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Ecology Review
Ecology Review
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Ecology Review for Georgia Milestones EOC in Biology
Flashcards
82 cards
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Practice quiz
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Host live
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Questions
82
Answers
1
Which of the following can cause a population crash?
an increase in carrying capacity for a population
a decrease in emigration rate
an increase in immigration rate
a decrease in carrying capacity for a population
2
Paige & Logan count a total of 480 plants in 12 square meters. What is the population density?
492 plants per square meter
480 plants per square meter
5760 plants per square meter
40 plants per square meter
3
When a group of foxes moves to a new habitat, a change in which is least likely to affect them?
food sources
decomposers
temperatures
predator populations
4
Which organism in the food chain has 1% of the initial amount of energy from phytoplankton?
herring
humans
copepods
sand eels
5
The interaction pictured represents
energy and nutrient transfer
herbivory and decomposition
growth
respiration
6
A ____ consists of several ecosystems with similar climate and vegetation.
population
biodiversity
biome
community
7
2 different bird populations live in the same area & eat the same food. How are they related?
predator-prey
mutualism
competition
parasitism
8
Lava was found erupting from the ocean floor. After it cooled, organisms begin to inhabit it.
regeneration
succession
mutation
evolution
9
Which of these is the best indicator of a healthy ecosystem?
There are few herbivores.
There are few decomposers.
There are many different species.
There is a large population of only one species.
10
All of these are natural events that could alter an ecosystem except
floods
volcanic activity
burning fossil fuels
wildfires
11
What will most likely happen if the human population continues to grow at current rates?
Atmospheric nitrogen levels will increase.
The number of strong hurricanes will increase.
Water pollution will decrease.
Natural resources will decrease.
12
Which sequence shows increasing levels of ecological organization?
ecosystem, population, organism, community
community, ecosystem, population, organism
population, organism, ecosystem, community
organism, population, community, ecosystem
13
After repeated exposure to a stimulus, an animal exhibiting habituation will
expect a reward for responding
react randomly to the stimulus
begin to ignore the stimulus
respond identically each time
14
Bacteria are sometimes referred to as nature's recyclers because they
undergo conjugation
carry out photosythesis
break down nutrients in dead matter
can switch between respiration and fermentation
15
The yucca moth uses the yucca flower for food & pollinates the plant. What is the relationship?
predation
commensalism
mutualism
parasitism
16
See below.
Bald eagle populations stayed the same.
Bald eagle populations began to increase.
Bald eagle populations continued to fall.
17
The building of a new coal-burning power plant would have the greatest impact on which issue?
release of radiation
increase in deforestation
depletion of the ozone
production of acid rain
18
A dog growling, two bees touching antennae, and a skunk spraying are all examples of animal
territoriality
communication
mate selection
social acts
19
When worker bees return to a hive they do a dance to show others where food is. What is this?
aggressive behavior
social behavior
territorial behavior
courtship behavior
20
The males of a bird species dance and sing spring. What is the main purpose of these behaviors?
to attract female birds
to clean their feathers
to imprint young birds
to scare off young birds
21
A plant species lives in an area with limited sunlight. Which adaptation would be most useful?
deep roots
thin cuticle
colorful flowers
large leaves
22
Which of the following is an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?
rock
grass
worm
fox
23
Overgrowth of algae threatens coral reefs. How does fishing contribute to overgrowth of algae?
Increases competition between different algae species.
Reduces number of organisms that feed on algae.
Allows more sunlight to be available to algae.
Inhibits spread of pathogens in algae colonies.
24
An undisturbed deer population grows to carrying capacity. Which graph best resembles the deer?
D
B
A
C
25
What is an example of kinesis?
a plant turning its leaves toward the sun
a pillbug increasing its random motion
a Euglena swimming toward bright light
a kudu running to escape an attacking lion
26
What is the function of autotrophs in the carbon cycle?
to take in excess water
to use carbon dioxide to produce glucose
to feed on herbivores
to use oxygen to produce glucse
27
If worldwide deforestation is not regulated, what could most likely result?
Acid rain could lower pH of rivers & lakes.
Future generations would have too many wood & paper products
Plants & animals would gain desert adaptations.
Increased atmospheric CO2 levels would cause global warming.
28
Which is a role of caterpillars in the carbon cycle?
