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Final Review
Final Review
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This is a final review Quiz for PH203
Flashcards
100 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
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Questions
100
Answers
1
Public drinking water utilities are protected under:
Safe Drinking Water Act
Clean Water Act
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Oil Pollution Control Act
2
If malaria is not endemic to the US, why do we still get new cases every year?
These are just small and isolated outbreaks
Almost all of the cases are contracted overseas
Misdiagnosis of malaria
Malaria actually is endemic to the US
3
True or False: NOAEL is a threshold predicting the level at which a chemical has no observable toxic effects.
TRUE
FALSE
4
Over the last 100 years, glaciers have been…
Glaciers are fake news!
Shrinking
Not much. No net change
Growing
5
What is our Graduate TA's first name?
Jake
Joshua
Jacob
James
6
True or False: Any chemical can be toxic, given the appropriate dose
FALSE
TRUE
7
The 10 in PM10 refers to:
Percent of population expected to have health effects
Size of the particle in microns
The expected number of deaths in millions per year due to PM
Length in days of expected exposure
8
Examples of mobile sources of air pollution are: (Select all that apply)
Non-road vehicles
Oil refineries
Off-road vehicles
Chemical plants
9
True/False: Toxicity from heavy metal exposure is of special concern in women and children.
TRUE
FALSE
10
True or False: DDT saves more lives than it harms
FALSE
TRUE
Not sure
11
Arboviral disease means what?
None of these are related to arboviral disease
Vector of transmission is an arthropod, such as a mosquito
The disease comes from rodents
Disease spread by plants
12
Which of the following are classes of insecticides? Choose all that apply:
Pyrethroids
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Organochlorides
Organophosphates
13
T/F: Climate change will likely decrease zoonotic diseases in temperate zones.
FALSE
TRUE
14
Which Demographic Stage describes a community with high fertility and high mortality?
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
15
T/F Watersheds are defined by topography and can vary in size.
TRUE
FALSE
16
Worldwide, what is the primary source of indoor air pollution?
Cigarette smoking
Candles
Open fire/leaky stoves
Accidental fires
17
Which is NOT an anthropogenic source of radiation?
Medical radiation
Potassium in bananas
Nuclear power radiation
Cell phone radiation
18
Return incentives for recycling of products has shown to improve recycling behavior.
FALSE
TRUE
19
T/F: Environmental injustice is a public health issue
False
True
20
This radiation involves high energy photons that can inflict damage up to 1 cm in the skin?
Gamma radiation
Alpha particles
Beta particles
Delta particles
21
True/False: Private and public organizations influence the policy cycle.
FALSE
TRUE
22
The precautionary principle encompases potential threats to:
Wildlife
Human health
Environment
All of these
23
Which factor(s) affect the toxicity of a chemical?
Individual Sensitivity
All of these affect toxicity
Duration of exposure
Route of exposure
24
T/F: The air quality index focuses on acute health effects possible due to local air quality.
TRUE
FALSE
25
Which of the following help us assess whether an env variable is linked to a disease?
Hill effect of determination
Hills Causal Reasoning
Hill William Elegy
Hills Criteria of Causality
26
Who dug wells that were responsible for arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh?
Bangladeshi Government
UNICEF
United States EPA
George Harrison
27
Which of the following is NOT one of the three P's of environmental health?
Population
Public
Poverty
Pollution
28
Which President is usually credited with first bringing EJ issues into the enviro conversation?
Bill Clinton
Richard Nixon
Barack Obama
Jimmy Carter
29
A chemical with a Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) tells us any level of that chemical is dangerous.
TRUE
FALSE
30
True/False: Toxicity from heavy metal exposure is of little concern for men.
TRUE
FALSE
31
What is the replacement fertility rate for a stable population?
1.1
4.1
2.1
0.1
32
The process of risk assessment includes which of the following: (Select all that apply)
Dose-response assessment
Hazard Identification
Exposure assessment
Risk Characterization
33
What is a unique feature that makes the U.S. the largest users of water in volume per capita?
High water waste
High use of bottled water drinking
Meat heavy diet
Great lakes as freshwater source
34
Which is believed to be a stochastic outcome of radiation exposure?
Cancer
Immunosuppression
Fever
Coughing
35
A chemical that can make another harmless chemical become toxic is an example of?
