Neuro Module 10

SMA cortex is less active in visual task and more active during internal task

____- encoding spatial context

____ premotor (PM) role externally-triggered/guided motor programs and plans object cues

Primary motor cortex:

SMA is most active during:

Which is not a neural substrate of procedural memory?

(Declaritive) episodic:_______

The hippocampus is critical for storage of episodic long-term memories

a type of declarative• Facts and knowledge

Primary motor cortex has map of body and movments and acts alone

Example of visually triggered task:

CM neurons have direct connection connections to agonist LMN and connections that inhibits anatagonist

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) provides cognitive control for the dorsal pathway: “what”

Different combinations of clusters of CM neurons can be activated for different task goals

Ventral premotor: activation based on ____

Words and concepts that are richer, or associated with more information, are better remembered

Primary motor cortex for movement - coding of force and ____ of movement

___: representations for muscles and movements, e.g. face, arm, trunk, and leg

___:keeping speech-based information in awareness, Phonological loop: store, articulatory processes

Single neuron will discharge at higher freq to one mvt direction and at a lower freq to other ___ directions

Procedural learning is an associative type of implicit learning

Ventral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) provides cognitive control for ventral pathway: “what”

Implicit (nondeclaritive) includes all of the following EXCEPT:

___ - encoding object recognition

Motor cortex neurons: force encoded by ensable of neurons, direction coding occurs by an ensemble of neurons

a type of declarative• Events and experiences

___: wearing clothes all the time and common background noises No meaning or immediate importance

Extensive repetition is required for more permanent changes in M1

An implicit memory is expressed as a _____ without conscious awareness

H.M. could not recall doing the mirror tracing task from day to day

Majority of neurons in SMA are inactive for motor set

: H.M. could remember names of nurses who took care of him after surgery

____= process by which knowledge is encoded, stored, and retrieved

The word nurse is recognized more quickly when paired with the word doctor than when paired with the word bread(example)

Cortico-cortico connections primary role in:

_____; getting cortical areas ready that will be used when the person does the movements themselves

____- - paired stimuli learning (Classical conditioning, Operant condioning)

Semantic memory is explicit declarative long term memory for facts or general knowledge

(M1)Primary source of pyramidal tract neurons including ___l cells that project to spinal cord lower motor neurons

Which is NOT involved with remembering your cousin's wedding?

____: role in identification of self relative to world

____ - makes temporarily stored information more stable, processes of LTP

Which of the following is related to age related decline?

Early AD - declarative memory lost is episodic, semanti

A pt needs to be able to be able remember the therapist and what they are learning in order to form procedural memories

___:retains mental images of visual objects and locations of objects in space

Traumatic brain injury (TBI): may have severe declarative memory deficits, but often retain procedural memory

Memory for task performance

___= loss of memories for events that occurred before trauma or disease that caused the condition

The movement the monkey makes isn’t coded by one single neuron, but by a combined signal of a population of neurons

___= a change in behavior that results from acquiring knowledge about the world

What does recalling that the corticospinal tract originates from pyramidal tract neurons involve?

H.M. could repeat back a string of numbers

SMA is uniquely inv in the planning, selection, and organ of mvt sequences particularly those that are involved with __

Majority of neurons in SMA are active for motor set

___- when stored information is recalled

Premotor cortex is more active during visual and less active during internal task

___:flavor’ to movement; weighting; accounting for reward; appropriate urge to move’

SMA is bilaterally active even with unilateral task

Explicit (declarative) long term memory:

= loss of memory for events following the trauma or disease

____:premovement associated with planning and programming

Example of long term retention?

Long-term changes at the synapse strength can be:

Example of internally guided task:

Holding or maintaining information for short period of time

Supplemental motor area (SMA) is in premotor region on ___ aspect of frontal cortex

___- single event learning‣ Habituation and sensitization

Maintenance and controlled manipulation of limited amount of information before recall

◦Demonstration of therapist to patient is important for this reason

_____ is critical for keeping original image in mind to match to stimulus

Which is not a way that the cerebral cortex extends our sensorimotor repertoire?

___:Memory for skilled action like how to drive a car or play piano

Cortico-cortico connections - connections to all of the following EXCEPT:

Like episodic memory, the hippocampus is critical to encoding and consolidation of semantic memories

____- main input and output path to hippocampus

___- neural mechanisms by which memory is retained over time

◦Like episodic memory, semantic memory is highly in-flexible, single-modal system

Visually informed grasping =

Certain neurons in SMA are only active when there is a certain ____

Cingulate motor areas have direct connections to the spinal cord centers

What are the TWO ways memroy is classified?

The homunculus is mapped more for function and movement for muscles in primary motor cortex

Implicit memory cannot be reported verbally

Primary motor cortex is active to the same degree in both visual and internal tasks

____: greatest change with skilled use; rewarded behavior; (this is goal-oriented movement)

_____: organized events, selects appropriate motor acts

Which of the following is NOT true?

____- new information is attended to and linked with existing information in memory

The experiment with the monkey reaching came to the conclusion that:

__- facts and events (nature of info stored)

The amygdala is involved in emotional associative learning

◦Visually guided reaching = ____

Which is NOT associated with a lesion of the posterior parietal cortex?

Which is not an example of structural changes at the synpapse due to memory?