FINAL REVIEW

Protects right to burn American flag in protest. Protects symbolic speech.

Abolishes poll taxes

Students can use symbolic political speech on school property (armbands to protest Vietnam War)

individual part of the platform

Powers that the Constitution gives to both the national and state governments

called for representation to Congress to be equal for each state

Alternating periods of economic expansion and recession (expansion>peak>recession>trough)

Established national supremacy; use of Elastic Clause; states can't tax federal institutions.

a cost that rises or falls depending on how much is produced (e.g. labor cost)

States cannot deny the right to vote based on gender

divide the GDP by the number of people who live in the nation

in VA - 1st representative democracy in the New World

Prohibited state-sponsored recitation of (even nonsectarian) prayer in public schools

Decisions are based on traditions

A theory that the costs of production as a means of stimulating the economy

Land, Labor, Capital, Entrepreneurship

called for representation in congress to be based on a state's population

Deals with rules and practices of trade among nations (international trade)

States cannot deny any person the right to vote because of race.

Established "separate by equal" doctrine of racial segregation.

federal government has only those powers specifically granted by the Constitution.

talking a bill to death in the senate

A situation in which quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied

Goods that are both nonrival and nonexcludable such as roadways, schools, and the military

no unlawful searches and seizures (requires search warrant)

Prohibition of alcohol

Cost of the next best alternative use of money, time, or resources

You have the right to a speedy trial.

British laws in response to the Boston Tea Party (took away colonists civil rights)

Costs that do not vary with the quantity of output produced (e.g. rent)

a relatively minor offense such as vandalism or stealing inexpensive items

Limits the president to two terms or 10 years.

said for every 5 slaves, 3 would count in a state's population

Exec agency that protects the consumer by setting regulations on products sold in the market

Elected; highest law enforcement officer in the county; oversee the jail, etc.

Reverse discrimination: a white student challenged a quota system at a medical school.

a court order requiring appearance and/or testimony

Another term for the person accused of a crime is?

The number of representatives in the House.

Right to bear arms.

Typically work in offices; management

Right to jury in civil trials.

vote to end a filibuster

The burden of proof rests with the?

A legal minimum on the price at which a product can be sold; often results in surpluses

agreement in which the people who form the government and agree to obey its laws

gave rights to people in England - took away King's right to absolute monarchy

Procedure whereby the state submits legislation to its voters for approval,

president leaves a law unsigned on his desk while congress is not in session

Congress begins on January 30th; President starts on January 20th"Lame-duck" Amendment

only members of the party are allowed to vote

The number of representatives in the Senate

market price has reached the level at which quantity supplied equals quantity demanded

separation of votes for President and Vice President

Prohibits the forced quartering of soldiers during peacetime.

As prices rises, suppliers will produce more of that good or service.

Used together with another good

organizations set up by interest groups especially to collect $$$ to support favored candidates

A model that shows the flow of goods and services among households, businesses, and banks

A Grand Jury hearing can lead to a what, also known as a formal charge?

outlines the powers of executive branch, or law making branch

outlines the powers of congress (legislative branch)

One State cannot be sued by another state

Government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling taxing and spending

rights retained by the people, that some rights were not listed out

States cannot deny the right to vote based on age (18+)

Dividing a job into smaller tasks

The overall cost of operating at a particular rate of production

Individuals own resources and make decisions according to the laws of supply and demand

submitting to popular vote the removal of officials from office before the end of their term

Ordered states to provide lawyers for those unable to afford them in criminal proceedings

The desire to own something and the ability to pay for it

were people for the Constitution because they believed in a strong national gov't

consumers buy more of a good when its price decreases and less when its price increases

Slaves were property and could not sue. Missouri Compromise ruled unconstitutional.

Money left over after all expenses have been paid

Repeal of Prohibition

results from a combination of scarce resources and people's virtually unlimited wants

Law that punishes a person accused of a crime without a trial or fair hearing in court

hears the evidence of the case to decide if there is enough evidence to bring someone to trial

a bill originated by the people rather than lawmakers

A temporary joint committee set up when House and Senate pass different versions of a bill.

the death penalty

Limited resource to fufill unlimited want and needs

rebellion of farmers in PA losing farms to high taxes - showed Articles of Confederation weak

A market in which there are many buyers but only one seller

What term is used to describe when the accused waives his/her right to a jury?

Local laws

Keeps records of land ownership, marriages, births and deaths

Phrase coined by Adam Smith to refer to the self-regulating nature of a free marketplace

Gives Washington DC electoral college votes as if it were a state

Presidents may not use executive privilege to break the law or cover up.

Abolished slavery.

Established exclusionary rule; illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court

people accused of a crime & judged not guilty may not be put on trial again for the same crime

Do jobs that typically involve manual labor, such as factor work or an auto mechanic

Government cannot inflict cruel and unusual punishment.

Clause in the First Amendment that says the government may not establish an official religion

congressional pay raises are not begun until the next election

Head of the executive branch in the state of North Carolina

Cities, towns, villages

a writ ordering a prisoner to be brought before a judge

Trade treaty between the US, Canada and Mexico; sought to remove trade barriers

(1) No Self-Incrimination (2) No Double Jeopardy (3) "due process of law" (fair treatment)

number one source of revenue for a county

Freedom of religion, assembly, petition, press and speech

How many judges are on the US Supreme Court?

War b/t France & Great Britain for supremacy in NC (caused colonial heavy taxation)

established the commerce clause saying the federal government can regulate interstate commerce

The amount of a good or service that producers are willing and able to sell at a certain price

The number one state expenditure

outlines the powers of judicial branch, or law enforcing branch

the combination of two or more firms competing in the same market with the same good or service

School racial segregation is unconstitutional; overturned "separate but equal"

combination of 2 or more firms involved in different stages of the same good or service

a law established by following earlier judicial decisions

When a company is not wholly responsible when something goes wrong

highest law enforcement agency

Power of Congress to tax income

Established the direct election of senators (instead of being chosen by state legislatures)

Determines appropriate land use

series of statements expressing the party principles, beleifs and positions on election issues

Student used sexual references during speech and was suspended. Court ruled in favor of school.

"Reasonable suspicion" (rather than probable cause) standard for school searches

Fed attempts to manage the economy by controlling the money supply and thus interest rates

the body of laws created by legislative statutes

An increase in the overall level of prices in the economy

the sum of money paid by a company to it's shareholders as profit.

A situation in which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded

When a few companies have control over the price and quality of a product

Supreme Court ruled that busing could be used to increase racial diversity in public schools.

A permanent committee.

Government controls resources and makes decisions

What term describes a private wrong against a person or property?

The accused must be informed of their rights prior to any questioning.

Succession of VP if president dies or become incapable to do his job

(1) All persons born in the U.S. are citizens; (2) DUE PROCESS OF LAW; (3) EQUAL PROTECTION

believed in strong state's rights and not having a powerful national government

What term means lying under oath?

specific powers granted by the Constitution to Congress and to the president

A combination of mixed markets and command economies

Used in place of another good

geographic area containing specific number of voters

Prohibits or limits trade or commerce with a specific country

SC decision held that public school curricular student newspapers can be censored.

Upheld internment of Japanese-Americans. "Pressing public necessity" may limit civil rights.

Exports are greater than imports (trade surplus - make money)

power of the SC to declare laws and actions the government unconstitutional

is a gov't ran by the church or a religious person

Established judicial review & power of the Supreme Court.