The Gasparini Guillotine or "powerful shear" is still used today in what industry?

metal and automotive manufacturing

Joseph Black disproved a popular theory about inner fire by showing that

heat is NRG which is transported as molecules move & collide

What is the relationship between buoyant force and weight so a hot air balloon can fly?

weight is less than the buoyant force

studbud

Academic Super Bowl - French Revolution

196 termsStudBud Administration115 plays

Academic Super Bowl

Flashcards196 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 196

Answers

1
Fossils may be hard to retrieve from the ground or even disappear after formation due to______.
all of the above
fracture and folding of existing rock
erosion of exposed rock
metamorphic processes acting on rocks
2
Latent heat is the heat absorb/release when changing from 1 state of matter to another (s,l,g)
Cavendish
Ampere
Priestley
Black
3
Who discovered that air is a mixture of gases that included dephlogisticated gas -very reactive
Lavoisier
Priestley
Cavendish
Black
4
At what temperature(s) does all molecular motion stop?
All of these
-273°C
-459°F
0 K
5
The SI unit of electric current is named in his honor.
Black
Fourier
Ampere
Cavendish
6
Which set is an example of chemofossils
coal & petroleum
petroleum & wax
coal & wax
coal & clay
7
Who invented the hot air balloon?
Joseph-Ignace Guillotin
Joseph and Jacques Montgolfier
Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier
Antoine Louis
8
What type of rock 99% of the time is fossil-bearing?
Igneous
Stationary
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
9
What allowed the guillotine to have a cleaner cut?
Cleaning the blade
An angled blade
A stronger operator
A sharper edge
10
He established “correlation of parts” - organs have same functions in different animals.
Lamarck
Laennec
Leclerc
Cuvier
11
During this same time, the British astronomer, Sir William Herschel, discovered the planet___?
Uranus
Mercury
Pluto
Neptune
12
He developed a theory of stellar evolution
Herschel
Cavendish
Black
Fourier
13
1st to propose that the planets had been created in a collision between the Sun and a comet.
Lamarck
Leclerc
Laennec
Cuvier
14
A fossil dinosaur footprint is considered a(n)?
petrified fossil
index fossil
trace fossil
characteristic fossil
15
His discovery "dephlogisticated air" on the theory it supported combustion (no phlogiston)
Ampere
Priestley
Cavendish
Black
16
Known for his studies of peritonitis, amenorrhea, the prostate gland, & tubercle lesions.
Laennec
Cuvier
Leclerc
Lamarck
17
1st attempt to present all knowledge in natural history, geology, & anthropology in 1 spot
Cuvier
Leclerc
Laennec
Lamarck
18
___ occurs when decomposed organism is consumed by shale and hardens to a protective shell.
Encasement in Tar
Celtication
Petrification
Carbonization
19
Heat is energy, which can be transported as molecules vibrate, move and collide into each other
Priestley
Cavendish
Black
Ampere
20
Who had an infinite series named for him that allowed modeling of sunspots, tides, & weather?
Fourier
Ampere
Priestley
Black
21
he had produced magnetic attraction and repulsion in the complete absence of any magnets.
Cavendish
Black
Fourier
Ampere
22
The Gasparini Guillotine or "powerful shear" is still used today in what industry?
textiles
sheep farming
agricultural harvesting
metal and automotive manufacturing
23
Which scientist had a military career in 1761?
Black
Lamarck
Laennec
Cuvier
24
This disease is responsible for killing more of Napoleon's army than Russian soldiers
Dysentery
Typhus
Smallpox
Malaria
25
Balance the following: __MgCO₃ → __MgO + __CO₂
1,1,1
1,2,2
1,2,1
2,1,2
26
One of the more unusual forms of complete insect preservation is encasement in______.
amber
limestone
citrin
shale
27
1st to reconstruct geological history in a series of stages, in Époques de la nature (1778).
Laennec
Leclerc
Lamarck
Cuvier
28
the electrodynamic molecule – a microscopic charged particle (a prototype of the electron)
Black
Ampere
Fourier
Cavendish
29
Encasement in _________ occurs when sap hardens onto an organism, then hardens.
Fossil
Rock
Tar
Amber
30