The caterpillars eat breathe in O2 & make glucose
The caterpillars eat food and release CO2
Caterpillars eat food & release O2
Caterpillars breathe in CO2 & produce H2O
29
People often build houses near streams. Which action represents sustainable use of resources?
Installing furnaces that burn fossil fuels.
Installing refrigerators made in another country.
Using wood from old-growth forests for new homes.
Using materials from old buildings for new homes.
30
Hawaii's lush tropical forests arose from a process of
destruction
regeneration
predation
succession
31
What information does this map give to paleontologists studying mammoth fossils?
range of each mammoth species
where mammoths were most hunted
where mammoths moved as climate changed
seasonal migration routes of mammoths
32
The harmless king snake has banding patters similar to that of the venomous coral snake. Why?
protects king snake from predators
it's easier for king snake to interbreed with coral snake
makes it easier for the king snake to attract prey
allows king snake to blend in with environment
33
A deer risks its life by raising its white tail to signal the group when it sees a predator.
altruism
mutualism
commensalism
parasitism
34
The population of which organism would be the first to decline if humans over-harvested shrimp?
zooplankton
barracuda
damselfish
algae
35
The acacia tree emits a foul tasting chemical in response to the giraffe’s grazing. This is __
thigmotropism
gravitropism
phototropism
hydrotropism
36
Surtsey is an island located south of Iceland. It formed by volcanic eruption in 1963.
II, IV, I, III
III, I, II, IV
I, II, IV, III
IV, III, I, II
37
Which is the most likely reason for an increase in producers after an increase in carnivores?
higher temperatures
less food
fewer herbivores
more oxygen
38
Epiphytes are plants that grow on trees but do not harm them. They are able to get more light.
parasitism
competition
commensalism
mutualism
39
Which graph represents the maximum carrying capacity of a bacterial colony?
D
A
B
C
40
Microorganisms in compost bins convert food scraps into fertilizer. What best describes them?
Microorganisms help keep nutrients cycling through ecosystem
Microorganisms help balance numbers of producers & consumers
Micoorganisms turn solar energy into sugar
Microorganisms function as autotrophs
41
___ or ___ can be used by producers to make food
Chemosynthesis; fermentation
Cellular respiration; fermentation
Chemosynthesis; photosynthesis
Photosynthesis; cellular respiration
42
Acacia ant nests & feeds on plant's hollow thorns. The ant attacks grazers. What relationship?
parasitism
neutralism
mutualism
commensalism
43
Some birds live with cows & feed on insects that try to get away from the cows. What is it?
parasitism
predation
mutualism
commensalism
44
In which way are photosynthesis & cellular respiration different?
CR produces O2 while photosynthesis uses O2
Photosynthesis uses CO2 while CR produces CO2
Photosynthesis releases energy while CR stores energy
CR stores ATP while photosynthesis releases ATP.
45
Why are frogs sensitive to pollutants in water?
They absorb water through their skin.
They need low-oxygen conditions.
They are not an indicator species.
They have a small body mass.
46
A backyard has bacteria, grass, shrubs, trees, insects, birds, and small mammals. This is a
kingdom
population
community
species
47
A student is studing a lake. Which level of biological organization is in the table?
biosphere
ecosystem
organelle
community
48
What can be concluded from this graph?
Human population reached carrying capacity around year 1900.
Human population grew exponentially over past 200 years
Human population grew at a constant rate the last 2000 years
Human population will being to level off around 2010
49
Which of the following are missing from the food web?
predators
producers
decomposers
omnivores
50
Which change to the forest ecosystem could limit growth of moth populations?
loss of habitat
fewer predators
reduction in disease
decrease in competition
51
A root growing downward and a shoot growing upward are both examples of
thigmotropism
photoperiodism
gravitropism
phototropism
52
Lichens are made up of a fungus & an algae. Fungus provides nutrients & algae provides food.
parasitism
neutralism
commensalism
mutualism
53
What type of symbiosis provides protection to one organism and food to the other?
predation
mutualism
parasitism
commensalism
54
How have deforestation, draining of wetlands, & prevention of forest fires changed swamps?
decreased amount of sunlight in swamps
preserved amount of soil in swamps
increased rate of respiration in trees
altered pattern of succession in swamps
55
What factors interact to produce smog?
sunlight and pollutants from fossil fuels
sunlight and oxygen
sunlight and acid rain
particulates and pollutants from fossil fuels
56
Which environmental factor would cause the greatest decrease in the number of species in lakes?
ozone destruction
increase in dissolved O2 levels
global warming
acid rain
57
Which material's recycling would reduce the largest portion of America's trash?
metal
paper
plastic
yard trimmings
58
Which will most likely happen if the decomposers are removed from the carbon cycle?