Intoxication
Synergism
Antagonism
Potentiation
36
What are typical components of a landfill? Select all that apply
Special electronic component isolation
Gas extraction pipe
Leachate collection sump
Clay casing
37
This refers to when mortality shifts from communicable diseases to chronic disease
Environmental Risk Transition
Epigenetic Changes
Population Dynamics
Epidemiologic Transition
38
What accounts for the greatest proportion of radiation exposure in the U.S.?
X-rays
Nuclear power plants
Cosmic radiation
Radon
39
Which is (are) true of leachate? Select all that apply
Is collected for incineration
Is piped off to facilities for further treatment
Contains solvents and heavy metals
Contains parasitic microbes that inhabit landfills
40
T/F: EJ is meant to protect susceptible populations, who are usually well-defined in federal law
True
False
41
John Snow (the old one, not the GoT one) made env epi famous by studying what in london?
Cholera
Syphillis
Malaria
British dental hygeine
42
Which areas are of most concern for water stress or scarcity? Select all that apply.
Southern Africa
Central America
Northern Africa
Central Asia
43
Compared to ionizing radiation, non-ionizing has:
Shorter wavelengths, higher frequency
Longer wavelengths, higher frequency
Shorter wavelengths, smaller frequency
Longer wavelengths, smaller frequency
44
T/F: The US Congress has generally been supportive of EJ by providing baseline funding for these initiative.
False
True
45
What is an example of a hydrocarbon?
Organochorides
CO2
Polybrominated chemicals
Benzene
46
If you calculated a RR between an exposure and a health endpoint to be less than one, what does this tell you?
Exposure lacks any significance
Exposure is protective
It tells you nothing
Odds of disease development is high
47
Which of the following statements about incineration is incorrect?
Air pollution can be reduced with scrubbers
High temperatures deactivate pathogens
Combustion removes all carcinogens and heavy metals
Usually no attempt is made to sort trash
48
Which of the following is NOT a form of non-ionizing radiation?
ELF
Microwave
UVB
These are all types on non-ionizing radiation
49
T/F: Data shows that recycling programs were key in reducing solid waste generation per person.
TRUE
FALSE
50
T/F: Particulate matter is a common by-product of wood and diesel fuel combustion.
FALSE
TRUE
51
True/False: Science drives policy, and policy drives scientific conclusions
FALSE
TRUE
52
Environmental health laws are enforced by which of the following (Select all that apply)
State
Federal
US EPA
World Health Organization
53
T/F: Air pollution is defined as the presence of any man-made substance in the air that is harmful
TRUE
FALSE
54
Where do arid regions of southern California draw their drinking water?
Diverted rivers from over 300 mi away
Desalinization plants
Deep wells
Local resevoirs that capture mountain runoff
55
This chemical was removed from roadsides in NC, then landfilled in Warren County
PCBs
Municipal waste
BTEX compounds
Radiative waste
56
Which of the following will eliminate pesticide and POP exposure? Choose all that apply.
Washing produce before eating
Eating organic foods
None of these can ensure exposure prevention
Using "natural" products
57
True or False: A dose response curve typically is a mostly straight, declining line?
FALSE
TRUE
58
T/F Any chemical that is found to have any level of risk will be banned
TRUE
FALSE
59
T/F: Stanley Watras is a classic example of how ELF exposure from high tension wires is dangerous.
TRUE
FALSE
60
How much more expensive is bottled water than tap water?
3000%
500%
200%
240000%
61
T/F: DDT has been banned worldwide.
TRUE
FALSE
62
This is the kind of study where you manipulate exposure variables
Intervention/Experimental
Cohort
Ecological
Case-Control
63
3/5 dentists recommend a certain toothpaste. This ratio is known as what?
Cohort
Incidence
Prevalence
Malpractice
64
How are Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons formed?
Industrial waste
Detoxifying enzymes of the body
Incomplete combustion
Environmental degradation
65
True/False: The secondary stage of sewage treatment focuses on microbial digestion of sewage
FALSE
TRUE
66
Pesticides are regulated under which act?
None of these
FIFRA
TSCA
PPA
67
Metals essential to human health include (select all):
Zinc
Aluminum
Cadmium
Iron
68
What's a LULU?
Little Usefulness Little Wanted
Legal Union Land Use
Land Use Largely Unneeded
Locally Unwanted Land Use
69
If you've conducted a cohort study, what calculation do you perform to estimate a link between exposure and outcome?
