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Quantitative Research
Quantitative Research
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1
The Hawthorne Effect can be described as:
When participants alter their behaviour as a result of being in the study
When a researcher has pre-conceived ideas about the expected results.
An unavoidable consequence of research studies.
Bias due to inappropriate sampling.
2
Which of the following best describes quantitative research?
research that is exploratory
an attempt to confirm the researcher’s hypotheses
research that attempts to generate a new theory
the collection of non-numeric data
3
Which of the following research design compares two or more groups?
A paired design comparative study
A retrospective correlational study
An unpaired design comparative study
A longitudinal correlational study
4
What is the key defining characteristic of experimental research?
extraneous variables are never present
a positive correlation usually exists
manipulation of the independent variable
a negative correlation usually exists
5
Which correlation is the strongest?
+0.90
-1.00
+0.10
-0.95
6
A positive correlation is present when_______.
two variables move in the same direction
one variable goes up and one goes down.
several variables never change.
two variables move in opposite directions.
7
Which of the following can best be described as a categorical variable?
Religion
Age
Annual income
Grade point average
8
In quantitative research, reliability is often at risk when...
the assessments are highly rated.
the assessments are highly valid.
the assessments are highly objective.
the assessments are highly subjective.
9
A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called:
intervening variable.
categorical variable.
dependent variable.
independent variable.
10
n quantitative data analysis, which of the following can be used to check whether data has a normal distribution?
A histogram
Independent t-test
A bar chart
Inferential statistics
11
Bias in a quantitative study can be avoided by:
asking different questions each time.
using validated instruments to collect data.
'editing' the respondent's answers.
having complicated questions.
12
Random sampling is undertaken to eliminate bias and can be done in a number of ways. Which cluster is correct:
Allocating people according to year of birth, Random Number Generator
Allocating people according to day of the week they attend a clinic
Tossing a coin, throwing a dice, or pulling names from a hat.
Throwing a dice, selecting public sector workers, tossing a coin.
13
Which is these is not a recognised quantitative data collection method?
Survey
Questionnaires
Postal questionnaires
Focus Groups
14
Which of the following statements is TRUE. External Validity:
is a threat to the reliability of the study.
allows us to make causal inferences about the study.
is how generalisable the results are.
is how repeatable a measurement is.
15
In research, something that does not "vary" is called a ___________.
Variable
Control group
Constant
Method