Amount of CO2 needed by consumers will decrease
Amount of CO2 used by producers will increase
Amount of CO2 in the atmosphere will increase
Amount of CO2 in atmosphere will decrease
59
The diagram shows processes that release carbon into the atmosphere and take it out again.
Reduction in use of fossil fuels.
Increases in marine biota.
Destruction of terrestrial biota.
Thickening of ocean sediments.
60
What is one difference between primary and secondary succession?
Primary begins with trees, secondary begins with lichens.
Primary is rapid and secondary is slow.
Primary ends with flower, secondary ends with shrubs.
Primary beings on bare rock & secondary begins on old soil.
61
In an energy pyramid for these organisms, which of the following would be placed at the bottom?
protozoa
snails
Texas blind salamanders
blind shrimp
62
In a population, individuals may live close together in a clumped pattern. Why?
increases competition among members for mates
provides protection from predators
increases population size
provides each member with increased living space
63
Which of the following practices is most likely to slow buildup of CO
2
in the atmosphere?
increased use of tropical rain forest areas for agriculture
increased use of genetically engineered plants
decreased use of pesticides
decreased use of fossil fuels
64
At night, moths travel toward light. Which type of behavior is this?
learned behavior
imprinting
innate behavior
habituation
65
What is the role of the algae in the lake food chain?
producer
consumer
omnivore
herbivore
66
See below.
habituation
camouflage
imprinting
imitation
67
The available chemical energy in an ecosystem ___.
decreases as it flows from consumer to producer
decreases as it flows from producer to consumer
remains constant as it flows from producer to consumer
increases as it flows from producer to consumer
68
Cutting off the growing tip of a plant reduces the auxin in the stem & encourages growth
in the fruit harvest
of side branches
beyond normal size
toward light
69
Auxins build up inside the cells of a stem. Where in the stem have auxins built up the most?
on the side where the light is
on the right
in the middle
on the left
70
A native & non-native species are competing. When is the non-native more likely to survive?
Predators prey on both species.
Native species is immune to certain pathogens in ecosystem.
Both species thrive on the same food source.
Non-native species has no natural enemies in the ecosystem.
71
According to the graph, how has the dam most likely affected the Mediterranean Sea ecosystem?
Water trapped behind the dam causes sea to move inland.
Flooding in August through November destroys marine life.
Reduced nutrients from land support fewer marine producers.
Water temperature of the sea has increased.
72
Which science focuses on interactions among various species with each other & the environment?
anatomy
biochemistry
ecology
genetics
73
Which environmental concern is most associated with burning fossil fuels?
ozone layer destruction
pollution of ocean waters
global climate change
decrease in atmospheric CO2
74
Which is an example of a learned behavior?
A salmon returns to its stream when time to reproduce.
A bear cub practices catching salmon like its mother.
A baby kangaroo climbs to its mothers pouch after birth.
A baby gazelle gets to its feet right after being born.
75
How would a fish population affect a stream ecosystem?
Fish would block sunlight, increasing plant growth.
Fish would lower water temperature.
Fish would produce O2 from the water.
Fish would produce waste, providing nutrients to plants.
76
How can the greenhouse effect change or alter an ecosystem?
All of the above.
It can destroy or alter some organisms' habitats.
It raises the average temperature.
It can cause sea level to rise in areas near the coast.
77
Which substance is considered to be a negative factor affecting Earth's ozone layer?
chlorofluorocarbons
nitrogen gas
ethyl alcohol
water vapor
78
Due to insecticides, the cricket population decreases. Which other population is most affected?
frog
mouse
grass
hawk
79
Primary succession can begin after ___.
farm land is abandoned
a forest fire
a lava flow that covers the landscape
a severe storm
80
In 1988 many large fires occurred in Yellowstone Park. What process occurred after these fires?
primary succession
tertiary succession
secondary succession
pioneer succession
81
Color fragrant flowers are most likely pollinated by
animals
water
wind
spores
82
What do phototropism & geotropism enable plants to do?
prevent invasion by insects
grow toward needed resources
develop pesticide resistance by exchanging DNA
defend themselves against herbivores