___- Greek meaning “acid-former,” Lavoisier's theory that it was the acidifying principle.
hydrogen
helium
nitrogen
oxygen
31
Herschel theory- stars scattered through space - attractive forces put them into tight clusters
False
True
32
Grouped elements by their properties 50 yrs before Dmitri Mendeleev produced his periodic table
Black
Fourier
Cavendish
Ampere
33
Who made their most memorable contributions to zoology, botany, paleo, and evolution?
Laennec
Leclerc
Lamarck
Cuvier
34
_____________ is the process in which a plant-like substance is turned into a stony material.
Petrification
Carbonization
Premineralization
Encasement in Tar
35
Disagreed with evolution - thought animals had not changed since creation
Lamarck
Laennec
Leclerc
Cuvier
36
he published on the temperature at which mercury freezes & made use of the idea of latent heat
Herschel
Fourier
Black
Cavendish
37
The interaction of electric currents or fields and magnetic fields found by Ampere is known as?
hyperphysics
Ohm's Law
Voltage
electromagnetism
38
Cavendish's research involved collecting 2 kinds of gases over Hg and were originally named?
oxygen & carbon
chemical airs
fixed air & inflammable air
Combustible airs
39
How did Cuvier set up the foundation of paleontology?
by demo the importance of functional & anatomical relations
showing the relation between rock strata and fossil remains
All of these
introducing fossils into zoological classification
40
On the battle field, amputation was done immediately to prevent what from setting in?
pneumonia
lethargy
gangrene
neurogenic shock
41
Joseph Black disproved a popular theory about inner fire by showing that
heat is NRG which is transported as molecules move & collide
heat was actually a chemical substance
liquids would extinguish a flame
ice melts the temperature changes and releases inner fire
42
Disease was commonplace in France in the 1800s because
All of these
animal & human waste filled the streets
drains & drinking water intermingled
flies contaminated food in the marketplace
43
You discover a fossil that is intact which leads you to speculate that
bacteria did not act upon the animal
the animal was buried quickly
all of these
a scavenger did not find the animal
44
Besides CO_2,he also made discoveries about heat and temperature and latent heat.
Cavendish
Priestley
Black
Ampere
45
1st to have theory of organic evolution that included the production of different forms of life
Leclerc
Lamarck
Cuvier
Laennec
46
physician who invented the stethoscope & perfected the art of auditory exam of the chest cavity
Cuvier
Leclerc
Laennec
Lamarck
47
What is the relationship between buoyant force and weight so a hot air balloon can fly?
weight is less than the buoyant force
weight is equal to buoyant force
weight is greater than buoyant force
no relationship, buoyant force is only in water
48
Every combustible substance contained part fire, called phlogiston, (Greek-inflammable)
False
False
True
True
49
Thought the weight lose during calcination was due to loss of air rather than fire
Cavendish
Fourier
Lavoisier
Black
50
was the first to illustrate that heat and temperature are different things.
Cavendish
Ampere
Black
Priestley
51
His definitive proof by composition and decomposition that water is made of oxygen & hydrogen.
Cavendish
Fourier
Lavoisier
Black
52
Convert 37°C to Kelvin
98.6 K
236 K
298 K
310 K
53
isolated carbon monoxide (which he called "heavy inflammable air")
Ampere
Cavendish
Priestley
Black
54
Who coined the term "invertebrate"?
Cuvier
Herschel
Lamarck
Leclerc
55
Fourier’s work allowed him to express the making of heat in________objects.
Red
2-Dimensional
3-Dimensional
Dense
56
Index fossils tell us..
When to dig up dinosaur bones
What fossils can be found in a geologic time period
How long humans have been around
Where paleontologist go to dig the most
57
Which scientist had a theory of evolution?
Lamarck
Priestley
None
Cuvier
58
Herschel proved his discovery was a planet and not a comet due to its...
elliptical orbit
wandering
brightness
all of these
59
Inflammable air (H) by dissolv metals in acids & fixed air (CO₂) by dissolv alkalis in acids
Cavendish
Fourier
Black
Herschel
60
Hypothesized a group of scattered stars was earlier in development than tightly packed stars
