in his
his use of sophisticated instruments
rejection of astrology
blending of Copernican and Ptolemaic ideas
compilation of accurate data on planetary motion
33
Montesquieu's contribution to American government, found in The Spirit of the Laws was
bicameral legislature
objection to tyranny
separation of powers
social contract
34
Copernicus' ideas about the earth's movement were rejected by some Protestants because they
were based on philosophy rather than mathematics
appeared to embrace magic
contradicted some passages in the Bible
were accepted by scholars at the Council of Trent
35
Descartes' view of the universe was
idealistic
a rejection of so-called "first principles"
singular
mechanistic
36
The appearance of a new star in 1572 and a comet in 1577 appeared to contradict
Copernicus' premise of planetary motion
the idea of unchanging and perfect heavenly spheres
the existence of God
centuries-old beliefs in natural philosophy
37
Kepler's observations proved that planetary motion is
irregular
elliptical
spherical
circular
38
Blood circulation through veins and arteries was discovered by
Robert Boyle
Paracelsus
William Harvey
Andreas Vesalius