Odds ratio
Related risk
Relative risk
Odds relative risk
70
T/F: Ionizing radiation comes from human and natural sources
TRUE
FALSE
71
T/F: Clean-up of river PCBs shows how POP producers can quickly reduce hazards
TRUE
FALSE
72
What is the primary component of photochemical smog?
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Ozone
Parliculate matter
73
The "E" in ADME, represents which of these?
Environment
Excretion
Epidemiology
Exposure
74
T/F: Ionizing radiation describes radiation that can remove electrons from their atoms.
FALSE
TRUE
75
Potential impacts of climate change include: (Select all that apply)
Disturbance in plant and animal habitats
Growth and change in distribution of vector -borne disease
Exacerbation of the effects of air pollution
Extreme climatic conditions
76
Erin Brockovich took on utility company misconduct related to overexposure of what metal?
Cadmium
Lead
Chromium (VI)
Arsenic
77
Which food item is the most succeptible to metal contamination due to bioaccumulation?
Wheat
Fish
Pork
Beef
78
Sunburn is attributed to which exposure? Select all that apply.
Electromagnetic Frequencies
UVB
UVD
Radon
79
Which of the following are common hazardous by-products of landfills? Select all that apply
Methane
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Volatile organic compounds
Non-ionizing radiation
80
If plague is still somewhat wipespread, why no repeat of the Black Death from the 1300s?
Modern treatments are more effective
We have evolved stronger immunity
The bacteria is not very virulent
People who get it now are quickly quarantined
81
When two covariates are related to both each other and to disease risk, what is this called?
Confocal variables
Co-founders
Relative risk
Confounding
82
Why do bisphenols concern some consumers and scientists? Select all that apply
They are acutely toxic
They are widely used in consumer and industrial products
They have similar chemical structure to estrogen
Some exposed mice died after treatment
83
Individual dose-response curves match the population dose-response curve?
FALSE
TRUE
84
If an environmental exposure Odds Ratio were greater than 1, what does this mean?
OR doesn't predict disease
No associate of disease
positive association for disease
negative association for disease
85
Which famous event led to the Clean Water act of 1970?
PCB contaminated soil in Warren, North Carolina
Wastewater wells in Eagle Ford, Texas
Burning of the Cuyahoga River in Cleveland, Ohio
Hazardous water treatment in Chester, Pennsylvania
86
Which is not a criteria air pollutant regulated by the EPA?
Lead
Nitrogen dioxide
Particulate matter
Carbon dioxide
87
What is the main source of contamination at Shingle Mountain in Dallas TX?
Discarded petroleum
Pressure treated wood
Shingles
PCBs in the water
88
True or False: DDT is highly toxic to humans
TRUE
FALSE
89
The least favored strategy for solid waste management is?
Treatment and Disposal
Recycling/Composting
Source Reduction and Reuse
Energy Recovery
90
Which of the following is not a term that describes a component of epidemiology?
Hills Criteria of Causality
Concurrence
Odds ratio
Prevalence
91
The CERCLA Priority List contains what?
A list of hazardous substances
A list of important toxicology studies
Industries known to pollute the most
Endangered species
92
Which of the following is not normally a form of bias?
Confounding
Healthy Worker Effect
Long latency periods for disease
Subjective decisions by Investigator
93
The London Fog that killed thousands in 1952, was the result of air pollution and what event?
None of these
Unusual amount of stormy weather
Low pressure systems
Temperature inversion
94
True/False: Lyme diseases cases are evenly distributed across the 50 states?
FALSE
TRUE
95
Which geographic of the country utilizes the largest proportion of waste to energy?
Northeast
South
Midwest
West
96
What are the key concerns of POPs in the environment? Choose all that apply:
Often bioaccumulate
High LD50
Resistant to enviornmental degradation
None of these are key concerns for POPs
97
To date, almost all EJ related policy is directed by what legal tool?
Executive actions
The Clean Air and Water Act of 1990
Local government bylaws
NEPA
98
Exposure to high concentrations of toxic metals most likely occur where?
In occupational settings
In a cave
Well water
House paint
99
What are realistic strategies for reducing malaria and leishmaniasis transmission (select all that apply)?
Treat homes with long-tem insecticides
Insecticide-impregnated bed nets
Distributing bug spray
Avoiding mosquitoes and sandflies
100
An aquifer is…
An above ground tank holding municipal water
A body of water that creates a watershed
A layer of earth or rock that contains freshwater
A special piece of equpiment that desalinates salt water