Fourier
Cavendish
Black
Herschel
61
Montgolfier proposed the theory of levity, but was incorrect. Why does hot air really rise?
Because air floats
When heated, air becomes less dense
It is split at an atomic level
When heated, air becomes more dense
62
Fourier was a respected_____.
Archaeologist
Mathematician
Meteorologist
Biologist
63
realised that air was not the only gas, and discovered carbon dioxide
Black
Cavendish
Priestley
Ampere
64
There are _____ different rock types.
4
2
5
3
65
He discovered the planet Uranus
Herschel
Fourier
Cavendish
Black
66
He set the science of paleontology on a firm empirical foundation.
Cuvier
Laennec
Leclerc
Lamarck
67
This equation represents what?
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law
Ampere's Law
Ohm's Law
Power Law
68
A common and accepted panacea for ALL health problems was _______.
green vitriol
eating fruit
drinking milk
bloodletting
69
The father of Vertebrate Paleontology was____.
Cuvier
Hutton
Leclerc
Lamarck
70
Who invented the electric telegraph?
Claude Chappe
Joseph-Ignace Guillotin
None of these
Antoine Louis
71
What term did Laennec create?
Botany
Biology
Melanoma
He didn't create any terms
72
The remains or evidence of any creature or plant that once lived on earth is called a ______.
pisolite
geode
ichnofossil
fossil
73
Wrote the 1st descriptions of pneumonia, bronchiectasis, pleurisy, emphysema, & pneumothorax.
Lamarck
Laennec
Cuvier
Leclerc
74
The word "fossil" is derived from the Latin word "fossilis" which means
formed on land
dug up
formed in the ocean
tongues of the wicked
75
One of Cavendish’s many achievements was figuring out the precise measurement of the density of
Methane
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
76
Lavoisier was a young chemist who is known for all of the following EXCEPT
improving the shape and design of voltaic cells
naming the element oxygen
inventing the system of chemical nomenclature still in use
designing a safer way of making saltpeter
77
Geologist find the same fossils on 2 diff continents in same Sedi Strata - can tell age by?
trace fossils
chemofossils
index fossils
mold & cast
78
Encasement in ________ occurs when these black, sticky substance pits harden over an organism.
Talc
Shale
Fossils
Tar
79
Established electrodynamics (electromagnetism)
Ampere
Black
Cavendish
Fourier
80
The theory that acquired traits can be inherited is called______.
Lamarckism
Cuvierism
Buffonism
Darwinism
81
Cavendish was the first to get an accurate measurement for _______’s density.
Chocolate
Water
Air
Earth
82
By 1802 he had also introduced the term biology.
Lamarck
Laennec
Cuvier
Leclerc
83
Balance the following equation: 3H₂+ N₂ →
H2N2
HN
2HN
2NH3
84
Premineralization is when......
Bone/shell pieces are filled by minerals and harden
Organism covered by black residue hardens into a shale cover
Amber is created from tree sap hardening onto an organism.
Dirt hardens to stone then erosion creates sedimentary rocks
85
With his notion of lost species he opened the way to the development of paleontology.
Lamarck
Cuvier
Leclerc
Laennec
86
Who reconstructed geologic history in a series of stages?
Leclerc
Cuvier
Lamarck
Darwin
87
To aid in Identifying the 63 different dot patterns, Braille numbered the dot positions
False
False
True
True
88
introduced many terms still used today, cirrhosis & melanose (melanoma)
Laennec
Cuvier
Lamarck
Leclerc
89
Who showed that air contained an inert gas that was 1/120th of the volume in earth's atmosphere
Black
Cavendish
Lavoisier
Priestley
90
He established the law of conservation of mass
Black
Lavoisier
Fourier
Cavendish
91
Fourier was interested in how math & heat were related. The following is an ex. of this.
Fourier Series
Mathematical Physics
Infinite Mathematical Series
The Analytical Theory of Heat
92
discovered the chemical element fluorine
Black
Fourier
Ampere
Cavendish
93
Theory of develop included the simplest forms of life were results of spontaneous generation.
Cuvier
Lamarck
Leclerc
Laennec
94
Whom proposed the Guillotine on the basis of it being more humane?
Lagrange
Watt
Lavoisier
Guillotin
95
Valentin Haüy was the first person to emboss paper as a means of reading for the blind.
True
False
True
False
96
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of lithology?
Streak
Malleability
Density
Luster
97
Showed how conduction of heat in solids may be analyzed in terms of infinite mathematical serie
Fourier
Lavoisier
Black
Cavendish
98
Some of Cavendish’s areas of research are optics, mechanics, and ________.
Astronomy
Magnetism
Biology
Combustion
99
His instrument replaced the practice of immediate auscultation(ear on chest of patient)
Lamarck
Cuvier
Leclerc
Laennec
100
The deeper strata contained animal remains that were unlike animals now found in recent strata.
Laennec
Leclerc
Lamarck
Cuvier
101
Who invented the guillotine?
Antoine Louis
None of the above
Joseph-Ignace Guillotin
Marie Antoinette
102
In an outcrop of sedimentary rock, the fossils get older in age as you move ___.
All of these
up section
laterally
down section
103
Cavendish discovered inflammable gas. The gas was later renamed by Lavoisier as
Helium
Argon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
104
See Image
air
combustion
oxygen
acid
105
How did the Semaphore Telegraph make signals that represented letters?
Shooting cannons in the air
Pivoting shutters
Flashing lights
Electrical signals
106
The poor people of France had little use for doctors. When they became ill, they________.
drank more red wine
all of the above
improved their diets
put their faith in the saints
107
What is paleontology?
the study of rocks
the study of life
the study of fossils
108
To determine the differences between star clusters, he used their relative densities
Black
Cavendish
Fourier
Herschel
109
He would name this group “animals without vertebrae” and invent the term invertebrate.
Leclerc
Laennec
Lamarck
Cuvier
110
He improved the methods of granulating gunpowder.
Cavendish
Black
Lavoisier
Fourier
111
Laennec was mainly focused on science.
False
True
112
What causes Kelvin to have no negative temperatures?
It is too hot
Kelvin is a person, not a temperature
It has a positive attitude
It begins at absolute zero
113
Who established extinction as a fact?
da Vinci
Lamarck
Hooke
Cuvier
114
A zoologist & statesman, who established the sciences of comparative anatomy and paleontology.
Lamarck
Laennec
Leclerc
Cuvier
115
This was a curse to those living near stagnant water.
typhus
malaria
typhoid fever
dysentery
116
What was the original name of the guillotine?
It has always been the guillotine
The Beheadinator
Louisette
Antoinette
117
Which of the following was invented in France as a form of communication and is still used now?
Typewriter
Cursive
Morse Code
Braille
118
Pure water boils at 212°F - Convert this to Kelvin
485 K
373 K
100 K
212 K
119
published a paper on eudiometry (the measurement of the goodness of gases for breathing)
Fourier
Herschel
Cavendish
Black
120
The idea of specific heat - heat required to ↑ the temp of a subst by a certain # of degrees.
Priestley
Black
Cavendish
Ampere
121
What type of motion was Fourier's Theorem on?
Rotary Motion
Vibratory Motion
Fast Motion
Reciprocating Motion
122
Discovery that wire carrying current can attract/repel another wire, also carrying current.
Fourier
Black
Cavendish
Ampere
123
When a fossil is preserved this means that______.
exposed to air
it is alive and will live longer than a year
it is carbonized
hardened into rock/maintaining material
124
Lamarck was essentially the first scientists to argue for evolution.
True
False
125
_________ rocks form from cooling of magma or lava.
Ignition
Igneous
Intense
Infant
126
Who proved heat and temperature were different things by using a bucket of melting ice?
Priestley
Cavendish
Lavoisier
Black
127
Cavendish did research in the following areas
mechanical theory of heat
synthesis of water
law governing electrical attraction and repulsion
composition of atmospheric air & properties of diff gases
128
Joseph Priestly is credited with discovering what element?
helium
hydrogen
carbon
oxygen
129
Shortages of fresh food often led to outbreaks of...
dysentery
scarlet fever
scurvy
tuberculosis
130
See image
water freezes at 0 and is called the Celsius scale
water freezes at 0 and boils at 80 and is named Reaumur scal
a salt water solution freezes and is named Fahrenheit scale
all 3 states come to a stop and is called the Kelvin scale
131
How many botanical volumes did Lamarck write?
2
None
4
3
132
Fourier was known for researching heat and ______ equations.
Linear
Radical
Quadratic
Numerical
133
The Braille system of communication was developed for use by blind people was___.
Developed in 1845 by William Moon
Developed in 1824 by 15yo student & published in 1829
Developed in 1819 by retired French army officer
Developed before Bastille Day (7/14/1789)
134
What did Cavendish determine the composition of?
Rocks
Pancakes
Carbon Dioxide
Water
135
Who created the stethoscope?
Cuvier
Lamarck
Leclerc
Laennec
136
If treatment from someone other than local healers, poor people turned more readily to?
Surgeons
Physicians
137
What type of rock yields the most index fossils?
sedimentary
igneous
all of the above
metamorphic
138
The most widespread deadly illness in France just prior to the French Revolution was____.
pneumonia
gangrene
typhus
malaria
139
Giraffes stretching their necks & passing this new long reach to kids was called __ by Lamarck
Natural Selection
Uniformitarianism
Plate Tectonics
Natural Transformation
140
Balance the following: __C + __O₂→ __CO
2,1,2
1,2,2
1,1,1
2,1,1
141
Animals have so many different traits that they can't be arranged in a single linear system.
Laennec
Lamarck
Leclerc
Cuvier
142
Cavendish found that, upon being burned, hydrogen made ______.
Water
Dew
Beans
Nitrogen
143
His work gave new prestige to the old concept of catastrophism
Lamarck
Leclerc
Cuvier
Laennec
144
The inside of a hotairballoon is 175°F, which of these temps would let the balloon rise faster?
78 degrees
95 degrees
108 degrees
89 degrees
145
was distinguished for great accuracy and precision
Herschel
Black
Cavendish
Fourier
146
known for calcs of density (and weight) of the earth. Known as His Name experiment.
Herschel
Fourier
Black
Cavendish
147
French biologist who is best known for his idea that acquired characters are inheritable
Laennec
Leclerc
Cuvier
Lamarck
148
revolutionized the diagnosis of lung disorders
Lamarck
Leclerc
Cuvier
Laennec
149
___ rocks form from intense pressure and heat within the convection currents deep in the earth.
Metamorphic
Stationary
Sedimentary
Igneous
150
He helped systematize chemical nomenclature
Cavendish
Black
Fourier
Lavoisier
151
French naturalist, remembered for his comprehensive work on natural history,
Leclerc
Laennec
Cuvier
Lamarck
152
Proposed that the compound we now call hydrogen fluoride consisted of hydrogen & a new element
Fourier
Black
Ampere
Cavendish
153
His work had an influence on the theory of functions of a real variable
Black
Fourier
Lavoisier
Cavendish
154
proposed that fluorine could be isolated by electrolysis
Ampere
Fourier
Cavendish
Black
155
Common problems encountered by the poor include
burns
sprains
broken bones
cataracts
156
Lithology is…
Characteristics on maps
Different formations of rocks
Characteristics of rock types
Different minerals found in the ocean
157
In 1824, when he was only 15 years old, Braille developed a six-dot “cell” system.
True
True
False
False
158
Determined the function & structure of organs result from interaction with environment.
Lamarck
Cuvier
Leclerc
Laennec
159
It took them only an instant to cut off that head, & 100 years may not produce another like it.
Fourier
Black
Cavendish
Lavoisier
160
Temperature is a measurement of the average motion or kinetic energy of the molecules.
Priestley
Cavendish
Ampere
Black
161
Which scientists had big discoveries in heat energy & chemistry?
Priestley only
Cavendish & Priestley
Ampere, Black, & Lavoisier
Cavendish & Black
162
Balance the following : __HgO → __Hg + __O₂
1,2,2
1,1,1
2,1,2
2,2,1
163
The person who "set bones" for the poor country people was the____.
blacksmith
midwife
surgeon
physicians
164
He explained heat as the result of the motion of matter.
Fourier
Herschel
Black
Cavendish
165
One things Fourier was interested in was the determination of ____ in algebraic equations.
Probability
Inequalities
Variables
Roots
166
Who developed the stethoscope?
da Vinci
Hooke
Laennec
Herschel
167
What was Guillotin's purpose for creating the guillotine?
To study how long the brain would work after decapitation
To find a quicker, cleaner method of amputation
He was inspired to create a more humane form of execution
He studied the skeletal system and how tendons worked
168
Certain unusual fossils can be used to define periods of geologic time. These are called?
cast fossils
index fossils
mold fossils
ichnofossils
169
He made more&better gunpowder by ↑ the supply&purity of the parts—saltpeter, sulfur, charcoal
Lavoisier
Fourier
Cavendish
Black
170
observed the absence of the gas, before he knew of its existence b/c of weight differences
Black
Cavendish
Priestley
Ampere
171
Law of use and disuse
Lamarck
Leclerc
Laennec
Cuvier
172
Which temperature is the warmest?
-4.0°C
264 K
freezing point of water
22°F
173
In order to diagnosis a problem, doctors would
examine a patients stool, vomit, & spittle
bloodletting
All of these
prescribe various powders & pills
174
The only anesthetic available before the French Revolution was _________.
process of purging
hemlock
alcohol
vitriol
175
He observed that plants release oxygen into the air — the process known now as photosynthesis.
Black
Cavendish
Priestley
Ampere
176
The Montgolfiers were best know for their invention that utilized burning wool and moist straw.
hot air balloon
barometer
parachute
stove/oven combination
177
Who was elected to the Academy of Sciences in 1779?
No one
Lamarck
Priestley
Laennec
178
He hypothesized that nebulae are composed of stars
Herschel
Black
Fourier
Cavendish
179
What property did Joseph Montgolfier propose caused gases from a fire to rise?
Montgolfier Gas
Flammability
Carbon Dioxide
Levity
180
If you placed a pumice rock(0.25 g/cm³) in a glass of water(1 g/cm³), what would happen?
It would float
It would dissolve
It would sink
It would break the glass
181
What term did Lamarck create?
Botany
Melanoma
Biology
He didn't create any terms
182
The cause of mass extinctions can best be explained by?
sudden land upheavals
catastrophic environmental changes
widespread flooding
all of these
183
No flame/mouse dead - no air...add plant/sunlight, air 'refreshed'...mouse/flame alive
Cavendish
Ampere
Black
Priestley
184
Who proposed the idea of a temperature measurement based on absolute zero?
Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier
Kelvin Guillotin
Lord William Kelvin
Antoine Louis
185
This types of rock forms from layers of particles forming together to create layered rocks.
Metamorphic
Sedimentary
Igneous
Neutral
186
These were all preferable to seeking out treatment from doctors?
Local wise woman for potions
Healers & quacks for ointments
All of these
blacksmith for bone setting
187
proposed the existence of a particle we now recognize as the electron
Ampere
Fourier
Black
Cavendish
188
Theory that animals, in responding to different environments, adopted new habits.
Leclerc
Laennec
Cuvier
Lamarck
189
measured solubility in water & specific gravity & combustibility of hydrogen & CO₂
Herschel
Black
Cavendish
Fourier
190
The Braille system was first published in 1829; a more complete elaboration appeared in 1837.
False
True
False
True
191
elements—his definition, substances that chemically had failed to break into simpler entities
Lavoisier
Black
Fourier
Cavendish
192
The steam engine(James Watt) was made of simple machines. The machine was powered by coal and ?
coal alone, making the machine inexpensive
manpower originally, adapted after 1800 by R. Trevithick
air pressure & pistons recycling latent energy
pulleys & levers
193
he developed a cosmogony—a theory concerning the origin of the universe
Cavendish
Black
Fourier
Herschel
194
First to recognize the earth is very old & many species have come and gone since its formation?
Cuvier
Hutton
Leclerc
Lamarck
195
He determined that combustion & respiration are caused by reactions with what he named “oxygen”
Lavoisier
Cavendish
Black
Fourier
196
Sanjay tests his model on a watermelon, it doesn’t make a clean cut. Why?
The blade is not angled
The blade wasn’t cleaned beforehand
The carrot was rotten
The rope too short

Academic Super Bowl - French Revolution Flashcards | StudBud